8 Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 3
Visual Graphic Design
The Elements of Design
(Size, Typography and Color)
GOVERNMENT PROP
NOT FOR SA
Technical Vocational Education – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – The Elements of Design (Size, Typography and Color)
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education - Region III
Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer / Illustrator / Layout Artist / Editors:
Dante D. Vermon Jr.
Rechman V. Avila
Content Evaluator: Nica Marie B. Magisa
Language Evaluator: Lizette DC. Eladia
Layout Evaluator: Maria Nimfa M. Concepcion
Management Team: Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
Joel I. Vasallo, PhD
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Gracia
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan
Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
E-mail address:
[email protected] 8
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 3
Visual Graphic Design
The Elements of Design
(Size, Typography and Color)
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can continue your
studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions
are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator
or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each
module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about the fundamentals
of Visual Graphic Design. It will also help you better understand the nature of work of a
Graphic designer.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the different elements of design;
2. describe the different types of size, typography and color; and
3. realize the importance of using size, typography and color.
Directions Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
: write on the provided answer sheet.
1. These colors are made by mixing two primary colors.
a. primary color c. tertiary color
b. secondary color d. warm color
2. The physical dimensions of an object.
a. font b. size c. type d. scale
3. The complete set of type of one style and size.
a. font b. type c. size d. scale
4. This is typically known as hue.
a. color b. font c. style d. attribute
5. This is the harmony of scale.
a. size c. proportion
b. color d. scale
6. This is the typography or text. It is also one of the most important tools for a graphic
designer.
a. color c. font
b. scale d. type
7. This is the shade of color.
a. hue b. saturation c. value d. color
8. This is how brilliant the color is.
a. hue b. saturation c. value d. font
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9. This is the lightness or darkness of color.
a. hue b. saturation c. value d. type
10. It is a software typeface that can generate a scalable range of font sizes.
a. type b. vector c. bitmap d. outline font
11. It is a color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the field of art.
a. color wheel b. color type c. color art d. color font
12. It used to apply pairs of colors opposite to each other on the color wheel.
a. complementary c. triad
b. square d. analogous
13. These are bright and energetic (red, orange and yellow) which tend to advance in space.
a. dark colors b. warm colors c. light colors d. cool colors
14. These are colors that give an impression of calmness and serenity.
a. light colors b. cool colors c. dark colors d. font colors
15. It is a sentence using every letter of the alphabet at least once.
a. Typeface b. Color c. Typography d. Pangram
In the previous lesson, we have been introduced the Point, Lines, Shapes, Forms
Pattern, Texture and Space as part of the elements of design. In a one whole bond paper,
illustrate or cut three (3) pictures of the following elements of design.
Directions: Read the subject matter below and help Brucebrush gain the necessary skills
in combining the size, typography and color as part of the elements of design.
Let us analyze the lesson.
“Creating beautiful design is about more than motivation or a great
idea, its about understanding the elements of design.”
Although it’s possible to spend years studying the distinctions of
design and varying on how to be successful at it, there are a handful, or two,
of basic elements that every designer should know before starting any
project. Design elements have an impact on how a piece of work is perceived,
executed and used.
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The elements of design create every object around us. Nothing can exist without
these ingredients. The discipline of learning the power of these elements and formatting
them within the power of these elements and formatting them within the principles of design
is the responsibility of the designer.
“In order to understand the aesthetic in its ultimate and approved forms, one must
begin with it in the raw; in the events and scenes that hold the eye and ear.”
- John Dewey
American Philosopher
& Psychologist
Elements of Design
SIZE
Size is how large or small something is. It is very important in making a layout
functional, attractive and organized.
It shows what is most important, attracts attention, helps to fit the layout together,
and creates visual interest in a design. Playing with the size of the objects, shapes, types
and other elements add interest and emphasis. The amount of variation will depend heavily
on the content. Size, scale and proportion are all related concepts.
Size: the physical dimensions of an object
Scale: the relative size of different objects or of an object to a common
standard
Proportion: harmony of scale
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All three are naturally interrelated concepts. When scale is in harmony, it’s in
proportion. The relative size of elements works. Proportion helps create unity in a design.
Size, scale and proportion are design elements that allow us to manipulate the ideas of
many different design principles. Learn to see what messages are communicated by using
them in different and interesting ways.
TYPOGRAPHY
Typography a typeface (also known as font family) is a set one or more fonts each
composed of glyphs that share common design features. Each font of a typeface has a
specific weight, style, condensation, width, slant, italicization, ornamentation and designer or
foundry (and formerly size, in metal fonts).
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Type – Typography or text is one of the most important tools for a graphic designer.
Typography can take you back to a different time, set a mood, set a tone of voice, organize
pages, create unity between objects.
Fonts a complete set of type of one style and size. Also called fount. A set of glyphs
(images) representing the characters from some particular size and typeface. The image of
each character may be coded it her as a bitmap (in a bitmap font) or by a higher – level
description in terms of lines and areas (an outline font).
