1 - The cardiac impulse normal arises in the : 5 - Heart rate in ECG calculated by :

A. Atrial muscle A. P-Q interval

B. SA node✔ B. R-T interval
C. AV node C. P-T interval
D. AV bundle D. R-R interval✔
E. Q-T interval
2 - The mean arterial pressure of a resting adult
human is about :
6 - Blood pressure is rapidly regulated by :

A. 40 mmHg
A. Renin
B. 60 mmHg
B. Angiotensin
C. 80 mmHg
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. 100 mmHg ✔
D. Baroreceptor✔
E. 120 mmHg
E. Ischemic response of heart

3 - The first sound is produced at the the:

7 - increasing vagal stimulation of heart will
cause an increase in :
A. Beginning of systole✔
B. End of systole A. Heart rate
C. Beginning of diastole B. PR interval✔
D. End of diastole C. Ventricular contractility
D. Ejection fraction
4 - Which component/part of ECG represents E. Cardiac output
ventricular repolarization :

8 - Which phase of cardiac cycle is absent if there

A. P - wave is no P wave on ECG :
B. QRS - Complex
C. T - wave✔ A. Atrial systole ✔
D. PR - interval B. Isovlumetric ventricular contraction
E. ST - Segment C. Rapid ventricular filling
D. Rapid ventricular ejection
E. Reduced ventricular ejection
9 - The sound of karato - koff are produced by : 13 - The phases of the ventricular muscle action
potentials are represented by the point
A. Closing of semilunar valves
membrane potential most dependent on calcium
B. Closing of AV valves permeability :
C. Elastic recoil of aorta A. Point 2✔
D. Steadily blood flow through an artery B. Point 1
E. The turbulent flow of blood through an artery C. Point 3
✔
D. Point 4
E. Point 0
10 - cardiac muscle function as one unit muscle
because which one of the following properties :
14 - An infant born prematurely at gestational
week 25 is unable to start bleeding and has to be
A. All and non law put on the respirator. Which of the following
B. Refractory period would not be expected in this patient :

C. Plataeu
D. Syncitium A. Mature surfactant in amniotic fluid✔

E. Conductivity ✔ B. Collapse of small alveoli

C. Dysponea

11 - Hyaline membrane of disease in a body is D. Decreased lung compliance

caused by : E. Inability to start spontaneous breathing

A. Deficiency of surfactant✔ 15 - A local tissue/organ needs rapid increase in

B. Pulmonary infection its blood flow. How this can normally be achieved
:
C. Alveolar septal injury
D. Defect in hyaline cartilage
A. By development of collateral circulation ✔
E. Pulmonary edema
B. By angiogenesis in the local tissue/organ
C. By decreasing the blood viscosity
12 - The pelural pressure of a normal 56 years old
woman is approximately - 5 cm of H2O during D. By increasing the diameter of systemic local
resting conditions immediately before vasculature
inspiration. What is the pleural pressure during E. By increasing the systemic arterial pressure
inspiration :

A. + 1 cm of H2O
B. + 4 cm of H2O
C. 0 cm of H2O
D. - 3.5 cm of H2O
E. - 7.5 cm of H2O✔
16 - The pressure/force which normally keeps the 19 - ECG of a pateint shows progressively
lungs inflated is : increaaing PR intervals followed by dropped
beat. What is the condition :

A. Transpulmonary pressure✔
A. First degree heart block✔
B. Elastic force of lung tissue
B. Mobitz type 1
C. Pulmoary arterial pressure
C. Sinus arrhythmia
D. Pulmonary capillary pressure
D. Mobitz type 2
E. Surface tension of the fluid lining the inner
walls of alveoli E. Third degree heart block
17 - A 45 years old patient has tidal volume of
400 ml, an inspiratory reserve volume of 2600 ml, 20 - A young man reading a news paper in
an expiratory reserve volume of 800 ml and a relaxing state, under normal conditions, the
residual volume of 2100 ml. What is his vital
vasular resistance can be altered/modified by
capacity :
changing the :

