Module 2 : Signals in Frequency Domain
Problem Set 2
Problem 1
Let be a periodic signal with fundamental period T and Fourier series coefficients . Derive the Fourier series coefficients of each of
the following signals in terms of :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e) [ for this part , first determine the period of ]
Solution 1
(a)
where . Thus, we have
Therefore the new Fourier coefficients are
(b) =
=
=
=
Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by
(c) =
Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by
(d) =
=
Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by
(e) =
= (1)
Since has fundamental period T , has fundamental period . Therefore, from (1) the Fourier coefficients of
are
Problem 2
Suppose we are given the following information about a signal x(t) :
1. is a real signal .
2. is periodic with period T = 6 and has Fourier coefficients a k .
3. = 0 for k = 0 and k > 2 .
4. = .
5. .
6. is a positive real number .
Show that , and determine the values of the constants A , B , and C .
Solution 2
Since is a real signal, . But from the given hypothesis, for k > 2. This implies that
for k > 2.
Also, it is given that . Therefore the only non-zero Fourier coefficients are , , and .
It is also given that is a positive real number. Therefore . Thus we have,
Since and are both periodic with period 3, we have
But, by given hypothesis we have , which implies that
Therefore we have,
Finally, it is given that
Therefore, and the constants A = 1, B = and C = 0.
Problem 3
Consider the signal
Determine the Fourier transform of each of the signals shown in figure below . You should be able to do this by explicitly evaluating only
the transform of and then using properties of the Fourier transform.
Solution 3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Problem 4
A causal stable LTI system S has the frequency response
• Determine a differential equation relating the input x(t) and output y(t) of S .
• Determine the impulse response h(t) of S.
• What is the output of S when the input is
Solution 4
(a)
(b)
Multiply both sides by
and set = 2j to get A =2
multiply both sides by and set = 3j to get B= -1
(c)
multiply both sides by and set = 2j to get A=1/2
multiply both sides by and set = -4j to get B= -1/2
Problem 5
The output y(t) of a causal LTI system is related to the input x(t) by the equation
where
• Find the frequency response of this system.
• Determine the impulse response of the system.
Solution 5
(a)
(b)
Multiply both sides by and set = 10j to get A = 17/9
Multiply both sides by and set = j to get B= 1/9
Problem 6
Consider the signal x(t) in the figure.
(a) Find the Fourier transform of .
(b) Sketch the signal
(c) Find another signal such that is not the same as and
(d) Argue that, although is different from , for all integers k. You should not
explicitly evaluate to answer this question.
Solution 6
(a) Consider the signal shown below.
Fig. (a)
Now consider convolution of with itself. Let the resultant signal be .
Then, .
Now, consider and .
Fig (b)
Fig (c)
So, when .
as there is no overlap between and .
When .
Then, .
Here, and .
So, .
.
When .
Then, there is no overlap between and .
So, the signal is
Fig. (d)
Now compare with the given signal . Here is
Fig. (e)
By comparing, we get .
So, can be thought of as a signal which is a convolution of the signal with itself, where is
Fig. (f)
This implies .
By Convolution Theorem, the Fourier Transform of is square of the Fourier Transform of , i.e.
Now, consider . Its Fourier Transform is
.
So,
(b)
Now, consider a signal , where
as .
So, is the shifted version of by 4k along the t axis which is shown as
Fig. (g)
Now,
So, is
Fig. (h)
(c) Any signal which is the shifted version of by 4k on the t axis can be taken as , which satisfies
because by the last part we can say that when we convolve with , it will result in .
In this case, , where .
(d) By part (c) ,
, where .
Now, put .
as
Problem 7
Consider an LTI system whose response to the input
is
(a) Find the frequency response of this system.
(b) Determine the system's impulse response.
Solution 7
(a) Given:
The Fourier transform of [where a>0] is .
So Fourier transform of x(t) is
Similarly, the Fourier transform of output y[t] is
Let the frequency response of the given LTI system be .
So, by the convolution theorem,
As ,
By solving this, we get
(b) By taking Inverse Fourier Transform of , we get
Problem 8
Determine the Fourier series representations for the following signals:
(1) Each illustrated in the figures (a) - (f)
(2) periodic with period 2 and for .
(3) periodic with period 4 and
Solution 8
(1)
(a) It is periodic with period 2. So, consider segment between .
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For ,
But, in
Substituting in x(t)
(b) It is periodic with period 6. So, consider segment between .
The function in this interval is:
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For ,
Substituting in x(t)
(c) It is periodic with period 3, so take the segment
The function in the interval is:
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For ,
Substituting in x(t)
(d) It is periodic with period 2. So take segment
Here,
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For
Substituting in x(t)
(e) It is periodic with period 6. So, take the segment
Here will be
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For
Substituting in x(t)
(f) It is periodic with period 3. So, take the segment
Here will be
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
For
Substituting in x(t)
(2)
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
Given .
For
Substituting in x(t)
(3)
Let
be the Fourier expansion, where:
Given .
For
Substituting in x(t)
Problem 9
A continuous-time periodic signal is real valued and has a fundamental period T=8 . The NON ZERO Fourier series coefficients for
are specified as
Express in the form
Solution 9
Given that the non zero coefficients are:
; ; ;
=>
Comparing with
We get the non-zero coefficients as:
;
Problem 10
Solution 10 :
Problem 11 :
Consider an LTI system whose response to the input
is
(a) Find the frequency response of this system.
(b) Determine the system's impulse response.
Solution 11 :
Problem 12 :
Consider the signal x(t) in figure below :
Solution 12 :
(a) Consider the signal y (t) shown below :-
Now consider the convolution of y (t) with itself . Let the resultant figure be z (t)
Now consider y (k) and y (t-k) :
Now compare z (t) with the given signal x (t) .
Here x (t) is :
]
By comparing, we get
A= 1/2
So x(t) can be thought of a signal , which is the convolution of signal v(t) with itself where v(t) is :
