History of Holy Quran

The Holy Quran is the most widely read book in the history of mankind. It is a book not just to be
read, but to be studied, understood and ultimately revered. According to Islamic scholars, the
revelation of the Quran began in 610 A.D. when the Angel Gabriel appeared to Prophet
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in the cave Hira near Mecca. Angel Gabriel ordered Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) to "read”, but was replied "no”. This happened 2 times after which Gabriel revealed the
first 5 ayaat of Surat-ul-Alaq. Then Rasoolullah (SAW) taught his people the verses he received
as soon as he learned them. Once he taught the people the verses, he told them to put it in
action in their daily life. Immediately after the death of Prophet Muhammad, The caliph Abu Bakr
decided to collect the different chapters and verses into one volume. Thus, a group of reciters,
including Zayd ibn Thabit, collected the chapters and verses and produced several hand-written
copies of the complete book.

Inscription of Holy Quran

The entire Quran was written down in the Prophets (saw) lifetime. When he (SAW) received
revelation he would instruct scribes to written the Ayaat on wood, animal bones, rocks, and
dried palm leaves as papers was not available at that time. After the death of the Holy Prophet
(saw) an imposter called Muslimah announced falsely his own Prophethood. Hazrat Abu Bakr
sent a Muslim expedition against him and a harsh battle took place in 632 A.D during which
hundreds of hafiz were martyred. Under these situations Hazrat Omar Farooque drew attention
of Hazrat Abu Bakr towards the compilation of Holy Quran in one volume. Then Hazrat Abu
Bakr called upon Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit to collect and compile the Quran into one volume. Hazrat
Zaid bin Sabit was an expert of Calligraphist and was a true lover of Holy Quran. He had the
whole Quran by heart. There was no apprehension of lapses of memory about him. Zaid bin
Sabit said would have been easier for him to shift a mountain to do such a task. He collected all
the written parts of the Quran from date leaves, woods and pieces of leather and also listened to
many of the hafiz who recited verses from their memories. After having carefully compared and
cross checked each ayaat, he compiled the written Quran into one single volume and was
handed over to the Hazrat Abu Bakr. After that this copy remained with Hazrat Omar during his
caliphate. After the death of Hazrat Omar, the Quranic volume was passed into the custody of
his wife Hazrat Hafsah.

Allah almighty had revealed for the guidance of mankind has been divided into two categories.

Wahee-a-Matlu: It means the revelation which God has transmitted in His own words and
speech. It may be conveyed through a voice that is heard, or an actual messenger, usually the
angel Gabriel, who himself appears. It is essential that such revealed words should be recited in
the same accent, diction and pronunciation as they were revealed. Thus even after 1400 years
Quran has remained unchanged.

Wahee-e-Ghair Matlu: It is the revelation which Allah projected in the heart of the Holy Prophet.
These are not the words of the Almighty, but the Holy Prophet (PBUH) transmitted these
revealed edicts to the people in his own words. For example, in case of describing the Sunnat of
the Prophet Muhammad and his deed the use of own words are permissible.

Life of Prophet (P.B.U.H) in Makah

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Makkah on 9 or 12 Rabi Al-Awal 571 A.D. He belongs
to Quraish tribe and Banu Hashim Family. His mother name is Bibi Aminah and His father name
is Abdullah bin Abdul Mutalib. Prophet Muhammad lived in Mecca for the first 52 years of his life
(570–622 A.D).

Childhood: Prophet Muhammad‟s father died before his birth. Hoy Prophet fed first on his
mother‟s milk and thereafter by Thobia, a slave girl belonging to Abu Lahab. According to
custom of those days, soon after his birth Muhammad was sent to live with a Bedouin family in
the desert, as the desert life was considered healthier for infants. But wet-nurses refused to take
him because of Muhammad was Fatherless, fearing that it would not be profitable to take care
of an orphan. However, he was accepted by Bibi Halima, a wet-nurse who had found no child to
take care of. Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed with Halima for 2 or 3 years. Prophet
Muhammad PBUH stayed with his mother only for two years. His mother died at Abwa when he
was six years old. Then his grandfather Abdul Mutalib took him in his care. When Prophet
Muhammad was at age of eight years, his grandfather was passed away. At the age of 12 years
Prophet Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile journey to Syria.

Battle of Fajjar: Among all the battles that raged continuously in Arabia till the rise of Islam, the
battle is the most famous battle, this took place between the Quraish and Banu Qais. The
Standard bearer of the Banu Hashim was the Zubair bin Abdul Mutalib and in the same
formation, the Holy Prophet was also present and his age was only 15 years. The Quraish
emerged victorious and ultimately the battle ended in a peace treaty. In this war Quraish were in
the right. The participation of Hazrat Muhammad was only to pile the arrows and give to his
uncle Zubair.

