INTEGRATED ELECRICITY AND WATER LEVEL MONITORING

A PROJECT REPORT

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by

ADITYA CHANDRAYAN (20BEE1113)

SYED MOHAMMED (20BEE1180)
SARASWAT AKSHAYA PATI (20BEE1147)
under the guidance of

Dr. SENTHIL KUMAR N

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

VIT CHENNAI

April 2023
 ABSTRACT

Electricity is one of the most important resources when it comes to the survival of the

humans. Its generation is a difficult and costly process. So judicial use of electricity

is of utmost importance. It is important to keep a check on the use of the electricity.

Different meters are used to check the amount of electricity being used. In today’s

era, the concept of a smart grid has gained much importance because of its numerous

advantages over the conventional grid which had many drawbacks. Smart grid comes

with many features which makes it more efficient an easy to use. Besides electricity,

the amount of water being used by the consumer should also be checked on a regular

basis since water is one of the most important natural resources, so it is imperative to

utilize it in a judicial way. In this project, we are designing an integrated electricity

and water level monitoring system to keep a check on both electricity and water

being consumed. The system will simultaneously detect the level of water present

and measure the amount of electricity consumed by the load. The information will be

displayed using an app which can installed on the phone. With the help of this

system, the user can easily track the level of water and measure the amount of

electricity being consumed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... vi
ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE ....................................................... vii
CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Motivation................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................... 1
1.1.3 Scope of the Work ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THESIS ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................ 2
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT .............................................................................. 3
2.2. MODULES OF THE PROJECT .................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Module 1 ..................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Module 2 ..................................................................................................... 5
2.2 TASKS AND MILESTONES ........................................................................... 7
CHAPTER III .............................................................................................................. 8
3. DESIGN OF <<PROJECT NAME>> ..................................................................... 8
3.1 DESIGN APPROACH ...................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Codes and Standards ................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Realistic Constraints ................................................................................... 8
3.1.3 Alternatives and Tradeoffs.......................................................................... 8
3.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................ 9
CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................ 10
4. PROJECT DEMONSTRATION ........................................................................... 10
4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 10
4.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 SIMULATION RESULTS .............................................................................. 10
4.4 HARWARE RESULTS ................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................. 12
5. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 13
5.1 COST ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 13
5.2 SCOPE OF WORK .......................................................................................... 13

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 5.3 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 14
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 15
PUBLICATIONS BASED ON THESIS ................................................................... 16
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 17
Appendix 1: Smart Grid ..................................................................................... 17
Appendix 2: Simulation ..................................................................................... 18
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................................ 19

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Design Specifications……………………………………………………9

Table 2: Cost analysis……………………………………………………………...13

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram……………………………………………………..4

Figure 2.2 Block diagram………………………………………………………4

Figure 2.3 Hardware……………………………………………………………5

Figure 2.4 PCB Soldering………………………………………………………6

Figure 2.5 Blynk App Interface…………………………………………………7

Figure 4.1 : Blynk App parameters display……………………………………10

Figure 4.2 : Serial monitor output for power consumed……………………….11

Figure 4.3 : Serial monitor output for water level……………………………...12

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 ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

PCB Printed Circuit Board

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

vii
 CHAPTER I

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The use of an integrated electricity and water level monitoring will make the work
easier for the consumers. The conventional grid suffered many setbacks and apart from
this, a separate meter had to be setup for the measuring the amount of water being
consumed. The intergrated system is designed to cater both the needs simultaneously.
It can measure the amount of electricity and measure water level together. The system
is designed to save time and the cost of maintenance as well and also it will be efficient
during working to give accurate results.

1.1.1 Motivation

The use of conventional grids for measuring the power created numerous problems for
the customers. Besides a separate meter has to be setup up for measuring the water
level made the work more difficult and less user friendly. The use of an integrated
electricity and water level monitoring system will make the work easier and much
more efficient. It is designed to give accurate results and save time and maintenance
cost for the consumers as well.

1.1.2 Objectives

Our main objective is to design a integrated electricity and water level monitoring
system with the help of IoT to make it faster and efficient and deliver accurate results.
The meter will be able to measure the amount of electricity consumed and the water
level simultaneously and thus it will make the work easier and save time as well as the
cost of maintenance for the consumers.

