B.A./[Link].

PART-I
FIRST SEMESTER

GEOGRAPHY

Scheme

Theory:
Two papers Minimum pass marks: 29 Maximum marks: 80
Paper-I 3 hours duration 40 marks
Paper-II 3 hours duration 40 marks
Internal Minimum pass marks: 05 Maximum marks: 15

Practical (Arts & Science):

Minimum pass marks: 07 Maximum marks: 20

PAPER-I : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

(With Special Reference to Geomorphology)

UNIT-I

(a) The place of Geomorphology in Physical Geography.

(b) Solar system, Origin of the Earth: Nebular hypothesis, tidal hypothesis, Big Bang theory.

(c) Physical and chemical state of the interior of the earth: structure and zone.

(d) Alfred Wegner’s theory of continental drift.

(e) Plate tectonics.

UNIT- II

(a) Isostasy.

(b) Theories of mountain building: Joly, Kober and Arthur Holmes.

(c) Rocks: their types and characteristics.

UNIT-III

(a) Weathering and soil formation.

(b) Earth movements: diastrophism- faults and folds.

(c) Earthquakes.

(d) Volcanoes: causes and landforms.

UNIT-IV

(a) Cycle of erosion- W.M. Davis and Walther Penck.

(b) Fluvial landforms.

(c) Karst landforms.

UNIT-V

(a) Glacial landforms.

(b) Aeolian landform.

(c) Coastal landforms.

Books recommended:

1. Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Hodder & Stoughton, London,1960.

2. Trewartha G.T., Robinson, A.H. and Hammond, E.H.: Fundamentals of Physical Geography, McGraw-
Hill Book Co., Inc., New York.

3. Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Pravalika Publication, Prayagraj.

4. Small, R.J.: The study of landforms, McGraw Hill, New York,1985.

5. Steers J.A.: The Unstable Earth, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Strahler, A.N.: Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley, Revised 1992.

7. Strahler, A.H. and Strahler, A.N.: Introducing Physical Geography, Wiley India.

8. Khullar, D.R.: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

9. Wooldrige, S.W. & Morgan , R.S.: The Physical basis of Geography- An outline of Geomorphology,
Longman, 1959.

10. Alka Gautam: Physical Geography (Hindi), Rastogi Publication, Meerut.

11. Hess, Darrel and Mcknight, Tom : Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, Pearson.
12. Lal, D. S.: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

13. Whittow, John B.:The Penguin Dictionary of Physical Geography, Penguin Reference.

14. Bunnett, R.B. and Parihar, Seema Mehra : Physical Geography in Diagrams, Pearson India.

15. Leong, Goh Cheng : Certificate Physical and Human Geography, OUP, Oxford India.

16. Bryant, Richard H.: Physical Geography, Rupa : Made Simple Books.

17. Jat, B. C.: Physical Geography (Hindi), Malik & Co., Jaipur.

18. Siddhartha, K.: Physical Geography, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, First Edition, 2017.

19. Lake, Philip : Physical Geography, Cambridge University Press.

20. Thornbury, William D.: Principles of Geomorphology, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi,
Third Edition, 2018.

21. Worcestor, Philip G.: A Textbook of Geomorphology, Affiliated East-West Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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PAPER-II: GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES

UNIT-I

Geography of Resources: Introductory. Meaning, nature and components of resources. Resources and
environment interface.

UNIT-II

Classification of resources: renewable and non-renewable, biotic (forests, wild-life, livestock, fisheries
and agricultural crops) and abiotic (water, land and minerals).

UNIT- III

Distribution and utilization of minerals and energy resources; their economic and environmental
significance. Major soil types and their distribution; Problems of soil erosion and soil conservation.
 UNIT-IV

Types and distribution of forests, flora, fauna and fisheries; their economic and environmental
significance. Conservation of forest resources.

UNIT-V

Distribution and utilization of water; water harvesting- need; forms of water; ground water- utility;
storing rain water for direct use; economic and environmental significance.