Hilful Fuzool: Actually it is an organization/league which was founded to end the war and
established or maintains the peace. After battle of Fajjar the Quraish realized that the
deterioration of their state and the loss of Mecca's prestige in Arabia were the result of their
inability to solve disagreements, creating internal division. Hence Zubair bin Abdul Mutalib and
Tribes of Zohra and Qaim who gathered in house of Abdullah bin Jadaan and made a proposal
that every one of them would protect the oppressed and no oppressor would be allowed to live
in Mecca. The Hoy Prophet was also a party to this covenant.

Construction of Kaba: The structure of Kaba was without a roof and its height was no more
than the height of man and was placed in a low lying spot. This caused rain water and floods to
enter the precincts of Kaba and damage it. To prevent this it was decided to reconstruction of
Kaba. When the reconstruction was almost done, disagreements arose among the clan leaders
as to who would have the honor of install the Black Stone into place. After such disagreements,
Abu Ummayah bin Mughira was an oldest person gave his opinion that the following morning
the first person to appear on the spot, would be the Arbitrator. Everyone agreed to this proposal.
The first person at that morning was Prophet Muhammad. He (SAW) said that chieftain of
aspiring tribe comes forward and Prophet Muhammad laid down a sheet of cloth and placed the
Black Stone in its centre and chieftains raise it to its destined position. {At 25 Years old, Prophet
traveled once more to Syria to carry the business of Khadijah, with her slave. Khadijah wished
to marry with Prophet PBUH due to his honesty and truthfulness. When they married, Prophet
Muhammad PBUH was twenty-five years old and Khadijah was forty years old}.

Prophethood: There was a cave at a distance of three miles from Makkah called Hira. The
Holy Prophet used to stay there for months and meditate. He would take food and water with
him. Allah Almighty had chosen him as Prophet when He was in the cave of Hira in the month of
Ramadan. One day he was meditating in the cave of Hira suddenly Angle Gabriel appeared and
recited verses from Iqra (Surah Alaq) and said verily you are the Messenger of Allah. Prophet
Muhammad PBUH was forty years old when this happened.

Sunnah: Sunnah is the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent
permissions (or disapprovals) of the Prophet Muhammad. Simply we can define Sunnah as the
deeds or acts of the Holy Prophet and nothing else.

Hadith: The word Hadith is derived from Tahdis which means "To inform". Hadith means every
saying, deed and sermon delivered or an act one in the presence or knowledge of the Holy
Prophet and to which he did not express his dissent is called Hadith.

 Sunnah is always an act of the prophet, while a Hadith is a report of his statement,
act, silent approval or an incident that took place in his life.

 Sunnah has come down to us from generation to generation while Hadith has been
reported, in most cases, by one individual to another.

 Sunnah is always authentic while Hadith can be authentic as well as spurious. Hadith
have been written and interpreted by scholars of Islam. Thus, these are dependent
upon their ways of thinking, their character, and their memory and intellect.

 Sunnah is related with certain aspects of life while Hadith are not confined to certain
aspects of life.

Ruwayate Hadith: This branch of knowledge related to the transmission of Hadith attributed of
the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). In this knowledge we check the background of reporter of
the Hadith. The investigation should be with special reference to his education, Piety and power
of memory. For example, a man who has accused of false statement or any breach of trust has
been proved then his reporting will be rejected.

Derayate Hadith: This branch of knowledge related to the contest of Hadith.

* Testing the syntax and grammar of Arabic because The Holy Prophet himself was "Afsahul
Arab" thus it was not possible for any irregularity or mistake to occur in his speech.

* Any Hadith narrating vulgar and abusing was not considered as words of Holy Prophet.

* Any promise of huge reward for ordinary work will not acceptable because this will be against
the act of Holy Prophet and spirit of Islam.
*Any Hadith which describe the ordinary sins or faults has no remedy and committer would be
sent to Hell. Such Hadith cannot be accepted.

*Any Hadith which give the superiority to a particular Tribe or Nation over others will be rejected
because these are against the dictates of Quran and the instruction of Holy Prophet.

Surah Hujrat
Surah Hujrat is the 49th chapter (Surah) of the Holy Quran. This Surah contains 2 Ruku and 18
verses and was revealed in Makkah. Actually the word Hujrat is the plural form of Hujrah which
means a room or apartment. This is the etiquette that was taught to the people who sat among
the audience of the Holy Prophet or came to visit him. Its intention was that the believers should
treat 'the Holy Prophet with the highest respect and reverence when visiting him and talking to
him. Nobody should raise his voice louder than his: the people should not be unmindful of the
fact that they are addressing the Messenger of Allah, and not a common man, or a person of
equal rank; therefore, there should be a marked difference between one's tone of conversation
with the common people and one's tone of conversation with the Holy Prophet, and no one
should talk to him in a voice louder than his.

