STEM280: Exploring Society and Culture via Science Fiction

Annotated Bibliography

Name: Dylan Russell

Course Number: STEM280

Presentation Topic: Neuralink and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

Source #1

Musk, E. (2021). Neuralink Progress Update, Summer 2021. Neuralink

Citation Corporation. Retrieved from [Link]
(in APA format)

In-text Citation
(in APA format) (Musk, 2021)

Neuralink Progress Update, Summer 2021 is a website that provides progress

Summary updates for Neuralink, a company founded by Elon Musk. The source offers
firsthand information about the technical advancements and goals of
Neuralink's brain-machine interface technology. It covers topics such as the
implantation process, system architecture, and potential applications. This
source is highly valuable for gaining insights into the current state of
Neuralink's technology and its implications for the future.

This source is a primary and reliable resource directly from Neuralink

Evaluation Corporation. It provides up-to-date information on the progress of
Neuralink's brain-machine interface technology. As a progress update from
the company, it offers detailed insights into the technical aspects and goals of
the technology. The information covered aligns well with the research topic,
making it a crucial source for understanding the current state and potential
implications of Neuralink's advancements. The website is well-maintained
and regularly updated, ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the
information provided.

Source #2

American Public University System August 2020

 STEM280: Exploring Society and Culture via Science Fiction

Liao, S. M., Grill, W. M., & Hardcastle, V. G. (2012). Ethical issues in brain-
Citation computer interface research, development, and dissemination. Journal of
(in APA format)
Neural Engineering, 9(2), 023001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/9/2/023001
(Liao, Grill, & Hardcastle, 2012)
In-text Citation
(in APA format)
The research article titled "Ethical issues in brain-computer interface
Summary research, development, and dissemination" examines the moral concerns
associated with brain-computer interface (BCI) research and development,
with a particular focus on their potential impact on marginalized populations.
The article addresses issues of equity, access, and the potential exacerbation
of existing disparities. The authors emphasize the importance of considering
the needs and perspectives of under-represented populations in the design
and implementation of brain-machine interface technologies. This source
provides valuable insights into the ethical considerations relevant to under-
represented communities within the context of Neuralink.

This research article published in the Journal of Neural Engineering presents

Evaluation a comprehensive examination of the ethical issues surrounding brain-
computer interface research, development, and dissemination. The authors
bring attention to the potential impact on marginalized populations and
highlight the importance of considering the needs and perspectives of under-
represented communities. The article is well-researched and provides in-
depth analysis, making it a valuable resource for understanding the ethical
considerations associated with brain-machine interfaces like Neuralink. The
source is from a reputable journal, ensuring the reliability and credibility of
the information presented.

Source #3

Yuste, R., Goering, S., Arcas, B. A. L., Bi, G., Carmena, J. M., Carter, A., ... &
Citation Halgren, E. (2017). Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI.
(in APA format)
Nature, 551(7679), 159-163. doi: 10.1038/551159a
(Yuste et al., 2017)
In-text Citation
(in APA format)

American Public University System August 2020

 STEM280: Exploring Society and Culture via Science Fiction

The article titled "Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI"
Summary presents a framework of ethical priorities specifically for neurotechnologies,
which includes brain-machine interfaces. The authors address the potential
risks associated with these technologies, such as privacy concerns and their
impact on under-represented populations. They emphasize the importance
of transparency, informed consent, and equitable access for both consumers
and creators of neurotechnologies. This source offers valuable insights into
the ethical considerations relevant to Neuralink and other brain-machine
interfaces.

Published in the prestigious journal Nature, this article presents a

Evaluation comprehensive framework of ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI,
including brain-machine interfaces. The collective expertise of the authors
ensures the credibility and reliability of the information presented. The
article provides valuable insights into the potential risks, such as privacy
concerns and impacts on under-represented populations, associated with
brain-machine interfaces like Neuralink. It emphasizes the importance of
transparency, informed consent, and equitable access, providing a valuable
resource for understanding the ethical considerations surrounding these
technologies.

Source #4

Mak, J. N., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2009). Clinical applications of brain–computer

Citation interfaces: current state and future prospects. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical
(in APA format)
Engineering, 2, 187-199. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2009.2035352

In-text Citation (Mak & Wolpaw, 2009)

(in APA format)
The review article titled "Clinical applications of brain-computer interfaces:
Summary current state and future prospects" provides an overview of the clinical
applications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their potential
prospects. The article discusses various BCIs, their technical aspects, and
their applications in the fields of neurorehabilitation and assistive
technologies. While the article does not directly address under-represented
populations, it offers valuable insights into the clinical use of BCIs and their
potential benefits for diverse patient populations.

American Public University System August 2020

 STEM280: Exploring Society and Culture via Science Fiction

Published in IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, this review article offers

Evaluation a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of brain-
computer interfaces (BCIs) in clinical applications. The authors, Mak and
Wolpaw, are recognized experts in the field, ensuring the credibility of the
information presented. While the article does not directly address under-
represented populations, it provides valuable insights into the technical
aspects and potential benefits of BCIs in neurorehabilitation and assistive
technologies. This source will be beneficial for understanding the clinical
applications of BCIs and their potential implications for diverse patient
populations.

Source #5

Chaudhary, U., Birbaumer, N., & Ramos-Murguialday, A. (2016). Brain-

Citation computer interfaces for communication and rehabilitation. Nature Reviews
(in APA format)
Neurology, 12(9), 513-525. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.113
(Chaudhary, Birbaumer, & Ramos-Murguialday, 2016)
In-text Citation
(in APA format)
The review article titled "Brain-computer interfaces for communication and
Summary rehabilitation" provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with
a focus on their applications in communication and rehabilitation. The article
explores the technical aspects of BCIs, their potential impact on individuals
with disabilities, and their ability to restore lost function in patients affected
by conditions such as strokes. It offers valuable insights into the capabilities
and implications of BCIs for enhancing communication and facilitating
rehabilitation.

American Public University System August 2020

 STEM280: Exploring Society and Culture via Science Fiction

Published in Nature Reviews Neurology, this review article by Chaudhary,

Evaluation Birbaumer, and Ramos-Murguialday offers a comprehensive overview of
brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for communication and rehabilitation
purposes. The authors are reputable experts in the field, adding credibility to
the information presented. The article discusses the technical aspects of BCIs
and highlights their potential benefits for individuals with disabilities,
including stroke patients. It provides valuable insights into the capabilities of
BCIs and their potential implications for restoring lost function and improving
communication. This source will be significant in understanding the
applications and impact of BCIs in the context of Neuralink's brain-machine
interface technology.

American Public University System August 2020