TEACHER: Darell B.
Palarao LEARNING AREA:Biology
GRADE LEVEL: 8 QUARTER:Fourth Quarter
I –LEARNING OBJECTIVES
A. Most Essential
Learning Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion
Competency S8LTIVa-13
(MELC Code)
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Describe the process of ingestion and absorption
B. Learning 2. Perform the first two processes of digestion
Objectives 3. Develop the correct habit of eating for proper
digestion and nutrition
II- LEARNING CONTENT: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (INGESTION & ABSORPTION)
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
the digestive system and its interaction with the
Content Standard circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems in providing
the body with nutrients for energy.
The learners should be able to:
Performance present an analysis of the data gathered on diseases
Standard resulting from nutrient deficiency
III – LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide K to 12 Science MELCs
Pages
2. Learner’s Guide SLM (Quarter 4-Module 1 Focus on the Digestive System)
Pages
3. Textbook Pages Capco, Carmelita. Phoenix Biology Science Series p.259-273
4. Additional
Instructional Laptop, LCD, Powerpoint Presentation, Extension Wire,
Materials for Digestive System Illustration, Activity Sheets, Pictures, Paper
teaching & Strips, Tape, Box
Learning
Internet Sources:
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-ph
ysiology/61-digestion-and-absorption/digestive-system.html
https://biology4ibdp.weebly.com/63-_animal-nutrition.html
Web Images:
https://britishop.com/webpimg/L3N0b3JhZ2UvaW1nY2FjaGUvZnJ
lbmNoLWZyaWVzLVBIUjNYTjlfXzQ3MHg0NzB4c3F1YXJlLmpwZw
B. Other Learning
Resources https://www.foxyfolksy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/filipin
o-fruit-salad-640-500x375.jpg
https://omnivorescookbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/
1807_Chicken-Adobo_800.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2-4
8djT1tdvZJWlunZIPK9I2DA0zWfcxJP-J9uOP6J3tj0uYg4ZuVntIxhfwUZ
IuP6S4&usqp=CAU
IV – LEARNING STRATEGIES
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
Alright, before we start the class, let us have first our
prayer. May I request ____ to lead us the prayer? Amen!
1. Prayer Good morning class! I’m glad to see all of you.
(2 mins) How are you doing? That’s good to hear! By the way, have
you taken your breakfast? Did you bring your snacks with
you? Very good!
2. Checking of Okay, let us have an attendance. Is anyone absenttoday?
Attendance
Very Good! All of you are present today.
(1 min)
Now before we formally start our new discussion, I want you
to be reminded of our class rules that we should strictly follow
3. Reading of the in the whole class duration.
House Rules ▪ Always follow health protocols (wearing facemasks,
(2 mins) use of alcohol & maintain at most 1-meter distance)
▪ Participate in class activities
▪ Raise your hands when asking questions
ELICIT
Activity 1. Genius Challenge!
Direction: Pick a paper strip from the first box where the
function of a certain organ is indicated. From that function,
identify what organ is being referred, choose in the second
box and post it in the illustration.
Students who can correctly answer will be rewarded with a
chocolate. Are you ready?
The Digestive System
Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting
the new lesson
(10 min)
o Mouth- It is adapted to receive food, break it into
small particles, and mix it with saliva.
o Esophagus-A hollow tube connecting the oral
cavity to the stomach.
o Stomach- A muscular organ that secretes acid and
enzymes that digest food.
o Liver- It takes the raw materials absorbed by the
small intestine and uses them to make key
chemicals
o Gall Bladder- It stores the bile produced by the liver
o Pancreas- Produces enzymes that are released into
the small intestine
o Small Intestine- A long, highly folded tube where
usable food substances (nutrients) are absorbed
o Large Intestine- It turns food waste into stool and
passes it from the body when you poop.
o Rectum- It receives stool from the colon, holds the
stool until excreted.
o Anus- The opening where the gastrointestinal tract
ends and exits the body
Well done students! You were able to identify the different
parts/organs of the Digestive System based on the given
functions.
Let us give ourselves 5 claps for a job well done!
