ACTIVITY 1 (NCERT Page 61) ACTIVITY 2 (NCERT Page 62)
Objective Apical meristem causes growth in length of plant. Objective To understand the structure, location and
Time Required Five days or a week. arrangement of various type of cells of permanent tissue
in plants.
Materials Required Two jars of same size, two onion bulbs,
water, scissors and measuring scale. Time Required 30-45 minutes.
Procedure Materials Required A plant stem, blade, safranin,
1. Take two glass jars and fill them with water. glycerine, cover slip and a microscope.
2. Now, take two onion bulbs and place one on each jar as Procedure
shown in figure. 1. Take a plant stem and with the help of your teacher,
3. Observe the growth of roots in both the bulbs for a few days. cut it into very thin slices or sections.
4. Measure the length of roots on day 1, 2 and 3. 2. Now, stain the slices with safranin. Place one neatly
5. On day 4, cut the root tips of the onion bulb in jar 2 by about cut section on a slide and put a drop of glycerine.
1 cm. After this, observe the growth of roots in both the jars 3. Cover the cut section of plant stem with a cover slip
and measure their lengths each day for five more days and and observe the arrangement of cells under a
record the observations in a table. microscope.
Observation 4. Draw the figure you observed and label the parts.
Length Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Observation The section of the stem appears as drawn
Jar 1 3 cm 3.5 cm 4 cm 4.5 cm 5 cm below:
Jar 2 3 cm 4 cm 4.5 cm 3.5 cm 3.5 cm
Epidermis
Hypodermis
General cortex
Pith Endodermis
Pericycle
Vascular bundle
Medullary ray
(a)
Jar 1 Jar 2
Growth of roots in onion bulbs Trichome
Cuticle
Result/Conclusion When root tips are removed from onion of Epidermis
jar 2, it is observed that growth of roots is more in onion of jar Hypodermis
1, because apical meristem which is responsible for the increase Cortex
Resin duct
in length of roots is present only at the growing tips of roots. Endodermis
Thus, when we remove root tips, apical meristem is also lost Pericycle
Vascular bundle
and the roots stop growing. Phloem
Cambium
Viva Questions Metaxylem
1. What is meristematic tissue? Protoxylem
2. What will happen if apical meristem is damaged or cut? Medullary ray
3. Why did the roots of bulb of jar 2 stop growing after Pith
fourth day?
4. What is the function of meristematic tissue? (b)
5. Which of the two onions has longer roots? Why? Sections of a stem
Chapter 6 : Activity Zone 01
Result/Conclusion The section of stem depicts that various 6. Wait for a couple of minutes and then transfer it onto a
types of cells are arranged in specific ways. All cells are slide. Gently place a cover slip over it.
different in structure. Epidermis forms the outermost layer 7. Observe it under a microscope.
followed by cortex. Vascular bundles are present encircled Observation The cells appear as shown below:
by the cortex.
Viva Questions
1. Which chemical is used to stain the plant sections in
this activity? Guard
cells
2. What is the role of glycerine in the above activity?
Stomata
Epidermal
3. Name the tissues which comprises vascular bundles. cell Guard cell
4. What is the function of vascular bundle? (a) (b)
Guard cells and epidermal cells
ACTIVITY 3 (NCERT Page 63) (a) Lateral view (b) Surface view
Objective To understand the role of epidermis in plants. Result/Conclusion
Or To understand the location and function of stomata.
1. The section shows the outermost layer called epidermis.
Time Required 30-45 minutes. It is a single layer of cells with stomata embedded in it. It
Materials Required Leaf of Rhoeo, petridish, water, provides protection against water loss and mechanical
safranin, slides, cover slip and microscope. injury.
Procedure 2. Stomata are small pores present here and there in the
1. Take a freshly plucked leaf of Rhoeo plant. epidermis of the leaf. These are enclosed by two
kidney-shaped cells called guard cells.
2. Stretch and break it by applying pressure.
3. While breaking it, keep it stretched gently so that some
Viva Questions
peel or skin projects out from the cut.
4. Remove this peel and put it in a petri dish filled with 1. Name the outermost layer of cells in old plants.
water. 2. Name the cells that enclose the stomata.
5. Add few drops of safranin to it. 3. State the location of stomata in plants.
02 ll ne Science 9th
