Resource and Development
1 Mark Questions
1. Who wrote the book ‘Small is Beautiful’?
Ans. Schumacher
2. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast?
Ans. Alluvial Soil
3. Write the two types of renewable resources.
Ans. Continuous and Biological resources
4. From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource
planning?
Ans. First Five Year Plan
5. Give any two factors which determine the land use pattern of a nation.
Ans. . Topography and Population
6. How much degraded land is present in India?
Ans. 130 million hectare
7. By which name is the bad land known in Chambal basin?
Ans. Ravines
8. Name the institution which is empowered by the government of India to acquire land?
Ans. Urban Development Authorities
9. What is strip cropping?
Ans. . Large fields divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up
the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.
10. Name the way which helps the sand dune to stabilization.
Ans. Shelter Belts have contributed significantly to the establishment of sand dunes.
11. Name the areas where terrace farming is practiced in India?
Ans. Western and central Himalayas of India
12. Why are the lower horizons of the soil occupied by Kankar?
Ans. Because of the increasing calcium contents downwards
13. Name the soil which is suitable for the cropping of cashew nuts.
Ans. . Red Laterite Soil
14. Name the nutrient in which black soils is poor?
Ans. Phosphoric contents
15. Name any two nutrients which are found in black soils?
Ans. Calcium carbonate and magnesium
16. Mention the reason due to which red soils looks red?
Ans. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
17. Name the soils which are well known for their capacity to hold moisture.
Ans. . Black soils
18. Which region of India is known as Basalt region?
Ans. The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau.
19. In which state overgrazing is the main reason of land degradation in India?
Ans. Gujarat
20. Where was first international earth summit held?
Ans. . Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
21. Coal, iron ore, petroleum, diesel etc. are the examples of
a) Biotic resources b) Abiotic resources
c) Renewable resources d) Non Renewable resources
Ans. d) Non Renewable resources
22. Which one of the following term is used to identify the old and new alluvial respectively ?
a) Khadas & Tarai b) Tarai & Bangar
c) Bangar & Khadar d) Tarai & Dvars
Ans. c) Bangar & Khadar
23. Which one of the following soil is the best for cotton cultivation ?
a) Red soil b) Black soil
c) Laterite soil d) Alluvial soil
Ans. b) Black soil
24. How much percentage of forest area in the country according to the National Forest Policy.
a) 33% b) 37%
c) 27% d) 31%
Ans. a) 33%
25. Which type of soil develops due to high temperature and evaporation ?
a) Arid Soil b) Forest Soil
c) Black Soil d) Red Soil
Ans. a) Arid Soil
26. Which one of the following resources can be acquired by the Nation ?
a) Potential resources b) International resources
c) National resources d) Public resources
Ans. c) National resources
27. Which one of the following is responsible for sheet erosion ?
a) Underground water b) Wind
c) Glacier d) Water
Ans. d) Water
28. Which one of the following method is used to break up the force of wind?
a) Shelter belt b) Strip Cropping
c) Contour ploughing d) Terrace farming
Ans. a) Shelter belt
29. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Madhya Pradesh ?
a) Mining b) Overgrazing
c) Deforestation d) Over Irrigation
Ans. c) Deforestation
30. Which one of the following statements refers to the sustainable development ?
a) Overall development of various resources
b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.
c) Economic development of people.
d) Development that meets the desires of the members of all communities.
Ans. b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.
31. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas ?
Ans. 1) Terracing on hilly area
2) Buildings Dams on hilly areas
3) Afforestation
32. When and why was the Rio-de-Janero Earth summit held ?
Ans. 1992 Rio-de-Janero (Brazil)
33. Write two characteristics each of Khadar and Bangar ?
Ans. Khadar (New Alluvium)
1) New Alluvium a new soil
2) Very fertile soil less Kankar nodules
Bangar (Old Alluvium)
1) Old Alluvium or Old soil
2) Not to fertile, often contains Kankar nodules
34. What type of soil is found in river deltas of the eastern coast ? Give three main features of this type
of soil.
Ans. Alluvial Soil
1) Most important soil
2) Such a soil is the result of deposits of river.