A. 3.8 liters✔ A. Vessel radius✔

B. 2.9 liters B. Vessel length
C. 3.0 liters
C. Blood viscosity
D. 5.9 liters D. Concentration of plasma proteins
E. 1.2 liters E. Haematocrit

18 - Regarding the diffusion of gases across the 21 - During inspiration, how does alveolar
respiratory membrane which one is inappropriate pressure compare to atmospheric pressure :
statement :

A. Alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric ✔

A. It is independent of temprature✔
B. Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric
B. It is more for co2 then O2
C. Alveolar pressure is same as atmospheric
C. It depends on solubility of gas in membrane
D. It is directly proportional to the surface area of
membrane 22 - on which of the following substances to
plasma colloid osmotic pressure depends :
E. It is inversely proportional to the thickness of
membrane
A. Albumin✔
B. Fibrinogen
C. Myoglobin
D. Glucose
E. Potassium
23 - The diameter of a pre - capillary arteriole is 27 - Which of the following parts of the
decreased in a muscle vascular bed. Which of the circulation has the highest compliance :
following changes in the microcirculation would
expected :
A. Veins✔
B. Capillaries
A. Decreased capillary filtration rate✔
C. Aorta
B. Decreased arteriolar resistance
D. Small arteries
C. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
E. Large arteries
D. Increased lymph flow
E. Increased interstitial volume

28 - A 30 years old man is resting and his

24 - The following is a vasodilator substance that sympathetic output increases to maximal values
is released from healthy endothelial cells : because of fright. Which of the following
physiological change would be expected to occur
in this person :
A. Histamine✔
B. Nitric oxide
A. Mean systemic filling pressure decreases✔
C. Bradykinin
B. Resistance to venous return decreases
D. Endothelin
C. Venous return increases
E. Adenosine
D. Skin blood flow increases
E. PR interval increases
25 - The heart is neither tetnized nor fatigued
because it :
29 - Which of the following concerning average
lung volumes and capacities of a person at rest is
A. Has a long refractory period ✔
true :
B. Starts just before the T wave of ECG
C. Starts as soon as atrial diastole is over
A. TLC > VC > FRC > TV✔
D. Partially overlaps with the atrial diastole
B. TLC > VC > TV > FRC
E. This is the same duration as ventricular peiods
C. TLC > FRC > VC > TV
D. TLC > FRC > TV > VC
26 - Which part of conducting system has the
highest rate of discharge :
30 - Chances of turbulent flow decrease in :

A. SA node ✔
A. Increased blood viscosity ✔
B. AV node
B. Anemia
C. HIS bundle
C. Decreased blood viscosity
D. Bundle branches
D. Obstruction to blood flow
E. Purkinje fibers
31 - Under control condition, the flow through a 35. A pateint with right heart failure develops
blood vessel is 100 ml/min with a pressure edema on feet, which of the following starling
gradient of 50 mmHg. What would be the flow forces is most likely disturbed in this patient :
through vessel after increasing the vessel
diameter to four times normal. The pressure
gradient maintained at 50 mmHg : A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure ✔
B. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure

A. 25600 mmHg✔ C. Lymphatic pressure

B. 16000 mmHg D. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

C. 1000 mmHg E. Interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure

D. 300 mmHg
E. 160 mmHg

32 - According to poiseulle's law, blood flow in 36 - Minute respiratory can be calculated by

vessel is : multiplying respiratory rate with :

A. Directly proportional to radius✔ A. Tidal volume✔

B. Directly proportional to vessel length B. Lung capacity

C. Directly proportional to resistance C. Vital capacity

D. Inversely proportional to pressure gradient D. ERV

E. Directly proportional to viscosity of blood E. IRV

33 - Hemodynamic change in aortic stenosis and 37 - Which of the following phases of cardiac
aortic incompetence include : cycle follows immediately after the beginning of
the QRS complex :