This Surah explains the two goals.

1- Muslim community should have proper conduct towards the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H)
For example, When Holy Prophet walking not over passes the Prophet. When Prophet talking
not supervenes him and your voice should not above the voice of Holy Prophet. Hence first five
verse of this Surah about the respect of Holy Prophet.

2- Unity and brotherhood within the Muslim community: Rest verses (6-18) of this Surah
explain the ties of brotherhood within the Muslim community and establish social principles to
maintain its unity, simply means about the morality and ethical. For example Muslim should not
believe in any news blindly and to act according to it, without its confirmation. Mocking and
taunting each other, calling others by nicknames and back biting are the evils which are not only
sins in themselves but they also corrupt the society. It is the duty of Muslim‟s to arrange
reconciliation between quarreling parties and promote the peace.

Life of Prophet in Medina

Prophet Muhammad popularity was seen as threatening by the people in power in Mecca. The
enemy surrounded the house of Holy Prophet but order of Allah Almighty Prophet emerged safe
from there. Muhammad with his company Hazrat Abu Bakr took his followers on a journey from
Mecca to Medina. This journey is called the Hijrah (migration).

Construction of Mosque: The first significant event after the migration of Prophet Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) was the construction of the mosque which built in Quba away 3 miles from Medina.
The land on which the mosque was build was bought from two orphan brothers. The Holy
Prophet (P.B.U.H) and many other prophets themselves worked hard to construct the mosque.
This mosque was known as “Mosque of the Prophet” or Masjid-e-Nabawi. This is the first
mosque in Islam which mentioned by Allah in Holy Quran.

Charter of Medina: Muslim-Jewish relations have been a central issue in that time. Jews were
very powerful and rich tribe in medina. The relationship between these two groups can be
categorized by disagreements, religious difference, bloodshed, and conflicts. The Holy Prophet
felt that there should be a contract between Muslims and Jews as they live in peace and friendly
in future. Following are the terms of Charter of Medina

*System of Blood money and sacrifice would continue. * Jews and Muslims will establish
friendly relations. * Jews will have religious freedom and no can disturb them in religious
activities. * No party will give refuge to Quraish. * If Medina is attacked both parties will
participate. *If Jews or Muslims become involved in a war, then one party will come to aid of
other. *If a party reaches a peace with third party then the second party will include in the truce.

Brother Hood: The emigrant from Mecca had come in a destitute condition. They have left
everything behind the love of Prophet. Their total number was 45. The Holy Prophet decided to
form a bond of brotherhood between Muhajirin and Ansar. Holy Prophet summoned the Ansar
and Muhajirin in the house of Hazrat Ans bin Malik. Prophet turned to Ansar and said you and
muhajir are brothers to each other. Then Ansar gave fifty percent from their property to Muhajir
brothers. The relation of brotherhood was so sound. If any Ansar compassion died, his Muhajir
brother also inherited his wealth.

The Treaty of Hudaibiyah: This is the treaty of peace between Muhammad Ibn Abdullah and
Suhayl ibn Amr. One night Prophet Muhammad had a dream in which he saw that he and his
companions were entering in Mecca to perform the 'Tawaf '(circumambulation), but the infidel
Arabs were trying to obstruct their entrance. Following the dream, he decided to go to Mecca
with some 1500 Muslims to perform the pilgrimage. It was in the sixth year of the Hijra, and
when the party arrived at a place called Hudaibiyah, the infidels confronted them and blocked all
routes to Mecca. After some deliberations the infidels and the Prophet concluded a treaty.
Following are the points of treaty, *this year the Muslims will go back without entering Makkah.
But next year Muhammad and his followers can enter Makkah, spend three days and perform
the Umrah. * No fighting for the next 10 years. * Any person or tribe who wishes to join
Muhammad and to enter into any agreement with him is free to do so. Likewise any person or
tribe who wishes to join the Quraish and to enter into any agreement with them is free to do so.
* 3. If any Makkan went to Madinah, then Muslims would return him to Makkah, but if any
Muslim from Madinah went to Makkah, he would not be returned.

Conquest of Makkah: After the Truce of Hudaibiyah, Bani Bakr became an ally of Quraish
while Bani Khuzaa sided with the Muslims. As per the Truce, no party shall attack on other party
directly or indirectly. But Bani Bakr attacked Bani Khuzaa, while they were asleep. Quraish also
helped them and provided weapons and also some chiefs took part in the attack. Thus they
broke the Truce of Hudaibiyah. The Prophet sent a man to Makkah to confirm the news and
giving them three options. *Blood money of those who killed. *Quraish withdraws their support
from Banu Bakr. *It should announce that Treat of Hudaibiyah is at end. On 8 Hijra, the ten
thousand army of Islam gathered and become ready to attack the Quraish under the command
of Holy Prophet. On reaching Mecca Prophet said whoever lays down his arms or get shelter in
Abu Sufyan house or enters the precincts of Kaba is safe. After conquest of Makkah, Holy
Prophet destroyed all the idols around the Kaba. Then Holy Prophet offered prayer along with
Hazrat Bilal and Usman (R.A).

