Q.NO.1 What is the cost of 1000ml of glycerin, specific gravity 1.
25, bought at
54.25 per pound?
Solution:
Amount of glycerin=1000ml
Specific gravity=1.25
Cost of one pound=$54.25
Cost of 1000ml of glycerin=?
1ml of water=1g of water because S.G=1
1000ml of water=1000g of water
Now
Weight of 1000ml of glycerin=1000x1.25=1250g
As we know that
1lb=454g
So
454g of glycerin contain lb. =1
1g of glycerin contain lb. =1/454
1250g of glycerin contain lb. = (1/454)x1250=2.75lb
Now
Cost of one pound (1lb)=$54.25
Cost of 2.75lb=54.25x2.75=$149.37
So
cost of 1000ml of glycerin =$149.37
Q.NO.2: How many grams of dextrose are required to prepare 4000ml of a 5%
solution?
Solution:
Volume of solution=4000ml
Concentration of solution=5%
Amount of dextrose in gram=?
100ml of dextrose solution contain dextrose=5g
1ml of dextrose solution contain dextrose=5/100
4000ml of dextrose solution contain dextrose=(5/100)x4000=200g
4000ml of solution contain dextrose=200g
Q.NO.3: A certain injectable contains 2mg of a drug per milliliter of solution. What
is the ratio strength (w/v) of the solution?
Solution:
Amount of drug per ml=2mg=2/100=0.002g
Ratio strength w/v=?
Weight of drug: Volume of solution
0.002:1
1:1/0.002
1:500
So
w/v strength= 1:500
Q.NO.4: If the dose of drug is 200mg, how many doses are contained in 10g?
Solution:
Total amount of drug=10g
=10x1000=10,000mg
Size of dose=200mg
As we know that
Number of dose=Total amount of drug/Size of dose
Number of dose=10,000/200=50 doses.
Q.NO.5: How many drug would be prescribed in each dose of liquid medicine if
15ml contained 60 doses? The dispensing dropper calibrates 32 drops/ml?
Solution:
Total volume of drug=15ml
Number of doses=60
1ml of drug contain drops=32
15ml of drug contain drops=32x15=480drops
Size of dose=?
As we know that
Size of dose= Total quantity/Number of doses
Size of dose=480/60= 8 drops
So
8 drops are prescribed in each drop.
Q.NO.6: If 0.050 of a substance is used in preparing 125 tablets, how many
micrograms are represented each tablets?
Solution:
Total number of tablets=125
Amount of active substance in 125 tablets=0.050x1000mg
=0.050x1000x1000µg
=(50/1000)x1000x1000µg
=50,000µg
125 tablets contain active substance=50,000µg
1 tablets contain active substance=50,000/125µg=400µg
Q.NO.7: How many grams of a drug substance are required to make 120ml of a
solution each teaspoonful of which contain 3mg of drug substance?
Solution:
Total volume of solution=120ml
Amount of active drug in one spoonful=3mg
Amount of drug in 120ml=?
As we know that
1 teaspoonful contain active drug=5ml
5ml of solution contain active drug=3mg
1ml of solution contain active drug=3/5mg
120ml of solution contain active drug= (3/5)x120mg=72mg
120ml of solution contain active drug=72mg
Q.NO.8: How many milliliters of a heparin injection containing 200,000 units in
10ml should be used to obtain 5000 heparin sodium units that are to be added to
an intravenous dextrose solution?
Solution:
Total volume of injection=10ml
No. of units in 10ml injection=200,000
Required number of units=5000
Volume required for 5000 units=?
200,000 units present in ml of injection=10
1 units present in ml of injection=10/200,000
5000 units present in ml of injection= (10/200,000)x5000=0.25ml
So
Volume of injection required for 5000 units=0.25ml
Q.NO.9: An intravenous infusion contained 20,000 units of heparin sodium in
1000ml of D5W. The rate of infusion was set at 160 units per hour for a 160lb.
patient calculate?
(A) The concentration of heparin sodium in the infusion , in units/ml?
(B) The length of time the infusion would run , in hours?
(C) The dose of heparin sodium administered to the patient on a unit/kg/minute?
Solution:
Total volume of drug =1000ml
Total number of units=20,000 units
Rate of infusion =1600 units per hour
Weights of Patient =160lb.
Concentration:
Concentration= Total number of units/Total volume of drug
=20,000/1000ml
Concentration=20units/ml
Time of infusion:
Time of infusion in hours=Total amount of drug/Time of infusion
=20,000units/1600units/hours=12.5 hours
Time of infusion=12.5 hours
(C) Dose of drug administer in units/kg/minute
As we know that
1lb.=454g=0.454kg
Weights of patient in kg=0.454x160=72.64kg
Time of administer=12.5 hours
=12.5x60=750 minute
Dose of administer in unit/kg/minute= No. of unit in drug/Time in minute x Weight in kg
=20,000 unit/750 x 72.64
=0.37unit/kg/minute
Dose of administer in unit/kg/minute=0.37unit/kg/minute
Q.NO.10: If a patient is determined to have a serum cholesterol level of
200mg/dl?
(A) What is equivalent values expressed in terms of milligrams percent?
(B) How many milligrams of cholesterol would percent in 10ml sample of patient
serum?