3) Very fertile soil.
35. What do you, mean by land use pattern ? Name the factors that determine the use of land.
Ans. Utilization of land for various purposes such as cultivation grazing of animals mining construction of
roads etc.
Factors
1) Topography
2) Climate
3) Human factor
4) Accessibility
36. Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore? (Textbook)
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer: d
37. Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put? (Textbook)
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-renewable
Answer: a
38. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (Textbook)
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer: c
39. In which one of the following States is terrace cultivation practised? (Textbook)
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttaranchal
Answer: d
40. In which of the following States is black soil found? (Textbook)
(a) Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer: b
41. What percentage of our land should be under forest according to the National Forest Policy (1952)?
(a) 33
(b) 22.5
(c) 31
(d) 30
Answer: a
42. Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do
not have appropriate technology to access them are called:
(a) Potential resource
(b) Stock
(c) Developed resource
(d) Reserves
Answer: b
43. India’s territorial water extends upto a distance of:
(a) 12 km
(b) 12 nautical miles
(c) 19.2 miles
(d) 200 nautical miles
Answer: b
44. Resources that take long geological time for their formation are called:
(a) Renewable resources
(b) Reserve
(c) Community resources
(d) Non-renewable resources
Answer: d
45. Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as:
(n) Net sown area
(b) Forest cover
(c) Waste land
(d) Gross cropped area
Answer: d
46. The total degraded land in our country is:
(a) 133 million hectares
(b) 130 million sq. km.
(c) 140 million hectares
(d) 130 million hectares
Answer: d
47. In which of the following States mining has caused severe land degradation?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttaranchal
Answer: b
48. The main cause of land degradation in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh is:
(a) Mining
(b) Over irrigation
(c) Deforestation
(d) Over grazing
Answer: b
49. Which is the most common soil of Northern India?
(a) Black soil
(b) Laterite soil
(c) Alluvial soil
(d) Red soil
Answer: c
50. Red soil is mostly found in:
(a) Parts of Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Upper Ganga Plains
(c) Eastern and Southern part of Deccan Plateau
(d) None of the above
Answer: c
51. Red soil is reddish in colour due to:
(a) high clay content
(b) presence of kankar nodules in the subsoil
(c) diffusion of iron in igneous and metamorphic rocks
(d) high moisture content
Answer: c
52. Which of the following is not important for soil formation?
(a) Relief
(b) Parent rock
(c) Climate
(d) Duration of day
Answer: d
53. Black soil is also called:
(a) Bangar
(b) Khadar
(c) Regur
(d) Humus
Answer: c
54. Black soils are common in:
(a) Deccan trap region
(b) Kashmir Valley
(c) Ganga Valley
(d) Northern Plains
Answer: a
55. Laterite soil is very useful for growing:
(a) Rice, wheat and mustard
(b) Tea, coffee and cashewnut
(c) Pulses, sugarcane and resin
(d) None of the above
Answer: b
56. Black soil is deficient in
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Magnesium
(c) Potash
(d) Phosphoric contents
Answer: d
57. Which of the following soils has self-aeration capacity?
(a) Alluvial
(b) Red soil
(c) Black soil
(d) Mountain soil
Answer: c
58. Ploughing along the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the slopes is called:
(a) Strip cropping
(b) Sheet erosion
(c) Contour ploughing
(d) Terrace cultivation
Answer: c
59. Which of the following is not a measure for soil conservation?
(a) Strip cropping
(b) Terrace cultivation
(c) Shelter belts
(d) Overdrawing of ground water
Answer: d
60. Land that is left uncultivated for more than five agricultural years is called:
(a) Pasture land
(b) Culturable waste land
(c) Barren land
(d) Current fallow
Answer: b
Question 61.
What do you understand by Resource ?
Answer:
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is
technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.
Question 62.
Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility.
Answer:
Renewable and non-renewable resources.
Question 63.
Classify resources on the basis of development.
Answer:
Potential, developed stock and reserves.
Question 64.
Give an example of Biotic resources.
Answer:
Human beings, flora and fauna are examples of biotic resources.