Islamic Law
Islam has given the most comprehensive legal system to mankind. Islam has its own personal,
civil, criminal, evidence and international law. The Islamic law is referred to as “Shariah”.
Shariah is derived from the Quran and Hadith and applied to the public and private lives of
Muslims within Islamic states. Islamic law is a code of basic principles which determine the
relationship between man and God on one hand and among the individuals themselves. It
prescribes the limits to do or not do certain things

Sources of Shariah: Sources of Islamic Law divided into two categories

Primary sources comprised the Quran and Sunnah, Secondary sources which are Ijma or
Qiyas.

Quran: Quran is one of the primary sources of Islamic law. It includes many commandments,
rules and principles for the behavior and relations of individuals in the society. Most of its
principles are general in nature though some of them are well defined. The words of Quran are
final and no one can change its text.

Sunnah: Equally important The Sunnah is also primary source of Islamic law is the Sunnah or
path or way of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Sunnah consists of the sayings, deeds and
words of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) which are not revelations of the Quran. In order to
understand the teachings of Quran, the understanding of Sunnah is compulsory.

Ijma (Consensus): Ijma means agreeing upon or uniting in opinion. It is defined as the
consensus of the jurists of a certain period over a religious matter. Ijma can operate only where
the Quran and Sunnah have not clarified a certain aspect of law. It is considered a sufficient
means for action because the Prophet of Islam said, “My community will not agree on an error”.
For example, the institution of khilafat is established on the basis of Ijma among the Islamic
jurists.

Qiyas (Analogy): Qiyas is essentially a tool of interpretation and is not a mean to alter the
existing law but can only be used to find a legal principle in conformity with Quran and Sunnah
for a new factual situation. For example from wine, the jurists concluded and generalized that all
things causing unconsciousness are prohibited by Islam.

Ijtihad: It is also secondary source of Islamic Law. Ijtihad means “individual reasoning”. It
involves both the knowledge of the rules of Islamic law and the exercise of one‟s judgment. It is
the interpretation of principles and provisions of Quran and Hadith by faqeeh or imam. In this
regard we can find four imams who formed different school of thought by interpreting the Quran
and Sunnah by study and research.

Islamic Jurisprudence
General perception of jurisprudence is that we talk about laws and its philosophy behind it and
the systematic way by which they are created. Islamic perception of jurisprudence is the “perfect
code of how to live one‟s life”. More over it covers all the aspects like finance economics etc.
Islamic jurisprudence is known as Fiqh. Fiqh is an Arabic word which literally means to
comprehend. It is defined as the knowledge of the rules of Allah that concern the actions of
persons who are bound to obey the law, respecting what is required (Wajib), forbidden
(Haraam), recommended (Mandoob), disapproved (Makruh) or permitted (Mubah). In other
words Islamic Jurisprudence is the comprehending of Islamic rules and regulation from the
Shariah. Importance and significance of Islamic jurisprudence as laws are the guidelines by
which people that cohabitate as is being neighbors and living and working together need to
abide by in order to protect everyone‟s ability to enjoy, travel, work and entertain them in a
society. Without laws there would be nothing one could do if another were violating their peace
and enjoyment.

Minorities Rights in Islam

Islam seeks to establish such a society where all citizens of the state enjoy equal rights. Islamic
law holds both Muslims and non-Muslims equal and no superiority or privilege is given to the
Muslims on any ground. The minorities enjoy similar rights in an Islamic state as the Muslims
do.

Right to freedom of belief: The Islamic law has ensured several rights and privileges for non-
Muslim minorities. Perhaps the most important of which is the freedom of belief, which is stated
in Allah's saying: {there is no coercion in religion} [Al-Baqarah: 256]. As the Islamic law allowed
non-Muslims to enjoy the freedom of belief, it enacted rules to preserve their lives, on the
ground that they are human beings who have the right to life and existence. In this regard, the
Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "whoever kills a contracting man(a non-Muslim protected by
the state or an agreement) he will not smell the Paradise".