ENGAGE
Now, I want you to take a look at these pictures.
Establishing a
▪ Which one among these foods is your favourite?
purpose for the
lesson (Answers may vary)
Presenting examples ▪ Upon looking at these foods, what do you feel?
of the new lesson
Expected answers: Hungry, craving (Answers may vary)
(3 min)
▪ Why do we need to eat?
Expected answers: energy for activity, all functions of the
body such as breathing, digesting food, and keeping warm;
materials for the growth and repair of the body, and for
keeping the immune system healthy
EXPLORE
Activity 2. Ingestion Activity
Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able
to explain the process of ingestion.
Direction: Try to eat the chocolate you have and answer the
guide questions below. Activity worksheets will be given to
you individually. After the activity, report your answers to the
class.
Guide Questions:
▪ What does your set of teeth do when you eat the
chocolate? Do your teeth perform mechanical or
chemical digestion?
▪ What is the role of your saliva?
▪ How do the mouth, teeth, saliva, and tongue work
together?
Discussing new Activity 3. Absorption Activity
concepts and
practical new skills Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able
(10 mins) to explain the process of absorption.
Direction: Students will be grouped into three with 5-6
members but activity worksheets will be provided
individually. Each member of the group will do 1
procedure to maintain social distancing while
performing the activity and answer guide questions
below. Afterwards, a representative from each
group will report the answers to the class.
Materials:
▪ 1 old socks/cloth
▪ 3 pieces of biscuits/bread
▪ Water
▪ Small bowl
▪ Rubber band
▪ Dipper (kabo)/container
Procedure:
▪ Prepare the materials needed.
▪ Cut the biscuits into small pieces and put it in a
container.
▪ Add small amount of water and squeeze the biscuits till
it is almost in its paste form.
▪ Pour the paste form of the ‘digested food’ from the
container into the socks/cloth.
▪ Make use of a rubber band and tie one end.
▪ Using your hands, try to squeeze the sock/cloth and
get as much water as you can out from the ‘digested
food’. Put the excess water in another container.
Observe.
Guide Questions:
▪ What does the cloth/sock represent?
▪ How does the cloth/sock help in performing the
activity?
▪ What do you think will happen to the digested food in
the small intestine?
EXPLAIN
After the activity, the students will report their answers to the
Developing Mastery
class. A representative in each group will present and discuss
(5 mins)
the observations and answers to the guide questions.
ELABORATE
Activity 4. Word Roundup!
Direction: Guess the scrambled words.
PROCESS: INGESTION
Scrambled Words Answers
TMHUO - MOUTH
LVASIA - SALIVA
GUETON - TONGUE
HEETT - TEETH
INSEGTOIN - INGESTION
Digestion involves breaking down large molecules into
water-soluble molecules so that it can be passed into the
blood and transported to the different parts of the body.
● Since we are discussing the digestive system, where do
you think digestion starts? Do you think it begins in the
mouth?
Expected answer: Yes, the moment we put food in our
mouth, the digestion process begins.
There are four steps of the digestion process and the first
one is called Ingestion. It refers to the entry of food into the
alimentary canal through the mouth. When food is ingested
into your mouth, your teeth, tongue, and saliva work
together to begin the process of digestion.
Finding practical ● What do your teeth do?
applications of
concepts Expected answer: When we eat, our teeth tear, cut, and
(15 mins) grind food in preparation for swallowing.
In activity 1, the mouth is where you put all the food you
eat. Our teeth help in breaking down large substances (ex.
Chocolate) by grinding and chewing the large chunks of
food into small pieces by tearing, grinding, and chewing is
what we call mechanical digestion.
● Why is it called mechanical digestion?
Expected answer: It involves physical breaking down of food
substances into smaller particles such as grinding, chewing
and tearing.
Our saliva helps moisten food and contains the
digestive enzyme amylase. The presence of saliva in the
ingestion process starts the second type of digestion which is
chemical digestion. The food mixed with saliva that forms
into a ball inside your mouth is called bolus.
● What happens when we don’t make enough saliva?
Expected answer: Our mouth will be dry and swallowing of
food will be difficult.