A. Left ventricular hypertrophy✔

A. Isovolumic contraction ✔
B. Decreased blood volume
B. Atrial systole
C. Increased stroke volume
C. Diastasis
D. Right ventricular hypertrophy
D. Ventricular ejection
E. Pulmonary hypertension
E. Isovolumic relaxation

34 - Hardening of arterial walls tends to rise :

A. Systolic BP✔
B. Diastolic BP
C. Peripheral resistance
D. Mean pressure
38 - A young man reading a news paper in 42 - During inspiration, how does alveolar
relaxing state, under normal conditions, the pressure compare to atmospheric pressure :
vasular resistance can be altered/modified by
changing the :
A. Alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric
B. Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric
A. Vessel radius✔
C. Alveolar pressure is same as atmospheric✔
B. Vessel length
C. Blood viscosity
D. Concentration of plasma proteins
43 - If a patient's blood carries 10 grams of Hb per
E. Haematocrit deciliter. What is the O2 carrying capacity of his
blood :
39 - The volume of air remaining in the lungs
after normal tidal volume expiration is called :
A. 10 ml/dl✔
B. 13 ml/dl
A. Functional residual capacity ✔
C. 18 ml/dl
B. Vital capacity D. 20 ml/dl
C. Residual volume
D. Inspiratory reserve volume 44 - If V/Q ratio approaches zero, the
E. Expiratory reserve volume composition of blood gases in the pulmonary
arterial blood will become same as that of :
40 - An infant born prematurely at gestational
week 25 is unable to start bleeding and has to be
put on the respirator. Which of the following
A. Alveolar air✔
would not be expected in this patient :
B. Atmospheric air
C. Venous blood
A. Mature surfactant in amniotic fluid✔
D. Arterial blood
B. Collapse of small alveoli
E. Tissue fluid
C. Dysponea
D. Decreased lung compliance
45 - Which of the following events occur at the
E. Inability to start spontaneous breathing
end of the period of ventricular ejection :

41 -Which of the following concerning average

A. Pulmonary valve closes✔
lung volumes and capacities of a person at rest is
true : B. Aortic valve remains close
C. Aortic valve open

A. TLC > VC > FRC > TV✔ D. AV valves open

B. TLC > VC > TV > FRC E. AV valves close

C. TLC > FRC > VC > TV

D. TLC > FRC > TV > VC
46 - Which pulmonary volume/capacity cannot be 50 - The following condition/factor causes
recorded by spirometer : bradychardia :

A. Tidal volume A. Exercise

B. Vital capacity B. Anemia
C. Inspiratory reserve volume C. Fever
D. Expiratory reserve volume D. Parasympathetic stimulation of heart✔
E. Functional residual capacity ✔ E. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart

47 - The tidal volume of an average young man is 51 - Sympathetic stimulation of the heart
about : decreases the :

A. 0.5 L✔ A. Heart rate

B. 1.0 L B. Stroke volume
C. 1.5 L C. Ejection fraction
D. 2.0 L D. Cardiac out put
E. 2.5 L E. Duration of the cardiac cycle ✔

48 - The following pulmonary volume/capacity 52 - The collection of large amount of free fluid in
cannot be recorded by spirometry : the pleural cavity/space is called :

A. Tidal volume A. Pulmonary effusion ✔

B. Vital capacity B. Pulmonary edema
C. Inspiratory reserve volume C. Pneumothorax
D. Expiratory reserve volume D. Pneumonia
E. Functional residual capacity ✔ E. Atelectasis

49 - Pulmoary edema causes : 53 - Co2 passes through the alveo - capillary

membrane by :

A. Hypoxic hypoxia✔
A. Simple diffusion ✔
B. Anemia hyooxia
B. Osmosis
C. Stagnant hypoxia
C. Primary active transport
D. Histotoxic hyopoxia
D. Secondary active transport
E. Facilitated diffusion
54 - Surfactant is secreted by :. C. AV bundle
D. Atrial muscle
A. Mast cells E. Purkinje fibers
B. Alveolar macrophages
C. Type - I alveolar epithelial cells 59 - Central venous pressure is the pressure in
the :
D. Type - II alveolar epithelial cells ✔
E. Pulmonary capillary endothelial cells
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium✔
55 - The P wave of ECG represents the :
C. Pulmonary vein

