Molecular Basis of Inheritance

1. A bacteriophage 174 has 5386 nucleotides, bacteriophage lambda has _______________ bp,
Escherichia coli has _______________ bp and haploid content of human DNA is _______________ bp.
2. _______________ nitrogenous base is present in RNA at the place of _______________ .
3. A nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through a _______________ linkage to form a
_______________ .
4. In nucleotide, a phosphate group is linked to 5’-OH of a nucleotide through _______________ linkage.
5. The backbone of polynucleotide chain is formed due to _______________ and _______________ .
6. 5-methyl uracil is another chemical name for _______________ .
7. _______________ and _______________ proposed Double Helix model for the structure of DNA based
on the _______________ data produced by Wilkins and Franklin.
8. Adenine forms _______________ hydrogen bonds with Thymine and Guanine forms _______________
hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
9. The two chains of DNA are coiled in a _______________ handed fashion. The pitch of helix is
_______________nm and there are roughly _______________ bp in each turn.
10. Francis Crick proposed the central dogma, which states that genetic information flows from
DNA  _______________  _______________ .
11. In prokaryotes, DNA being _______________ charged is held with some protein that have
_______________ charges in a region termed as _______________ .
12. In eukaryotes, DNA is held with set of positively charged, basic proteins called _______________ .They
are organised to form a unit of eight molecules called _______________ .
13. The DNA is wrapped around histome octamer to form structure called _______________ . It contains
_______________ bp of DNA helix.
14. Nucleosomes constitute the repeating unit of a structure in nucleus called _______________ . They are
seen as _______________ structure when viewed under electron microscope.
15. The chromatin fibres, coiled and condensed at _______________ stage of cell division to form
chromosome. The packaging of chromatin at higher level requires proteins called _______________
proteins.
16. In nucleus, region of chromatin that are loosely packed and stains light are reffered as _______________
and chromatin that is densely packed and stains dark are called _______________.
17. _______________ chromatin is transcriptionally active and _______________ chromatin is inactive.
18. In Griffith’s experiment, _______________ bacteria was used. S-stain of bacteria produces smooth
colonies because it has _______________ coat that was absent in R-stain.
19. In Griffith’s experiment, mice infected with _______________ strain die from pneumonia infection.
20. _______________ and _______________ worked together to discover the nature of transforming principle.
They grew virus on medium containing radioactive _______________ and some on medium containing
radioactive _______________ .
21. In Hershey-Chase experiment, the sequence of stages was infection, blending and centrifugation. At the
end radioactive _______________ was detected in supernatant and radioactive _______________ was
detected in cell.
22. _______________ group present at every nucleotide in RNA is a reactive group and makes RNA liable
and easily degradable.
23. _______________ nucleic acid is preferred for storage of genetic information and _______________
nucleic acid for transmission.
24. _______________ nucleic acid was the 1st genetic material.
25. The replication of DNA is _______________ as each DNA molecule have one parental and one newly
synthesized strand.
26. In 1958, _______________ and _______________ had prove that DNA replicates semiconservatively.
27. In Meselson and Stahl’s experiments, the heavy DNA molecule was distinguished from normal DNA by
centrifugation in _______________ density gradient.
28. The main enzyme for replication of DNA is _______________-dependent _______________ polymerase.
29. In E.coli, the average rate of polymerisation is _______________ bp per second.
30. The replication of DNA occur within a small opening of DNA helix, referred to as _______________ . The
polymerisation occur in one direction that is _______________
31. The DNA replication in the template with 5'  3' polarity is discontinuous and the discontinously
synthesized fragment are joined by enzyme _______________ .
32. The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as
_______________ .
33. A transcription unit in DNA is defined primarily by three regions in DNA : _______________ , structural
gene and _______________ .
34. During transcription, the DNA strand having polarity _______________ is reffered to as template strand.
35. _______________ strand of DNA is used as reference point while defining transcription and its polarity
is _______________ .
36. _______________ is a DNA sequence that provides binding site for RNA polymerase and is located
_______________ stream of structural gene.
37. _______________ is a DNA sequence that defines the end of the process of transcription and is located
_______________ stream of coding strand.
38. In eukaryotes, the coding sequence are called _______________ that appears in mature RNA. They are
interrupted by _______________ .
39. In bacteria, during transpiration _______________ facilitates opening of the helix and continues elongation.
40. RNA polymerase is associated transiently with ‘  ’ which is called _______________ factor and with
‘  ’ which is called _______________ factor..
41. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase _______________ transcribes rRNAs ; RNA polymerase ______________
transcribes tRNA, 5srRNA and snRNAs ; and RNA polymerase _______________ transcribes mRNA.
42. _______________ is the process where introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order.
43. In capping an unusual nucleotide _______________ is added to the _______________ end of hnRNA
and in tailing, _______________ residues are added at _______________ end in template independent
manner.
44. _______________ , a physicist, suggested that in order, to code for all the 20 amino acid, the code is
should be made up of 3 nucleotide.
45. The codon for amino acid is _______________ . The number of codons that code for amino acid is
_______________ and _______________ codons code for stop codons.
46. One codon codes only for one amino acid, hence it is _______________ and specific. Some amino
acids are coded by more than one codon, hence the code is _______________ .
47. _______________ code has dual function i.e. codes for Methionine and also acts as initiator codon.
48. Insertion or deletion of one or two bases in a gene changes the reading frame. Such mutation are
referred to as _______________ insertion.
49. _______________ RNA acts as an adapter molecule.
50. There are _______________ tRNA for stop codons.
51. The secondary structure of tRNA looks like a _______________ but in actual structure the tRNA is a
compact molecule which looks like _______________ .
52. The process of charging of tRNA is also called _______________ of tRNA.
53. The cellular factory responsible for synthesizing proteins is _______________ . It consists of structural
RNAs and about _______________ different proteins.
54. 23S rRNA in bacteria is the enzyme called _______________ .
55. Some additional sequence in mRNA that are not translated are referred as _______________ .
56. For initiation of translation, the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon that is recognised only
by the _______________ .
57. At the end of translation, _______________ binds to stop codon, terminating translation and releasing
the complete polypeptide from the ribosome.
58. The accessibility of promoter region of prokaryotic DNA is regulated by the interaction of proteins with
DNA sequence termed _______________ .
59. In bacteria, the arrangement of DNA sequence in which polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a
common promoter and regulatory genes is called _______________ .
60. The lac operon consists of one regulatory gene - i gene, where ‘i’ refer to _______________ .
61. In lac operon, ‘z’ gene codes for _______________ , ‘y’ gene codes for _______________ and ‘a’ gene
codes for _______________ .
62. Regulation of lac operon by repressor is referred to as _______________ regulation.
63. Human Genome Project was launched in year _______________ and completed in year ______________.
64. The genes that are expressed as RNA is referred to as _______________ .
65. Assigning different regions in the DNA sequence with function is called _______________ .
66. In Human Genome Project, the fragments were sequenced using automated DNA sequences that work
on the principle of a method developed by _______________ .
67. In human genome, less than _______________ % of genome codes for proteins. The chromosome
_______________ has most genes (2968) and chromosome _______________ has the fewest (231).
68. DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence called as
_______________ .
69. If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred to as _______________.
70. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was initially developed by _______________ . In this, a satellite
DNA used as probe shows very high degree of polymorphism refer to as _______________. Its size
varies from _______________ to _______________ kb.