Question 65.
What types of resources are solar and wind energy ?
Answer:
Solar and wind energy are renewable resources.
Question 66.
Mention a non-renewable source that cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Answer:
Fossil fuel.
Question 67.
What do you understand by international resources ? Give example.
Answer:
These resources are regulated by international institutions. Examples are the oceanic resources beyond
200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no [ individual country can utilise
these without the concurrence of international institutions.
Question 68.
What are developed resources ?
Answer:
Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The
development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility.
Question 69.
Which are the results of using resources indiscriminately by human beings ? Mention any one.
Answer:
Accumulation of resources in a few hands.
Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
Question 70.
What is sustainable development ?
Answer:
Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the
environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future
generations’.
Question 71.
What was the object of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992 ?
Answer:
The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-
economic development at the global level.
Question 72.
What is Agenda 21 ?
Answer:
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nation’s Conference on Environment
and Development which took place at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage,
poverty, disease through global cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared
responsibilities.
Question 73.
Which states in India are rich in minerals and coal deposits ?
Answer:
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Question 74.
How did Gandhiji voice his concern about resource conservation ?
Answer:
Gandhiji said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.”
Question 75.
What was the main reason for the colonial countries to exploit resources of countries under their
control ?
Answer:
High level of technological development.
Question 76.
Which report in 1987 introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ ?
Answer:
Brundtland Commission Report.
Question 77.
How much area of land in India is plain and what is its importance ?
Answer:
About 43 per cent of the land area is plain. It provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
Question 78.
What is the use of mountains ?
Answer:
Mountains ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
Question 79.
What is gross cropped area ?
Answer:
Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
Question 80.
What is total geographical area of India ?
Answer:
3.28 million sq. km.
Question 81.
When the National Forest Policy was formed in India ?
Answer:
1952.
Question 82.
How much degraded land is in India ?
Answer:
At present there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.
Question 83.
Which are the factors that determine the use of land ?
Answer:
The factors are topography, climate, soil types, population, density, technological capability and culture
and traditions.
Question 84.
State factors responsible for land degradation.
Answer:
Overgrazing, mining, quarrying and deforestation.
Question 85.
Which are the ways to solve the problems of land degradation ?
Answer:
Afforestation, proper management of grazing, control of mining activities etc.
Question 86.
How mining is responsible for the degradation of land ?
Answer:
Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of
overburdening.
Question 87.
Mention the states where overgrazing and over-irrigation are responsible for degradation.
Answer:
Overgrazing – Gujarat, Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Over-irrigation – Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh.
Question 88.
Which part of India is made of alluvial soil ?
Answer:
The entire Northern Plains are made of alluvial soil.
Question 89.
How are alluvial soils classified on the basis of their age ?
Answer:
According to their age alluvial soils can be classified as old alluvial soil — Bangar and new alluvial –
Khadar.
Question 90.
What is the other name of black soils ?
Answer:
Regur soils.
Question 91.
Where are red and yellow soils found ?
Answer:
Red and yellow soils are found in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau, in parts of
Orissa, Chattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the
Western Ghats.
Question 92.
State one feature of laterite soils.
Answer:
The laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilisers.
Question 93.
Which soil is suitable for production of Cashew Nut and where ?
Answer:
Red laterite soil in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala is suitable for the crop of cashew nuts.
Question 94.
What is soil erosion ?
Answer:
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
Question 95.
Which are two causes for soil erosion ?
Answer:
Deforestation, overgrazing and mining activities.
Question 96.
What are ravines ?
Answer:
The land that becomes unfit for cultivation is known as bad land. In the Chambal basin such lands are
called ravines.
Question 97.
What is the significance of the shelter belts in the desert in western India ?
Answer:
The shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the
desert in western India.
Question 98.
What is the use of contour ploughing ?
Answer:
Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
Question 99.
What is use of shelter belts ?
Answer:
Shelter belts contribute significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in
western India.
100. Soil is formed by the process of
(a) Denudation
(b) Gradation
(c) Weathering
(d) Erosion
Answer
Answer: c