After the initial digestion of food, your tongue helps in
pushing the bolus by swallowing the food to the throat and
into the opening of the esophagus.
PROCESS: ABSORPTION
Scrambled Words Answers
NUIRTENTS - NUTRIENTS
MLALS ENITSETNI - SMALL INTESTINE
RTASNOPRT - TRANSPORT
IVLLI - VILLI
ABOSPRTOIN - ABSORPTION
The second process is called Absorption. It is the
movement of digested food molecules through the wall of
the small intestine into the blood.
● What happens to the food after being digested in the
stomach?
Expected answer: Once the stomach completes its role in
the digestive process, its contents slowly pass into the small
intestine.
The process of absorption begins once the digested food
from the stomach moves in the small intestine. In activity 2,
the socks/ cloth serve as the small intestine. The socks/cloth
helps in absorbing the excess water from the digested food.
The walls of the small intestine have finger-like projections
called villi which have an important role. These villi absorb
nutrients/food molecules from the food you eat and then
shuttle those nutrients into your bloodstream so they can
travel wherever they're needed.
● Why does it need to break down food into nutrients?
Expected answer: It is important to break down food into
smaller fragments that are of suitable size for absorption
across cells.
The nutrients from the digested food are absorbed by
the inner walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The
process of absorption is very important because through this
process we can get the nutrients out from the food we eat
and will be further used by the cells throughout our body.
Digestive System and Other Organ Systems
● Do you think the Digestive System connects to the
other organ systems? In what way?
The Digestive System gets good nutrients from the food
we eat and passes it over to the blood for body transport
and this involves the Circulatory System.
The Digestive system breaks down food and uses
muscular contractions to move food through the
digestive tract, thus, it needs oxygen to function
properly. And where do we get it? Through the
Respiratory and Circulatory System.
Through the digestive system, nutritive substances are
absorbed and any that are not are eliminated and this
Making
involves the Excretory System.
Generalizations and
abstractions about
the lesson
Nutrition, Food and Digestion
Since the digestive system is connected to the other
body organ systems, any problem may also affect the
others. That's why, eating healthy foods with the right
amount of nutrients is necessary to get energy, stay healthy
and to avoid nutrient deficiency. Am I right?
● Can you give/name some foods that are good for the
body?
Expected answers:
Green leafy vegetables, fruits, meat (answers may vary) plus
enough amount of water
But, always remember that the kind of food you intake
reflects the condition of your body. Take note that too much
sugar, salt or fats may cause problems such as obesity;
whereas, the lack of nutrients may result likewise such as
malnutrition.
Remember: “Walang Labis, Walang Kulang!”
EVALUATE
Fill in the missing words in the given text.
The ________is an organ system uniquely constructed to do
its job of turning your food into ______and _____you need to
survive. Food enters the digestive system through the______.
This process is called_________.Once in the mouth, the food is
Evaluating Learning chewed to form a ball of food called a_____. This then passes
(5mins) down the esophagus and into the stomach. The food
substances you consume break down into nutrients to be
used for important things like energy, growth and repairing of
cells which is a process called_______. This process usually
happens in the_______. When it’s done, your digestive system
handily packages your ______for disposal when you have a
bowel movement.
Answers:
1. Digestive System
2. nutrients
3. energy
4. mouth
5. ingestion
6. bolus
7. absorb
8. absorption
9. small intestine
10. solid waste
EXTEND
Assignment
Activity 5. Puzzle Game
Direction: Complete the puzzle below. Refer to the definitions
to answer.
Across:
Additional Activities 3. A macromolecule that helps repair and build your body's
-preparation for tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place and
Lesson 2 (2 mins) coordinates bodily functions.
4. A macromolecule that has to do with the storage and
expression of genetic information
5. It is the process of synthesizing simple macromolecules
absorbed from the digested food molecules.
6. These are sugar molecules that provide energy for the
body.
Down:
1. These are large, complex molecules.
2. Any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in
water such as fats, waxes, oils and hormones.
Answers:
1. Macromolecules
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids
5. Assimilation
6. Carbohydrates