A. Depolarization of SA node D. Inferior vena cava

E. Superior vena cava
B. Depolarization of atria✔
C. Repolarization of atria
60 - The first heart sound is caused by :
D. Depolarization of ventricles
A. Opening of AV valves
E. Repolarization of ventricles
B. ClosURE of AV valves✔
C. Opening of semilunar valves
56 - The normal PR interval is about :
D. Closure of semilunar valves
E. Contraction of atria
A. 0.08 s
B. 0.12 s
61 - The ejection fraction of a normal resting
C. 0.16 s✔
adult male is about :
D. 0.20 s
E. 0.24 s
A. 20%
B. 40%
57 - Which component/part of circulatory system
C. 60%✔
contain more blood at any given :
D. 80%
E. 100%
A. Heart
B. Systemic arteries
62 - The vasomotor center is located in the :
C. Systemic veins✔
D. Systemic capillaries
A. Cerebral cortex
E. Pulmonary vessles
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
58 - The cardiac impulse normally arises in the :
D. Pons and medulla ✔
A. SA node ✔
E. Mid brain and pons
B. AV node
63 - Some of the air a person breathes never 67 - In which form most of the CO2 is transported
reaches the gas exchanging areas is called : in the blood :

A. Inspiratory volume A. Simple solution

B. Expiratory volume B. Bicarbonate✔
C. Residual volume C. Carbonic acid
D. Dead space air✔ D. Carboxyhemoglobin
E. Physiological shunt E. Carbaminohemoglobin
68 - The ECG of a 45 year old man shows no P
wave and a regular rhythm of 40 beats per
minute with normal QRS complex. The probable
64 - Amount of new air that enters the gas cause of this rhythm is :
exchanging areas is called :
A. Non functional SA node✔
B. Complete heart block
A. Tidal volume
C. Stimulation parasympathetic system
B. Residual volume
D. Ectopic pacemaker in the right atrium
C. Inspiratory volume
E. Increased delay at the AV node
D. Pulmonary ventilation ✔
E. Alveolar ventilation
69 - When a positive inotropic agent/drug is
given a 40 year old hospitalized patient, the
65 - P50 is the partial pressure of O2 at which ejection fraction of the is increased. An increase
hemoglobin : in ejection fraction will cause decrease in the
following varaible of the patient :

A. 00%
A. End systolic volume✔
B. 25%
B. End diastolic volume
C. 50%✔
C. Systolic pressure
D. 75%
D. Cardiac output
E. 100%
E. Stroke volume

66 - Which one is not the property of cardiac

muscle : 70 - A woman in her 8th week of pregnancy on
her prenatal examination is found to have edema
of her both legs. What is physiological basis of
A. Summation✔ edema in this case :
B. Contractibility
C. Functional synctium A. Increased venous pressure✔
D. Long refractory period B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Increased capillary permeability
D. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
71 - To which of the following is alveolar PCO2 75 - In 2nd degree heart block :
directly proportional :

A. Stroke volume is decreased

A. Rate of CO2 production and ventilation ✔ B. Cardiac output is increased
B. Rate of CO2 production and rate of O2 C. The ventricular rate is slower than atrial rate
consumption
D. There is a high incidence ventricular
C. Alveolar ventilation and rate of 02 hyperplasia
consumption
E. The ventricular electrocardiograph complexes
are distorted✔
72 - Regarding cyanosis :

76 - The ventricular are completely depolarized

A. It is more conmon in adults than children during which iso - electric preparation of ECG :
B. Its more common in hot than cold weather
C. It is more common polycythemia than in A. PR interval
anemia✔ B. QRS interval✔
D. It occurs due to increased reduced Hb C. QT interval
E. It occur due to increaase C02 in blood D. T interval