Protection & Security of non-Muslims funds: The Islamic law has guaranteed the right to
protect the funds of non-Muslims. It prohibited taking or seizing these funds unjustly through
theft, usurpation, damage or any form of injustice. This was practically applied the Prophet's
(peace be upon him) promise to the people of Najran, as he said: "The people of Najran and
their surrounding areas would be under the protection of Allah and His Prophet Muhammad;
their funds, religion, trade and everything small or big would be also safe…" Moreover, a non-
Muslim minority has the right to be guaranteed by the Islamic state from the state treasury -
Bayt Al-Mal (House of funding).

* The non-Muslim minorities are free to undertake any business enterprise or profession in an
Islamic state like their Muslim counterparts and no restriction can be imposed upon them in this
regard.

These were the important rights of non-Muslim minorities in Islam and the Islamic civilization.
The rule is to respect every human being as long as he/she does not commit injustice or enmity.

Fundamental Belief of Islam

The word “Islam” is an Arabic word, which means “submitting and surrendering your will to Allah
Almighty”. The word comes from the same root as the Arabic word “Salam”, which means
peace. Every religion has some fundamentals that lay down the framework of that particular
religion. The fundamentals of Islam can be distributed into two categories. The first category is
related to practice while the second category can be the fundamentals that stand as core
Islamic beliefs.

Salah: The first pillar of Islam is Salah. It refers to the obligatory prayers that a Muslim has to
offer five times a day. Salah is compulsory upon both men and women and there is no
relaxation in it and it will be one of the first things to be asked about on the Judgment day.

Zakat: In Islam there is the concept of Almsgiving of Zakah which is applicable on people that
have a certain amount of wealth. All those who are wealthy enough to pay Zakah, they ought to
offer it to the poor and it is obligatory upon them to offer it. Zakat is calculated upon a certain
amount of money, or personal belongings such as Gold, Silver, etc saved for a certain period of
time. There are numbers of ways you can calculate the Zakat amount on your personal
belongings.

Sawm: The third pillar of Islam that requires demonstration is Sawm. It refers to fasting in the
month of Ramadan where Muslims fast from dawn till dusk for a whole month.

Hajj: It is the pilgrimage to the house of Allah in Makkah. The offering of Hajj is also an
obligation on all the Muslims who are wealthy and can afford to offer it. Hajj is a symbol of
recognizing the Supremacy of Allah and gives a message of universal brotherhood. It is the
holiest obligation considered among Muslims and every Muslim wishes to at least once visit the
Holy Home of Allah.

In addition to the fundamentals that have to be practiced, there are core fundamentals in which
a Muslim must believe from the bottom of the heart are discussed below.

Believe In Allah: The foundation of Islam is belief in one Creator (Allah) and Sustainer of
everything in the universe and that nothing is divine or worthy of being worshipped except Him.
Muslims believe that there is only one God alone who is without spouse, children or partners.
No one shares His divinity or His attributes.

Belief in the Angels: Muslims believe in the existence of the angels and that they are honored
creatures. The angels worship God alone, obey Him, and act only by His command. Among the
angels is Gabriel, who brought down the Quran to Muhammad SAW.

Believe in Prophets: Besides Muhammad (PBUH) a Muslim has to believe in all the other
Prophets that Allah Almighty sent for the guidance of mankind and give them equal respect and
reverence. Muslims believe in the prophets starting with Adam and Muhammad SAW is the last
prophet sent by Allah.

Believe In Divine Books: A Muslim has to believe in all the other books that were revealed to
those Prophets for the guidance of their nations. Therefore, in addition to Quran, the other
divine books are also to be believed in by a Muslim.
Believe in Judgment Day: A Muslim is to have the belief that the Judgment day is inevitable
and once it arrives, all the people will be held accountable for their deeds which they committed
in this world.

Conclusion: In a nutshell, in order to be a true Muslim and complete in belief, a Muslim has to
believe in and practice the core fundamentals of Islam. The personification of these
fundamentals can be seen in the personality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), therefore, every
Muslim must find guidance from His Sunnah.

The Creed of Islam

To think according to principle, to possess true faith, to believe and accept the teachings of
Islam is known as the Creed of Islam or “Aqeeda”. Among the religions of the world, Islam has
the shortest creed: La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad rasul Allah, “There is no god but Allah and
Muhammad is Allah‟s Apostle.” This creed is the very foundation of the Islamic religion. The
entire system of Muslim theology, philosophy, and religious life is summed up in this creed.

Monotheism: Monotheism is so fundamental to Islam that understanding the Islamic view of

God will allow us to better understand Islam as a whole. Monotheism means Tauheed and it
means belief in one God. This is the primary faith and conviction of the religion of Islam. Islamic
monotheism is a vast topic that cannot be fully treated in a short article. Islamic belief holds that
Allah is absolutely one, and as supreme master is in complete control of all things. He is self-
existent and independent from the entire universe. He has many names that describe his
characteristics, but not his ineffable essence. He is also merciful and loving towards those who
believe in him. Nothing ever happens outside of his will, and he is the author of both good and
evil.