Books Recommended:

1. Alexander, J.W. and Hartshorn, T.A.: Economic Geography, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi,
1988.

2. Brown, L.R.: In the Human Interest; East-West Press, New Delhi, 1976.

3. Janaki, V.A.: Economic Geography, Concept Pub. Co., New Delhi, 1985.

4. Leong, G.C. and Morgan, G.C. : Human and Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, London,
1982.

5. Simmons, I.G. : The Ecology of Natural Resources, Hodder Arnold, London, 1974.

6. Negi, B.S.: Geography of Resources (Hindi & English), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

7. Gurjar, R.K. and Jat, B.C. : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Panchsheel Prakasan, Malik & Co.,
Jaipur.

8. Gautam, Alka : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

9. Gautam, Alka : Geography of Resources, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

10. Kaushik, S. D. and Gautam, Alka : Sansadhan Bhoogol (Hindi), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

11. Guha, J.L. and Chattoraj, P.R.: A New Approach to Economic Geography, The World Press Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkata.

12. Rao, B.P. : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

13. Singh, Jagdish : Sansadhan Bhoogol (Hindi), Gyanodaya Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

14. Zimmermann, Erich Walter and Hunker, Henry L.: Introduction to World Resources, Harper and Row,
1964.

15. Zimmermann, Erich Walter : World Resources and Industries, Harper and Row, Third Edition, 1972.
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PRACTICAL

Scheme: 6 periods per week per batch of 40 students.

Arts & Science Practical: Minimum pass marks: 07 Maximum marks: 20

Distribution of marks: Arts & Science

1. Lab work: 2 hrs duration 10

2. Field survey & viva-voce: 2 hr duration 3+2=05

3. Record work & viva- voce: 2 hr duration 3+2=05

Total 20

Note: Three questions to be attempted out of five questions and 40 candidates be examined in one
batch.

CONTENTS:
1. Scale- Plain, Comparative and Diagonal.

2. Enlargement, Reduction and Combination of Maps.

3. Chain-Tape Survey.

4. Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation.

Books recommended:

1. Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R. : Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London, 1994.

2. Singh, R.L. and Singh, Rana P.B.: Elements of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.

3. Sharma, J.P.: Prayogatmak Bhoogol ki Rooprekha (Hindi), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

4. Mamoria C.B. & Jain S.M. : Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.

5. Singh, L.R.: Fundamentals of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad.

6. Mishra, R.N. and Sharma, P.K.: Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Pareek Publications, Jaipur.

7. Khullar, D.R.: Essentials of Practical Geography (Hindi & English).

8. Singh, Gopal: Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House, Noida.

9. Tiwari, R.C. and Tripathi, Sudhakar : Abhinav Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Pravalika Publication, Prayagraj.

10. Raisz, Erwin : General Cartography, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

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B.A./[Link]. PART-I
SECOND SEMESTER

GEOGRAPHY

Scheme

Theory:
Two papers Minimum pass marks: 29 Maximum marks: 80
Paper-I 3 hours duration 40 marks
Paper-II 3 hours duration 40 marks
Internal Minimum pass marks: 5 Maximum marks: 15

Practical (Arts & Science):

Minimum pass marks: 07 Maximum marks: 20

PAPER-I : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

(Climatology and Oceanography)

Note: The question paper will be divided into three sections.

Section A shall contain 10 questions in all (two questions from each unit). Each question shall carry 1
mark. All 10 questions are compulsory. Word limit shall be 50 words.

Section B shall contain 10 questions in all (two questions from each unit). Candidates have to attempt 5
questions by selecting 1 question from each unit. Each question shall carry 3 marks. Word limit 200
words.

Section C shall contain 5 questions (one from each unit). Candidates have to attempt any three
questions. Each question shall carry 5 marks. Word limit 500 words.

UNIT-I

(a) Composition and layers of atmosphere.

(b) Insolation and heat budget.

(c) Temperature.

UNIT- II

(a) Pressure and winds.