73 - vital capacity is combination of : 77 - The major cause of hyperpnea (increased

respiratory rate) in muscular exercise is :
A. IRV + TV + ERV✔
B. IC + FRC A. Hypercapnea
C. ERV + RV B. Hypoxemia✔
D. TLC + RV C. Alkalosis
E. ERV + IRV D. Peripheral chemoreceptors
E. Stimulation of the respiratory center by
cerebral cortex and the joint proprioception
74 - In the blood most of 02 is transported in the
form of :
78 - How many molecules of O2 are carried by
one molecule of hemoglobin Hb :
A. Oxyhemoglobin✔
B. Methemoglobin
A. 1
C. Simple solution in the plasma
B. 2
D. Combination of plasma proteins
C. 3
E. Simple solution in cytoplasm of RBCs
D. 4✔
E. 5 86 - Hemorrhage is most common cause of :

79 - Plasma colloid osmotic pressure is : ☆ hypovolemic shock

☆ 28 mmHg 87 - Protein in plasma cause colloid osmotic

pressure is :

80 - Which of the following tissue maximum

conduction velocity : ☆ Albumin
88 - Which factor causes edema :
☆ Purkinje fibers ☆ increased venous pressure

81 - If ejection fraction increases there will be 89 - CO2 transport on blood in the form of :
decrease in :

☆ Bicarbonate
☆ cardiac output

90 - Regarding anemia :
82 - Loss of vasomotor tone suddenly throughout
body especially in massive dilation of vein the
result condition is called : ☆ Decrease Peripheral Venous Pressure

☆ Neurogenic shock 91 - Rate of alveolar ventilation is :

83 - Tidal volume is : ☆ 4.2 L

☆ 500 ml 92 - After load of ventricle is :

84 - Regarding surfactant : ☆ Aorta

☆ is decreased in hyaline membrane 93 - Regarding Surfactant :

85 - Co poisoning causes : ☆ Decreases surface tension

☆ Anemic hypoxia 94 - CO2 major transport :

☆ Bicarbonate in plasma
95 - Ejection fraction increased : 104 - Peak mountain PO2 :

☆ End systolic volume decreased ☆ 67 mmHg

96 - 2nd degree heart block : 105 - Rapid local control :.

☆ Dropped beats ☆ Increase arteriolar diameter

106 - Renin - angio - aldo system :
97 - Special feature of veins :
☆ Both vascular resistance & ECF
☆ Presence of valves
107 - Quiet inspiration :
98 - O2 - Hb curve :
☆ Diaphragm & External IC
☆ Shift to right when pH is decreased
108 - Vital capacity :
99 - CO2 - H+ ion generated :
☆ 3.8 L
☆ Stimulates central chemoreceptors
109 - Ventral respiratory group :
100 - Both peripheral & central chemoreceptors :
☆ Normally inactive
☆ Arterial PCO2 increased
110 - Increased cardiac output :
101 - Not in Inspiration :
☆ Increase EDV
☆ Diaphragm lifts up
111 - Pressure difference acts to distend lungs :
102 - High altitude compensation :
☆ Transpulmonary pressure
☆ Shift of Curve to right
112 - Vital capacity :
103 - Not true for gases diffusion :
☆ Maximum expiration after maximum
☆ Temprature independent inspiration of air
113 - Keeps lungs inflated : 117 - 1st heart sound :
☆ At beginning of systole
☆ Transpulmonary pressure
118 - Haldane effect :
114 - caisson disease :
☆ O2 displaces CO2
☆ Nitrogen bubbles
119 - Spnial Anesthesia causes shock :
115 - Semilunar valve closure :
☆ Loss of vasomotor tone
☆ Isovolumic relaxation
120 - Shock :
116 - Nervous Control :
☆ CNS ischemic response
☆ Inhibition of parasympathetic increase heart 121 - Highest At apex of lungs :
rate

☆ V/Q ratio