Tauheed’s Effect on Personal Life: The concept of Tauheed has a great influence on a
person‟s life and this influence is not only restricted to one‟s individual life but also to one‟s
social life.

Obedience: The most important effect of La ilaha illa Allah is that it makes man obey and
observe God‟s Law. One who has belief in it is sure that God knows everything hidden or open
and is nearer to him than his own jugular vein. If he commits a sin in a secluded corner and in
the darkness of the night, He knows it; He even knows our thoughts and intentions, bad or
good. We can hide from everyone, but we cannot hide anything from God.

Courage and Velour: This declaration inspires bravery in man. There are two things which
make a man coward (i) fear of death and love of safety, and (ii) the idea that there is someone
else besides God who can take away life. Belief in La ilaha illa Allah purges the mind of both
these ideas. The first idea goes out of his mind because he knows that his life and his property
and everything else really belong to God, and he becomes ready to sacrifice his all things for
His pleasure. He gets rid of the second idea because he knows that no weapon, no man or
animal has the power of taking away his life; except Allah. Hence a person has no more fear
and he becomes courageous.

Sense of Modesty: This belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and humbleness. A
believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant. The boisterous pride of power, wealth and
worth can have no room in his heart, because he knows that whatever he possesses has been
given to him by God, and that God can take away just as He can give.

Existence of God in the light of science: In 19th century, Scientist does not believe the
concept of God and said they destroyed the concept of existence of God but today scientist they
have repudiated this claim. The existence of God is not physical but it is metaphysical in which
field scientists are failed because their arguments are not based on sense perception but on
non-physical. They only made material revelations or discoveries. Today's world is physical and
perceived by the senses. Outside this field it is silent. Prof. Liter said, Science has disproved the
existence of God is unreasonable. According to Quran, Allah has created everything and
allotted to it a measure (Furqan: 2).

At the time when the Quran was revealed, people thought the world was flat or it could be
pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal etc But The Quran rightly says it is spherical.
The universe itself proves the concept of Tauheed in this regard Science has proven the
concept of Tauheed by negating the Big Bang Theory and stating that there is an „unknown‟
factor that is responsible for the existence of Life and that is Allah. Holy Quran announces that
“O, Mankind worships your lord, Who has appointed the earth a resting place for you, the sky a
canopy. And who causes water to pour down from the heaven thereby producing fruits as food
for you. [2:21-22]

Prophethood: The word Prophethood or Resalat means to be an Apostle, but in Islamic

terminology it means the transmitting or reaching commandment of Allah revealed to a chosen
person by Him. Allah Almighty conveys his message through human Prophets. They form a link
between the earthly beings and the heavens in the sense that God has picked them to deliver
his message to human beings. There are no other channels to receive divine communications.
It is the system of communication between the Creator and the created. God does not send
angels to every single individual, nor does He open the skies so people can climb up to receive
the message. His way of communication is through human Prophets who receive the message
through angels. God sent to every nation a prophet, mostly from amongst them, to call them to
worship God alone and to shun false gods.

Status of Prophets: The Quran speaks of the Islamic prophets as being the greatest human
beings of all time. Before man was created, God had specifically selected those men whom He
would use as prophets. This does not mean that every prophet began to prophesy from his
birth. Some were called to prophesy late in life, in Muhammad's case at the age of 40. Muslims
believe that many prophets existed, including many not mentioned in the Quran. The Quran
itself refers to at least four other prophets but does not name them. Hadith states there have
been 124,000 prophets.

Qualities of Prophethood: The people who are selected as the prophet should

* Be the best person of the community intellectually as well as morally due to which people will
easily follow him and will have faith on his words. His life should be a role model for the
followers.
* The prophets are supported by the miracles those are given them by the will and power of the
all mighty Allah. Those miracles are a proof that the prophet is not a fraud.

* Every prophet makes it clear that what he says is the message of ALLAH received by him for
the welfare of mankind from Allah. They have to do this to show that they are the messenger of
ALLAH who is conveying the message of Allah.

Thus prophets are needed to convey and as well as explain the message of Allah. We get
answers of many questions by the help of prophet such as why we were created, the life after
death, the concept of hell and heaven, the angels and how we can lead a pious life and these
kinds of other questions. These questions can only be answered by direct revelation from
ALLAH for which we require a prophet.

