Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry
1.One way to analyze the amount of salt in meat is to extract it with boiling water and to use a
chemical that indicates when the following reaction is complete:
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl ↓
a. What does the arrow after silver (I) chloride indicate?
b. Is the sodium chloride dissolved in water? How do you know?
c. In all how many nitrogen atoms are on the L.H.S. of the equation?
2. The last step in the synthesis of a poison known as nicotine is given by the following
reaction:
C10H14N2 + CH3I + NaOH → H2O + C11H14N2 + NaI
162 g 142 g 40 g 18 g __?__g 150 g
How many grams of nicotine were produced if the above amounts reacted to also produce
the given amounts of sodium iodide and water?
4. Whereas human females apply Chanel No. 5, the product ofthis reaction is what female tsetse flies use
to attract mates.How much of it is produced if the given amounts completely react?
C37H72 + 2 H2 → C37H76
516 g 4g __?__g
5. A useful insect repellent (girls are may be asking whether it works as an undesirable male-repellant) can
be synthesized according to:
C7H11ClO3 + C4H11N → C11H21NO3 + HCl
__?__g 73 g 215 g 36.5 g
How much C7H11ClO3 is needed to produce 215 g of the repellent?
6 Because of propane’s simple chemical structure, it usually burns cleanly. Unlike gasoline, in a
wellventilated area, it will not produce much soot or carbon monoxide. It does however produce the
greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which has been accumulating in the atmosphere since the Industrial
Revolution. Hydrogen would be a more environmentally-friendly fuel. Based on what you know
about chemistry, would hydrogen burn to produce ....
a. carbon dioxide? Why? b. carbon monoxide? Why?
C. Balancing Chemical Equations
Equations have to be balanced because in reality chemical reactions cannot destroy atoms;
they only ionize or rearrange them.
RULES
1. You may introduce coefficients (big #s in front of formulas or atomic symbols).
Remember the coefficients can be thought of as the number of bound atoms or
molecules.
2. You cannot change or add subscripts (small # s that are part of formulas)
3. For each element, the total on the L.H.S. (Left Hand Side)= total on R.H.S. of the
equation.
Examples: 1. Balance:
a. H2 + Cl2 → HCl
(also draw the molecules to understand what is going on)
b. Ca(OH)2 + HF → CaF2 + H2O
c. C7H16 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
d. Na3PO4 + CaCl2