1.1.3 Scope of the Work

The integrated will have to meters, one for measuring the electricity and the other for
measuring the water level. For water level meter, ultrasonic distance sensor is used
which measures the water level. For the smart electricity meter, voltage and current
sensor are used for measuring the voltage and current respectively. An ESP32 WiFi
module is used for connecting it to the Blynk app which will display the power (in
kWh) and the water level in (mL). The meter will be able to measure the amount of
electricity consumed and the water level simultaneously.

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 CHAPTER II

2.PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

The integrated electricity and water level monitoring system is designed to measure
the electricity and water level at the same time and provide accurate readings. With
IoT implementation the system will be efficient and user friendly. This will save time
as well as the cost of maintenance. The output will be displayed in the Blynk app which
can installed in the mobile which makes it much easier to keep a check on the
electricity and the water level. There are various advantages of the smart grid over the
conventional grid which had faced numerous setbacks. The smart grid comes with
many features which makes it much more suitable to work and get the readings.

2.2. MODULES OF THE PROJECT

The connections and components-

For the project, different components are used. For the water level, the ultrasonic
distance sensor will measure the water level. Then for the electricity, there are
voltage and current sensor which will measure the voltage and current respectively.
The connections are made on the PCB with the help of soldering.

2.1.1 Module 1

The working- The connections are made on the PCB. The load which is a 3W bulb is
connected and the supply is given. For connecting the Blynk app, ESP32 Wi-Fi module
is connected which is linked to the Blynk app where the output readings are displayed.
The circuit diagram is shown below-

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Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram

Figure 2.2 Block diagram

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2.1.2 Module 2

The setup for the hardware is shown-

Figure 2.3 Hardware

The above picture contains the ultrasonic distance sensor, voltage sensor, current
sensor, PCB, the bulb, the ESP32 Wi-Fi module, the connectors and plug for the
supply connections are made on the PCB by soldering.

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Below is the image for the connections in the PCB-

Figure 2.4 PCB Soldering

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Blynk Software setup-

Figure 2.5 Blynk App Interface

2.2 TASKS AND MILESTONES

The project was designed to measure the electricity and water level simultaneously
and display the information in the Blynk app installed in the phone. The system
successfully measured the amount of electricity consumed by the load and also it
showed the water level present.
Figures shown in the simulation and hardware results are the indicative of the
milestones achieved in our work.

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 CHAPTER III
3 DESIGN OF INTEGRATED ELECRICITY AND WATERLEVEL
MONITORING

3.1 DESIGN APPROACH

PCB (printed circuit board) is used for making the connections. Soldering is used for
making the connections as per the circuit diagram. ESP32 Wi-Fi module is used for
connecting the system to the Blynk app which will display the readings. For the smart
energy meter, the voltage and current sensor are used for measuring the voltage and
current respectively. The output power is displayed in (kWh) which is used to calculate
the electricity bill. For the water meter, ultrasonic distance sensor is used which
measure the water level present. Apart from this, potentiometer, resistors capacitors
are also used for making the circuit.

3.1.1 Codes and Standards

The IEC 61850 Standards are there which defines the communication protocols for
electrical substations. These are the foundational series of publication which pave the
way for the use of digital technologies relating to smart energy. It deals with different
issues like distributed energy resources etc. There are some other IEEE codes there
which are also associated with the smart grid- IEEE P1547 (Revision) Standard for
Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated
Electric Power Systems Interfaces, IEEE P2030.5 (Revision) Standard for Smart
Energy Profile Application Protocol etc.

3.1.2 Realistic Constraints

The load which is used is a 3W bulb. The current value should not exceed 20mA. The
voltage should be in the range 220-240 volt and the rated wattage is 3W.

3.1.3 Alternatives and Tradeoffs

There can be chances of occurrence of an imbalance in the demand and supply of the
power. There are chances of cyber attacks on the grid which can damage the overall
system or disrupt the entire system. Two-way communication can also put the system
at risk.
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3.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

Table 1 : Design Specifications

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS
SCT-013-030 Current Sensor Up to 100A
ZMPT101B AC Voltage Sensor Up to 250V
ESP32 WIFI Module Temperature: -40C to +125C
10uF Capacitor Range: 35V to 50V
10k Potentiometer Power rating: 0.3W
16x2 LCD Display Voltage range:4.7V to5.3V
Resistor 100 ohm Power rating: 0.25W
2-10k-ohm Power rating: 0.25W

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 CHAPTER IV

4. PROJECT DEMONSTRATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This section would introduce the various achievemnets of our work. All
achievements are displayed on the platform (Blynk app) being used. This is possible
through the various sensors interfaced to the micro-controller (ESP32). The user can
be made aware through the above proposed system and could do the necessary to
prevent the injudicious exploitation of resources.