Life after Death: Faith in life after death is one of the six fundamental beliefs required of a
Muslim to complete his faith. Rejecting it renders all other beliefs meaningless. It teaches that
a human being not only has a body, but also has a 'spirit' given to him or her by God. The spirit
is the seed from which a higher form of life grows within man, higher than physical life, just as
the body has developed from a small 'seed'. Just as in the world around us higher forms of life
evolve from lower ones, similarly from the life of the individual in this world are evolved his
higher 'spiritual' life. During his life, man's deeds shape and mould his spirit, for better or worse,
according to his deeds. When a person dies, the physical body is finished, but the spirit
remains, as he or she had moulded it by their deeds when alive. That is the life after death. The
exact nature of these things cannot be known in this world because they are in an entirely
different world where ours ideas of space, time, feelings, etc. do not apply. But to describe them
to us, physical terms have to be used such as "gardens and rivers" in paradise, and the "fire" of
hell, to give an idea of what they feel like.

It’s Effect on Individual: Firstly, it encourages man to do well and restrains him from doing evil.
This is because he realizes that a good deed will always bring him benefit, even if it may not be
obvious at the time; and he knows that an evil deed, even if no one at all sees him do it, will
have to be answered for, and will have adverse consequences, in the next life if not immediately
in this one. Secondly, it teaches man to look at the inner worth of himself and of others, rather
than the outward appearance (be it wealth, position, beauty, or education). This is because he
knows that it is the inner part of man which is the real thing, and which survives forever, while
the outward possessions are certainly lost at death, and often even before then.

Last Sermon of Prophet (PBUH)

The Last Sermon of Prophet (PBUH) has been delivered on the 9th of Zhul-Hijja 632 A.D in
the valley of Mount Arafat during the Hajj. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said,

“O People, return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one
may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that he will indeed reckon
your deeds. O People, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast
during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.
“O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born. I leave
behind me two things, the Quran and my Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go
astray.
Rights of Women: it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women but they
also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under
Allah‟s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right, then to them belongs the right
to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are
your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with
anyone of whom you do not approve as well as never to be unchaste.

Rights of Slaves: O People! Every Muslim is the brother of every other Muslim and all the
Muslims form one brotherhood. And your slaves; see that you feed them with such food as you
eat yourselves, and clothe them with the clothes that you yourselves wear.

No Injustices: It is not lawful for a person to take anything from his brother without his consent
and free will. Do not wrong yourself and wrong one another. Do not cut throats of one another.

Convey Message: All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to
others again and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me
directly. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”

Conclusion: The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) teaches us that there is only one
God and we worship him. All Muslims are brothers to one another. The greatness of a man does
not depend on blood or wealth. We should act according to the teachings of the Holy Quran.

Surah Al Furqan (The Criterion): is the 25th surah of the Quran with 77 ayats.

Subject matter/Theme of this Surah includes the doubts and objections that were being raised
by the disbelievers of Makkah against The Quran, the Prophethood of Muhammad and his
teachings. Appropriate answers to those objections are given and the people are warned about
the consequences of rejecting the truth. At the end of the Surah a description of the character
of a true believer is given. This description might be summarized as follows:

1st characteristic is a person can claim to be Allah‟s slave whose belief, deeds and desires
are with the command of his Rab (Master). 2nd characteristic is he does not walk with pride
or arrogance. 3rd when the ignorant people speak to them, they reply peacefully. 4th who
pass the night prostrating and standing before their Lord. Here mentioned night worship of
Allah. 5th those who say “Our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Jahannam). 6th Allah‟s
blessed servants are neither spendthrifts nor misers but they spend moderately. 7th those
who don‟t invoke any other god along with Allah. 8th They don‟t participate in the meeting
where lie and falsehood has currency. 9th Allah‟s blessed servants don‟t kill innocent people.

10th They don‟t attend immoral gatherings intentionally, if they happen to pass by them
sometimes by chance they just walk away from there in a dignified manner. 11th The
righteous servants of Allah also take care of virtuous actions of their children and spou se
and keep trying for their improvement.

Haqooq Allah (Duties towards Allah) & Haqooq al Ibad (Duties towards mankind)

Haqooq ul Allah and Haqooq-al-Ibad are the two most important aspects in a life of a Muslim to
complete his Faith.
Haqooq Allah: Every religion in the world has rituals. Islam too has some obligatory rituals
which assist us in doing good and abstaining from evil by offering Salat five times a day we
remain close to Allah. Through Fasting we attain Taqwa and in addition we also feel the pain of
the hungry. Through Zakat we share a part of what we possess with the poor and other needy
people and thus we participate in building a balanced society. For Zakat a certain percentage
has been fixed, but there are no limits on charity. During hajj, the rich and the poor, the high
and the low all stand together in front of Allah this is a great lesson in equality of mankind and a
source of building brotherhood in Muslims.