An Outline Font is a software typeface that can generate a scalable range of font
sizes. A Bitmap Font is a digital representation of a font that is already fixed in size or a
limited set of sizes.
Knowing the differences
*Not mentioned are Blackletters, Gaelic, Dingbats, Non-western and many others.
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What’s it saying?
Conveying the right message.
Common styles
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*TIP: Limit yourself to a minimum of 3 well contrasting typefaces.
* A PANGRAM is a sentence using every letter of the alphabet at least once.
Typefaces can contain a myriad of different symbols.
A-Z a-z Letters
0-9 Numerals
!?/ Punctuation
♥ Icons
Type Anatomy
1 Ascender Height 4 Baseline
2 X-Xheight 5 Capital Letter
3 Descender Height 6 Under-case letter
*95% of graphic design is Typography.
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Perhaps the single most important part of graphic and web design is
typography. Like color, texture and shapes the fonts you use tell readers. Words are
important, but the style of the words is equally essential.
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Typography needs to be legible and readable at different sizes. Typographic scale
creates hierarchy in information. Scaling the space between lines of type creates a vertical
rhythm through your text.
COLOR
Color typically known as hue. This word represents a specific color or light
wavelength found in the color spectrum, ranging circularly from red to yellow, green, blue
and back to red.
Color and colour are different spellings of the same word. Color is the preferred
spelling in American English, and colour is preferred in all other main varieties of English.
Color can be objectively described in a number of ways. One of the most common
methods is using the HSB model:
Hue (the actual color) the shade of color
Saturation (the strength or intensity, or how far it’s removed from gray) how
brilliant the color is
Brightness (how dark or light) lightness or darkness of the color
Remember to contrast hue, saturation and value in a way that makes your text easy
to read. A good way to tell if your colors have enough contrast is to view your design in
grayscale.
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The Color Wheel a color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the
field of art. Sir Isaac Newton developed the first circular diagram of colors in 1666. Since
then, scientists and artists have studied and designed numerous variations of this concept.
Differences of options about the validity of one format over another continue to provoke
debate. In reality, any color circle or color wheel which presents a logically arranged
sequence of pure hues has merit.
There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel. We
begin with a 3-part color wheel.
Three Categories of Colors
Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue
In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments), primary colors are the 3
pigment colors that cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors.
All other colors are derived from these 3 hues.
Secondary Colors: Green, orange and violet
These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.
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Tertiary Colors: Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green and
yellow-green
These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. That’s why
the hue is a two-word name, such as blue-green, red-violet and yellow-orange.
The color wheel can be divided into warm and cool colors.
Warm colors are bright and energetic and tend to advance in space.
RED ORANGE YELLOW
Cool colors give an impression of calmness and serenity.
GREEN BLUE VIOLET
Note: White, black and gray are Neutral Colors.
*For those who have smartphones and using
the internet, you may scan the QR code to
view more examples on How to Use a
Color Wheel to Find a Color Combo.
Color Scheme – is commonly defined as an arrangement or combination of colors,
especially as used in interior decoration.
Learning to use the basics of color effectively can be a powerful design element. The
six types of color scheme are as follows:
1. Complementary Color Scheme
o Complementary colors are pairs of colors opposite to each other on
the color wheel.
o Complementary colors are not advisable for text.
o Examples: Red and Green
2. Analogous Color Scheme
o Analogous color scheme is composed of three colors that are next to
each other on the color wheel.
o They usually match well and create comfortable and soothing designs.
o Examples: Blue Green, Green and Yellow Green
3. Triadic Color Scheme
o A triadic color scheme is consisting of three colors that are equally
spaced around the color wheel.
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o These colors should be carefully balanced, let one color dominate and
use the two others for accent.
o Examples: Violet, Orange and Green
4. Split-Complementary Color Scheme
o The split-complementary color scheme is a variety of the
complementary color scheme. It consists of three colors, a base color
and two colors adjacent to its complement.
o This color scheme is often a good choice for beginners.
o Examples: Red Violet, Red Orange and Green
5. Rectangle (Tetradic) Color Scheme
o The rectangle or tetradic color scheme is consist of four colors
arranged into two complementary pairs in a shape of rectangle.
o This color scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation.
o Examples: Red, Orange, Green and Blue
6. Square Color Scheme
o The square color scheme is consisting of four colors spaced equally
around the color wheel like the rectangle.
o This color scheme works best if you let one color be dominant.
o Examples: Red, Yellow Orange, Green and Blue Violet
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*For those who have smartphones and using the
internet, you may scan the QR code to view What is a
Color Scheme: Definitions, Types and Examples.
Finally, we are now at the end of the topic. We are now
ready for more activities and assessments. We also
contributed the elements of design like size,
typography and color.
Notes to the Teacher
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The activities in this module are arranged in a manner of learning progression.
