EEM3213
Tutorial 1: Partial Differentiation
Higher Order Derivatives
f f 2 f 2 f
1. For each of the following functions, calculate and . Show that = .
x y xy yx
a) f ( x, y ) = x 3 + 3 x 2 y + xy 2 + 4 y 3 b) f ( x, y ) = x sin( xy)
2. Let f ( x, y, z ) = x 3 y 5 z 7 + xy 2 + y 3 z . Find
a) f xy b) f yz c) f xz d) f xx e) f zyy f) f xxy
g) f zyx h) f xyz
2 z 2 z
3. Show that the function z = e x sin y + e y cos x satisfies + = 0.
x 2 y 2
2z 2z
4. If z = ln x 2 + y 2 , show that + =0.
x 2 y 2
Increments and Linear Approximation
5. Use the exact value f (P ) and the differential df to approximate the value f (Q ) .
a) f ( x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 ; P(3,4) , Q(2.97,4.04)
1
b) f ( x, y ) = ; P(3,6) , Q(3.02,6.05)
1+ x + y
a2
6. The formula z = is used to calculate z from observed values of x and y . If
x2 + y2 − a2
x and y have the same percentage error p , show that the percentage error in z is
approximately − 2 p(1 + z ) .
7. Given P = w 2 hd . If errors of up to 1% are possible in the measured values of w, h and d ,
calculate the maximum possible percentage error in the calculated values of P .
1
−
8. If = KHLV , where k is a constant, and there are possible errors of 1% in measuring
2
H , L and V , find the maximum possible error in the calculated value of .
ws 3
9. If y = 4 , find the percentage increase in y when w increases by 2%, s decreases by
d
3% and d increases by 1%.
pr 4
10. In a coal processing plant the flow V of a slurry along a pipe is given by V = . If
8 l
r and l both increases by 5%, and p and decrease by 10% and 30% respectively, find
the approximate percentage change in V .
1
The Chain Rule For Partial Derivatives
dw
11. Find by using the chain rule.
dt
a) w = e( − x − y ) ; x = t , y = t b) w = sin xyz ; x = t , y = t 2 , z = t 3
2 2
w w
12. Use chain rule to find and if w = ln( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) , x = s − t , y = s + t , z = 2 st .
s t
13. Falling sand forms a conical sand pile. When the sand pile has a height of 5 ft and its base
radius is 2 ft, its height is increasing at 0.4 ft/min and its base radius is increasing at
0.7ft/min. At what rate is the volume of the sand pile increasing at that moment?
14. The volume V (cm3) and pressure p ( at atmospheres) of n moles of an ideal gas satisfy
the equation pV = nRT , where T is the temperature (in degrees Kelvin) and R = 82.06 .
Suppose that a sample of the gas ha s a volume of 10L when the pressure is 2 atm and the
temperature is 300K . If the pressure is increasing at 1 atm/min and the temperature is
increasing at 10K / min , is the volume of the gas sample increasing or decreasing? At
what rate?
Implicit Differentiation
z z
15. Find and by implicit differentiation.
x y
x2 y2 z 2
a) ye − 5 sin 3 z = 4 z
x
b) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 c) xe xy + ye zx + ze xy = 3
a b c
Extrema of Functions of Several Variables
16. Find all critical points and classify them.
a) f ( x, y) = x 3 − 3xy + y 3 b) f ( x, y) = y 2 + x 2 y + x 2 − 2 y
c) f ( x, y) = e − x − y2
2
Answers
2. a) 15 x 2 y 4 z 7 + 2 y b) 35 x 3 y 4 z 6 + 3 y 2
c) 21x 2 y 5 z 6 d) 6 xy 5 z 7
e) 140 x 3 y 3 z 6 + 6 y f) g) 105 x 2 y 4 z 6 h) 105 x 2 y 4 z 6
5. a) 5.014 b) 0.0993 7. 4%
8. 2.5% 9. y decreases by 11%.
w w
11. a) − (2t + 1)exp(−t 2 − t ) b) 6t 5 cos t 6 12.
2
10. 35% = =
s s + t t
26 14 ye x ex
13. ft 3 / min 14. decreasing at L / min 15. a) ;
5 3 15 cos 3 z + 4 15 cos 3 z + 4
c2 x c2 y e xy + xyexy + yze zx + yze xy x 2e xy + e zx + xze xy
b) − ;− c) − ; −
a 2 z b2 z xyezx + e xy xyezx + e xy
16. a) (0, 0) saddle, (1, 1) local min b) (2, − 1) saddle, (0, 1) local min
c) (0, 0) local min