Haqooq al Ibad: To fulfill our duties towards mankind imposed upon us by Allah Almighty. Islam
came for social betterment and the welfare of the people and also to create brotherhood
amongst people. The good deeds are the two types one which is directly to Allah called worship
(Ibadat) and the second is related to humans. According to the Quran and the Hadith, the rights
of the people (Haqooq al Ibad) are as important as the duties we owe to Allah (Haqooq-Allah).
In certain situations, Allah has given priority to the rights of the people over duties owing to Him
and any negligence in the performance of the rights of the people has been included in the
category of major sins and punishment of hell has been assigned for it. According to statistics,
the word Salat appears 36 times in the Quran, whereas the rights of the people (Haqooq-al-
Ibad), under different names, have been mentioned 121 times in the Quran, and more than 150
times in the hadiths. Every single person our parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, neighbors,
strangers should be treated fair and in best manner. Everyone will also be answered even for
the behavior towards animals. In last may Allah give us on following the right path fulfilling the
responsibilities of Haqooq al Ibad and make us strong in our faith, Ameen.

There is a beautiful Hadith that realize our duties towards each other. Once Prophet (saws) was
asked by the Sahabah “Do you know who a bankrupt person is?” They said “the bankrupt
among us is the person who does not have any wealth. He (saws) said, “The bankrupt of my
Ummah, the bankrupt person is someone who comes on the day of judgement with many
rewards, prayer, fasting, Zakat, but he had accused this person falsely, he abused another,
cursed a third, taken the money of somebody else, spilt the blood of someone else, so he ends
up giving them from his good deeds and he ends up going to hell fire.” - Sahih Muslim

The Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)

A Khalifah was meant to be the successor of the Holy Prophet whose job was to provide
Muslims with the most desired leadership according to the commandments of Allah and His
Messenger. Rashidun Caliphate ruled was the established after the death of the Prophet
Muhammad. Hazrat Abu Bakr (632-634) became the first Caliph; He belonged to a noble family
of Banu Tamim of Qureysh tribe in Makkah. He (R.A) was the closest companion of Hazrat
Muhammad and shared great personality characteristics of truthfulness, honesty and integrity
with Him. Abu Akbar (R.A) also had the honor of marrying his daughter Hazrat Aisha (R.A) to
the Holy Prophet. As first Khalifah of Islam, his major contributions were to assemble the
scattering Muslims to common Islamic faith and compilation of the Holy Quran in hard copy for
the first time. The time of his Caliphate was very short, i.e. 27 months only. Hazrat Abu Bakr
(R.A) died on Monday, 23rd August, 634 A.D and is buried next to Rasoolullah.

Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A 634-644): After the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr Sadique R.A, Hazrat
Umar Farooq R.A was selected as the second caliph. Hazrat Umar ibn Khattab (R.A) belonged
to the Adi family of Qureysh tribe of Makkah. He (R.A) led a very simple life. During his Khilafat,
the Islamic faith reached the far off corners of the world including Roman and Persian regions.
Being the Second Caliph of Islam, the major contributions of Farooq e Azam (R.A) include
implementation of peace and justice in Muslim society, formation of Baitul Maal for maintenance
and provision of finances, division of larger regions into smaller provinces, making of present
Hijri (Islamic) Calendar etc.

Hazrat Usman Ghani (R.A 644-656): After the death of Hazrat Umar Farooq R.A, Hazrat
Usman Ghani R.A took the government. Hazrat Usman (R.A) belonged to the Umayyah family
of Qureysh tribe of Makkah. He (R.A) had the great honor of marrying the two righteous
Daughters of the Holy Prophet which earned him the title of Dhun Nurain (Bearer of two Lights).
during his time, he (R.A) contributed by capturing the far off regions of the world like North
Africa, formation of first Muslim Naval Force and beating the Roman realm and the Byzantine
Empire of 500 ships. HE (R.A) also gathered Muslims on single Tajweed of Quran by making its
common recital process

Hazrat Ali (R.A 656-661 A.D): Hazrat Usman Ghani R.A government ends up with his shahadat
and after that Hazrat Ali R.A took the charge of Islamic government. Hazrat Ali (R.A) had the
great honor of having married the youngest and the most beloved Daughter of Hazrat
Muhammad i.e. Hazrat Fatima (R.A). Hazrat Ali (R.A) attained the title of Asadullah (Lion of
Allah) from Rasoolullah due to his great valor. He lived a very simple life with gratefulness to the
Gracious God. Being the fourth Khalifah of Islam, Hazrat Ali ul Murtaza (R.A) tried his best to
unite Muslims and make peace but the resistance from hypocrites had become very strong. He
fought them and destroyed most of the Kharijites (rebellion movement), defeating Umayyads in
battle of Nahrawan and introduction of reforms in taxes. When he was 63 years of age, Hazrat
Ali (R.A) was martyred with a poisoned sword by one of the rebels while he was going to
perform Fajar Salah.