(b) Jet stream.

(c)Precipitation.

UNIT-III

(a) Air masses and fronts.

(b) Cyclones- tropical and temperate.

(c) Climatic types, Koeppen’s climatic classification.

UNIT-IV

(a) Configuration of ocean bottom.

(b) Distribution of temperature and salinity in oceanic water.

(c) Ocean currents and tides.

UNIT-V

(a) Marine deposits.

(b) Coral reefs and Atolls: types and their origin according to Darwin, Murray and Daly.

(c) Impact of anthropogenic activities on marine environment.

Books recommended:

1. Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Hodder & Stoughton, London,1960.

2. Trewartha G.T., Robinson, A.H. and Hammond, E.H.: Fundamentals of Physical Geography, McGraw-
Hill Book Co., Inc., New York.

3. Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Pravalika Publications, Prayagraj.

4. Small, R.J.: The study of landforms, McGraw Hill, New York,1985.

5. Steers J.A.: The Unstable Earth, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Strahler, A.N.: Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley, Revised 1992.

7. Strahler, A.H. and Strahler, A.N.: Introducing Physical Geography, Wiley India.

8. Khullar, D.R.: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

9. Wooldrige, S.W. & Morgan , R.S.: The Physical basis of Geography- An outline of Geomorphology,
Longman, 1959.

10. Alka Gautam: Physical Geography (Hindi), Rastogi Publication, Meerut.

11. Hess, Darrel and Mcknight, Tom : Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, Pearson.

12. Lal, D. S.: Physical Geography (Hindi & English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

13. Whittow, John B.:The Penguin Dictionary of Physical Geography, Penguin Reference.

14. Bunnett, R.B. and Parihar, Seema Mehra : Physical Geography in Diagrams, Pearson India.

15. Leong, Goh Cheng : Certificate Physical and Human Geography, OUP, Oxford India.

16. Bryant, Richard H.: Physical Geography, Rupa : Made Simple Books.

17. Jat, B. C.: Physical Geography (Hindi), Malik & Co., Jaipur.

18. Siddhartha, K.: Physical Geography, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, First Edition, 2017.

19. Lake, Philip : Physical Geography, Cambridge University Press.

20. Critchfield, Howard J.: General Climatology, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, Fourth Edition.

21. Trewartha, Glenn T.: An Introduction to Climate, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1980.

22. Barry, Roger G. and Chorley, Richard J.: Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, Routledge, London and
New York, Nineth Edition, 2010.
23. Singh, Savindra: Climatology and Oceanography (Hindi & English), Pravalika Publications, Prayagraj.

24. Lal, D. S.: Climatology and Oceanography (Hindi & English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

25. Garrison, Tom and Ellis, Robert : Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science, National
Geographic Learning, Cengage Learning, Boston, USA, Tenth Edition, 2022.

26. Trujillo, Alan P. and Thurman, Harold, V.: Essentials of Oceanography, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi,
Tenth Edition, 2011.

27. Sharma, R.C. and Vatal, M.: Oceanography for Geographers, Surjeet Publications, Delhi., 2018.

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PAPER-II : MAN AND ENVIRONMENT

Note: The question paper will be divided into three sections.

Section A shall contain 10 questions in all (two questions from each unit). Each question shall carry 1
mark. All 10 questions are compulsory. Word limit shall be 50 words.

Section B shall contain 10 questions in all (two questions from each unit). Candidates have to attempt 5
questions by selecting 1 question from each unit. Each question shall carry 3 marks. Word limit shall be
200 words.

Section C shall contain 5 questions (one from each unit). Candidates have to attempt any three
questions. Each question shall carry 5 marks. Word limit shall be 500 words.

UNIT-I

Meaning, nature and components of environment. Classification of environment: Natural and Human.
Environment and quality of life.

UNIT-II
Man-environment inter-relations with respect to population size, types of economy and technology.
Impact of anthropogenic activities on environment.