This means that activities are written from a simple to complex manner to help the
learners gradually learn the learning competency.
Independent Activity 1
Label Me.
Directions: Label the type of anatomy. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Independent Assessment 1
Knowing the differences
Directions: Draw the following basic kinds of typeface below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
______1. ______4.
______2.
______5.
______3.
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Independent Activity 2
Shade me Up.
Directions: Using any coloring materials shade the objects correctly below with the
appropriate color inside the illustrations. You may use a separate sheet for
your answer.
WARM COLORS
COOL COLORS
Independent Assessment 2
Color me Up.
Directions: Color the objects correctly with the appropriate color inside the
illustration below. You may use any coloring materials. Use a separate
sheet for your answer.
PRIMARY COLORS
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SECONDARY COLORS
TERTIARY COLORS
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With all the information presented before you, what have you learned about size,
typography and color? Write them in the box provided on the answer sheet.
I have learned that the size is…
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I have learned that the typography is…
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I have learned that the color is…
_______________________________________________________________________
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Directions: For the month of March our school encourage youths like you to join the
“Fire Prevention Month” campaign. Create a poster to inspire our
Firemen to acknowledge their hardworking efforts, sacrifices and
services to our community. Design your poster using the elements of
design and techniques that you have just learned. Write also an
inspiring message that will give positive vibes and impact.
Mechanics:
Theme: “Fire Prevention Campaign”
Original creation of your poster.
Materials: 1 Oslo Paper, Pencil, Pentel Pens, Oil Pastel Colors, Crayons or any
available coloring materials. Paper orientation can be Portrait or Landscape. Words or text
(Maximum of 3 sentences).
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Select Me.
Directions: Read the following statements carefully and complete the color equations
below. Select your answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What color would result in combining yellow and blue?
(Orange, Violet, Green)
Yellow Blue
2. What color would result in combining red and blue?
(Violet, Green, Orange)
Red Blue
3. What color would result in combining yellow and red?
(Green, Orange, Violet)
Yellow Red
4. What color would result in combining green and blue?
(Blue Violet, Red Violet, Blue Green)
Green Blue
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5. What color would result in combing violet and blue?
(Orange, Violet, Green)
Violet Blue
Shade Me.
Directions: You may use any coloring materials. Shade the appropriate color correctly
in the wheel. Use a separate sheet for your answer.
1. TRIADIC 2. SPLIT-COMPLEMENTARY
3. RECTANGLE 4. ANALOGOUS
5. SQUARE 6. COMPLEMENTARY
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Directions: Using any coloring materials. Label and shade the sunrays based on the
color wheel. Using a straight line, divide and label the sunray wheel which
side is warm and which side consists of cool colors. Use a separate sheet
for your answer.
VISUAL
GRAPHIC
DESIGN
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References
What I Know Assessment
1. B Select Me.
2. B
3. A 1. Green
4. A 2. Violet
5. C 3. Orange
6. D 4. Blue Green
7. A 5. Blue Violet
8. B
9. C Shade Me.
10. D
11. A Additional Activity
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. D
What’s In
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Label Me.
1. Ascender Height
2. X-Xheight
3. Descender Height
4. Baseline
5. Capital Letter
Independent Assessment 1
Knowing the Differences.
Independent Activity 2
Shade me Up.
Independent Assessment 2
Color me Up.
What I have Learned
What I can Do
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Color Matters. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.colormatters.com/color-and-
design/basictheory?utm_source=CMblog&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=10
basic-elements-of-design
Elements of Design. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~meidor/art_101/elements_of_design.html
How to Use a Color Wheel. Accessed March 01, 2021.
https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/how-to-use-a-color-wheel-2821255
Interaction Design Foundation. “Color Theory.” Definition of Color Theory and collection of
topical content and literature. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://www.interaction-
design.org/literature/topics/color-theory
Invision Application. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://www.invisionapp.com/design-
defined/elements-of-design/
Scale and Proportion. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://vanseodesign.com/web-design/size-
scaleproportion/?utm_source=CMblog&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=10-basic-
elements-of-design
Ten Basic Elements of Design. Accessed February 28, 2021.
https://creativemarket.com/blog/10-basic-elements-of-design
Typography Elements. Accessed March 01, 2021.
https://medium.com/gravitdesigner/typography-elements-everyone-needs-to-
understand-5fdea82f470d
Use Elements of Design. Accessed February 28, 2021.
https://www.searchenginepeople.com/blog/use-elements-design-increase-
conversions.html#: ~:text=2.-, Size, it%20will%20stand%20out%20visually
Visual Design Elements and Principles. Accessed by March 01, 2021.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_design_elements_and_principles
Visual Graphics Design NC III Training Regulations. Accessed March 01, 2021.
https://www.tesda.gov.ph/Downloadables/TR%20%20Visual%20Graphic%20Design
%20NC%20III.pdf
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]
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