Solution:
(A) Serum cholesterol level=200mg/dl
=200mg/100ml
100ml of serum contain cholesterol=200mg
1ml of serum contain cholesterol=200/100mg
Equivalent value in mg%=(200mg/100)x100=200mg%
(B)
Equivalent value in mg%=200mg%
100ml of serum contain cholesterol=200mg
1ml of serum contain cholesterol=200/100mg
100ml of serum contain cholesterol=(200/100)x10mg=20mg
100ml of serum contain cholesterol=20mg
Q.NO.11: What is the PH of a buffer solution prepared with 0.05M ammonia and
0.05 ammonium chloride? The kb value of ammonia is 1.80 x 10^-5 at 25C.
Solution:
Ammonia=0.05M
Ammonium chloride=0.05M
Kb value of ammonia=1.80x10^-5
Now using buffer equation
Ph= Pkb+log salt/base
Log kb=Log1.8x10^-5
= log 1.8+log10^-5
=log 1.80+(-5)log10
=log 1.8-5x1
Logkb=0.25527-5= -4.74
Pkb= -logkb
= -(-4.74)
Pkb =4.74
Now
PH=Pkb+log Salt/Base
=4.74+ log 0.05/0.05
=4.74+log1
=4.74+0
PH=4.74
Q.NO.12: Calculate the change in PH after adding 0.04mol of sodium to a liter of a
buffer solution containing 0.2M concentration of sod. Acetate and acetic acid. The
Pka value of acetic acid is 4.76 at 25C?
Solution:
CH3COOH=0.2M
CH3COONA=0.2M
Pka of CH3-COOH=4.76
Amount of NAOH added=0.04Mole
Change in PH of buffer=?
So we calculate the PH of buffer by using buffer equation.
PH=Pka+ log salt/base
PH=4.76+ log 0.2/0.2
PH=4.76+log1
PH=4.76
On adding 0.04mole of NAOH,0.04 mole of CH3COOH is converted to CH3COONA. So
concentration of CH3COOH is decreased and concentration of CH3COONA is increased.
PH=Pka+ log salt/base
=4.76+ log 0.2+0.04/0.2-0.04
=4.76+log1.5
=4.76+0.1760
PH =4.936
Change in PH=4.936-4.76
=0.18units
Q.NO.13: What is the concentration in g per milliliter of a solution containing
4mEq of calcium chloride per milliliter?
Solution:
Formula weight of CACL2.2H2O=147
Equivalent weight of CACL2.2H2O=147/2=73.5
1mEq weight of CACL2.2H2O=73.5/1000=0.0735g
Concentration of solution in g/ml of 4mEq of CACL2.2H2O
Concentration containing 1mEq=0.0735g/ml
Concentration containing 4mEq=0.0735 x 4 g/ml=0.294g/ml
Q.NO.14: How many milliequivalent of magnesium sulphate are represented in 1g
of anhydrous magnesium sulphate?
Solution:
Molecular weight of Mgso4=120
Equivalent weight of Mgso4=120/2=60
1mEq of Mgso4=60/1000=0.06g=60mg
Given amount of Mgso4=1g
=1000mg
Number of milliequivalent=?
60mg consist of mEq of Mgso4=1
1mg consist of mEq of Mgso4=1/60
1000mg consist of mEq of Mgso4=(1/60) x1000=16.7mEq
Number of mEq=16.7
Q.NO.15: How many milli moles of monobasic sodium phosphate (M.w 138) are
present in 100g of substance?
Solution:
Molecular weight of sod. phosphate=138
Weight of substance=100g
No. of moles=Molecular weight of sod. Phosphate/weight of substance
=100/138
No. of moles=0.725moles
No. of millimoles=0.725x1000=725milli moles
Q.NO.16: If 500ml of 15% v/v solution are diluted to 1500ml what will be %age
strength (v/v)?
Solution:
Volume of solution=Q1=500ml
Conc. Of solution=C1=15%
After dilution
Volume of solution=Q2=1500ml
Concentration of solution=C2=?
As we know that
Q1xC1=Q2xC2
500x15%=1500ml x C2
X(%)=500ml x 15%/1500ml
X=5%
Q.NO.17 Calculate the percentage composition of anhydrous dextrose C6H12O6?
Solution:
%age of element=(Mass of element/Formula mass of compound) x 100
C6 H12 O6
(6x12.01)+(12x1.008)+(16x6)
72.06+12.096+96
Formula mass=180.16
%age of carbon=(Mass of Carbon/Formula mass of compound)x100
=(12.06/180.16) x 100=40%
%age of hydrogen=(Mass of hydrogen/Formula mass of compound)x100
=(1.008/180.16)x100=6.71%
%age of oxygen=(16/180.16)x100=53.29%
Q.NO.18:Verapamil 80-mg tablets are taken three times a day and cost $7.52/100
tablets. Extended release capsules containing 240 mg of verapamil are taken once
daily and cost $15.52/100 capsules. Calculate the treatment cost differential over
a 30-day period?
Solution:
Duration of treatment=30 days
Cost of 18mg tablet=3/day
Cost of 240mg of verapamil capsules=15.52/100 capsules
No. of dose of 240mg verapamil capsules=1/day
Cost of 1 tablet of verapamil=15.52/100=0.0752
Total number no. of 18mg tablets of verapamil 30 days=3x30=90 tablets
Cost of 90 tablets=90x 0.0752=6.77
Cost of 1 240mg capsule of verapamil=15.52/100= $0.1552
Total number of 240mg capsule of verapamil in 30 days=1x30=30
Cost of 30 capsule=30x0.01552=4.656
Cost of difference=6.77-4.656=2.11