UNIT- III

Environmental pollution – water, air, land, noise and radioactive- causes, impact and measures of
control.

UNIT-IV

Environmental management: Forest, soil and wild-life and its awareness; environmental education,
problems and its planning.

UNIT-V

Deforestation. Climate change and global warming. Sustainable Development.

Books Recommended:

1. Agrawal, A. et al. : The Citizen’s Fifth Report , Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, 1999.

2. Allen, J.L.: Students Atlas of Environmental Issues, McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, 1997.

3. Brown, L.R.: In the Human Interest; East-West Press, New Delhi, 1976.

4. Global Environmental Outlook, UNEP (Latest).

5. Simmons, I.G. : The Ecology of Natural Resources, Hodder Arnold, London, 1974.

6. Srivastava, V.K.: Paryavaraniya Bhoogol avm Paristhitiki Vikas, Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

7. Savindra Singh: Environmental Geography (Hindi & English), Pravalika Publications, Prayagraj.

8. Kaswan, N.R.: Man and Environment (Hindi & English), Malik & Co., Jaipur.

9. Gurjar, R.K. and Jat, B.C. : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Panchsheel Prakasan, Malik & Co.,
Jaipur.

10. Gautam, Alka : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

11. Khullar, D. R. and Rao, J.A.C.S.: Environment and Ecology (Hindi & English), Tata McGraw Hill
Education (India).
12. Bharucha, Erach : Textbook of Environmental Studies, UGC.

13. Rao, B.P. : Resources and Environment (Hindi), Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

14. Singh, Jagdish : Pariyavaran avm Samvikas (Hindi), Gyanodaya Prakashan, Gorakhpur.

15. Sharma, P.D.: Ecology and Environment (Hindi & English), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

16. Saxena, H.M.: Environmental Geography (Hindi & English), Rawat Publications, Jaipur.

17. Annual Report (Hindi & English) – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India
(Latest Edition).

18. IPCC – Climate Change 2023 Report.

19. Rajgopalan, A.: Environment and Ecology: A Complete Guide (Hindi & English), OakBridge Publishing
Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram.

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PRACTICAL

Scheme: 6 periods per week per batch of 40 students.

Arts & Science Practical: Minimum pass marks: 07 Maximum marks: 20

Distribution of marks: Arts & Science

1. Lab work: 2 hrs duration 10

2. Survey Report & viva- voce: 3+2=05

3. Record work & viva- voce: 2 hr duration 3+2=05

Total 20

Note: Three exercises to be attempted out of five exercises and 40 candidates be examined in one
batch.

CONTENTS:
1. Methods of representation of relief- Hachures, Hill shading, Layer tint, Contours etc. Relief features-
types of slopes, valleys, waterfall, gorge, meanders, plateaus, conical hill, ridge, saddle, cliff, spur, col,
pass to be drawn with the help of contours shown in topographical sheets of different physiographic
regions,

2. Kinds of Profiles, Profile drawing.

3. Study of topographical sheets, scheme of Indian topographical sheets.

4. Study of a village, based on socio- economic field survey. Report will be prepared by the students
separately.

Note: Geographical Field Excursion.

Books recommended:
1. Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R. : Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London, 1994.

2. Singh, R.L. and Singh, Rana P.B.: Elements of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.

3. Sharma, J.P.: Prayogatmak Bhoogol ki Rooprekha (Hindi), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

4. Mamoria C.B. & Jain S.M. : Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Sahitya Bhawan, Agra.

5. Singh, L.R.: Fundamentals of Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad.

6. Mishra, R.N. and Sharma, P.K.: Practical Geography (Hindi and English), Pareek Publications, Jaipur.

7. Khullar, D.R.: Essentials of Practical Geography (Hindi & English).

8. Singh, Gopal: Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House, Noida.

9. Tiwari, R.C. and Tripathi, Sudhakar : Abhinav Prayogatmak Bhoogol, Pravalika Publication, Prayagraj.

10. Raisz, Erwin : General Cartography, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

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