These are played outdoors because of its
high volume.
Trumpet
-A long, metallic instrument used in
fanfare or short ceremonies played
on brass instruments.
-A brass wind musical instrument
sounded by lip vibration against a
cup mouthpiece.
Sackbut
-It has thicker walls than the modern
trombone. Also, it answered the need
for a lower-pitched trumpet that
composers of the time sought.
-Its telescoping slide mechanism is
retained in the modern trombone.
What’s the difference between a
trumpet and a sackbut?
-The slide trumpet possesses only a
single slide joint, while the sackbut has
a double slide joint that allows for
playing scales in a lower range.
The trumpet’s limited features
make a sackbut necessary for
playing scales in a lower range.
Shawm
-A loud double-reed instrument
which is the ancestor of
the oboe.
Just like the oboe, the shawm is
conically bored, but it features a
wider bore, bell, and finger holes. It
also includes a wooden disk known
as a pirouette to aid the lips and, in
Asian instruments, to keep them
away from the reed.
How does a shawm differ from an
oboe?
-The shawm's bore is shaped more like
a "sword" compared to the oboe. It
resembles a narrow parabola rather
than a perfect cone.
-The shawm’s strong, fiery tone was
favored during ancient times but some
today find the sound harsh and
irritating.
-This was used in dance & ceremonial
music during the Medieval Period.
Bagpipe
-A reed instrument consisting of a
melody pipe & one or more
accompanying drone pipes protruding
from a windbag into which the air is
blown by the mouth or bellows.
-A wind instrument that consists of two
or more single- or double-reed pipes.
-It’s called as a Bagpipe since it consists
of a bag that serves as a reservoir for air
& several pipes wherein we blow with
our mouth.
Nakers
-These are hemispherical
membranophones which are also kettle
drums played in pairs & were struck
with hard sticks.
-It is considered as the ancestor of the
timpani.
-One of them will produce a low-pitch
beat (nar) and the other a high-pitch
beat.
They were played for martial purposes.
Tabor
-A small drum with one head of soft
calfskin used to accompany a pipe or
fife played by the same person.
-These are played indoors because of
their low volume.
Flute
-A woodwind musical instrument in
which the sound is produced by
blowing against a sharp edge.
-It’s considered recorder-like so it’s
end-blown.
-A favorite instrument of the minstrels
to use during their travels.
Recorder
-A musical instrument consisting of a
wooden tube with holes along its
the length that’s covered by the fingers
to vary the notes & played by blowing
into one end.
-This is held vertically from the lips of the
player.
-The holes determine the note to be
played.
What’s the difference between a flute
and a recorder?
-A flute is superior in tone, pitch, and
dynamic control. On the other hand, A
recorder is superior for legato & tone-
bending.
Harp
-A stringed instrument in which the
resonator is perpendicular, or nearly so, to
the plane of the strings.
-The resonator is also known as the
soundboard. This is a thin plate of wood or a
stretched membrane lying directly under
the strings of a stringed musical
instrument
-Its strings vary from shortest to longest.
Short strings produce a high pitch while
long strings make a low pitch.
What makes the harp different from
other musical instruments?
-The use of pedals, and foot-controlled
levers that can alter the pitch of given
strings.
-The harp is one of the favorite musical
instruments of the troubadours & the
minstrels.
Fiddle
-A bowed or plucked string instrument
placed under the chin of the player.
Bowed- played by a bow rubbing the
strings.
Plucked- played by pulling & releasing
the string.
-A medieval European bowed stringed
musical instrument.
-The forerunner of the violin.
Lute
-A pear-shaped plucked string
instrument that has a bent neck & a
fretted fingerboard.
A fretted instrument has little metal
bars along the neck.
What characteristic makes the
fiddle different from other lutes?
-The fiddle can be distinguished from
other lutes only by how it is played
usually with a horsehair bow.
Positive organ
-The principal musical instrument in
monasteries & cathedrals.
-This was the only musical instrument
allowed by the church authorities.
-A small organ used in liturgical, and
sometimes in secular music.
-A medieval, portable chamber organ
that could be carried from place to place
without being taken to pieces, and when
played was placed on a table or stool &
required a blower for the bellows, as
well as a performer.
Quadrivium
-An old curriculum composed of 4
subjects or arts which are arithmetic,
geometry, music, and astronomy.
-This made the application of
measurement in music necessary.
-A system of notation was made that
regulated 2 primary components: sound
& time.