4.2 SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 4.1 : Blynk App parameters display

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The above shown figure displays parameters such as Vrms, Irms and the water level
resent in the water source. The apparent power and the power consumed by the load is
shown in kWh. A performance history of the grid is also maintained in the application.

Figure 4.2 : Serial monitor output for power consumed

This is the display of the parameters before interfacing the ultra-sonic distance sensor
on the serial monitor.

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 Figure 4.3 : Serial monitor output for water level

On interfacing the ultra-sonic distance sensor, the volume/water level is being

displayed on the serial monitor. Through this, the user is aware of water level in the
water body/source.

4.3 HARWARE RESULTS

Since all the results of the simulation are presented in the monitor, the hardware results
resemble the above shown simulation results.

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 CHAPTER V

5. CONCLUSION

5.1 COST ANALYSIS

Table 2 : Cost Analysis

COMPONENT PRICE
SCT-013-030 Current Sensor Rs.590
ZMPT101B AC Voltage
Rs.330
Sensor
ESP32 Wi-Fi Module Rs.550
10µF Capacitor Rs.54
10K Potentiometer Rs.138
16x2 LCD Display Rs.265
Resistor 100Ω Rs.45
2 10kΩ Resistors Rs.54
Jumper wires Rs.294
Breadboard Rs.80
Ultra-sonic distance sensor Rs.151
PCB (including soldering
Rs.310
charges)
TOTAL Rs.2866

5.2 SCOPE OF WORK

The integrated electricity and water level meter will is designed to minimize the losses
and provide accurate readings with the help of IoT. The meter will fast and efficient
in measuring the electricity and water level. The use of Blynk app will make it easy
for the consumer to keep a check on the amount of electricity and water level
consumed. With this, the user will get the information regarding the use of power and
how it can be minimized. This will help in the reducing the electricity bill as well. Also
the user could prevent the wastage of water due to overflow due to the presence of the
ultra-sonic distance sensor.

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5.3 SUMMARY

We were able to design our proposed system through the specified components and
also the outputs could meet our expectations. Through this, the user is aware of all the
parameters such as the power consumption and also the usage of water/water level is
also known. Also the user is able to review the history/track of the device usage. This
can encourage the user to fulfill his/her needs and also prevent the user from
injudicious exploitation of the resources. Also the system is designed to be
environment-friendly and user-friendly.

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 REFERENCES

 Anitha.k ,prathik, “Smart Energy Meter surveillance Using IoT” , Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2019.

 Devadhanishini, et.al” “Smart Power Monitoring Using IoT”5th International

Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS)
2019.

 Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee Design and Implementation of an Internet of

Things Based Smart Energy Metering” 6th IEEE International Conference on
Smart Energy Grid Engineering 2018.

 Himanshu kpatel “arduino based smart energy meter” 2nd Int'l Conf. on
Electrical Engineering and Information &Communication Technology (ICEEICT)
2018.

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 PUBLICATIONS BASED ON THESIS

Journals

1. Authors, “Title of the paper”, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,

Elsevier, Vol 72, No. 8, pp 936 - 943, Aug 2012.

2. Second.....

Conferences

1. Authors, “Title of the paper”, in International Conference on Power Systems,

ICPS 2009, 6 Pages, Dec 2009, IIT Kharagpur.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Smart Grid

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Appendix 2: Simulation

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 CURRICULUM VITAE

(Short Bio-data of the student)

1. Name :

2. Date of Birth :

3. Email :

4. Address for Communication :

5. Education :

6. Interests :

We could design an IoT-based smart energy meter that could measure the power
consumed by a household and synchronize the data to the Blync Cloud which
helped in storing and visualizing the data. With the help of this, the system could
alert the user in case of any violations in he system.

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