Hands on
Python
Prepared by : Abdelaziz Shaheen
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 03
Overview Setting Up the
Environment
02 04
Time Complexity Variables
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
05 07
Operators & Python
Conditional Functions
06 08
Loops ?
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01
OVERVIEW
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Let’s Answer Some
Questions!!
● What is a Computer?
● What is an Operating System?
● What is an Application?
● Open-Source Vs Close-Source Software
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Let’s Answer Some
Questions!!
● What is a Computer?
○ A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It can store,
retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
● What is an Operating System?
● What is an Application?
● Open-Source Vs Close-Source Software
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Let’s Answer Some
Questions!!
● What is a Computer?
● What is an Operating System?
○ An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It
manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and
hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to
speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
○ The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft
Windows, macOS, and Linux.
● What is an Application?
● Open-Source Vs Close-Source Software
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Let’s Answer Some
Questions!!
● What is a Computer?
● What is an Operating System?
● What is an Application?
○ Simply put, an app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks.
Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, while those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.
○ When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it.
Most of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time,
which is known as multi-tasking.
● Open-Source Vs Close-Source Software
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Let’s Answer Some
Questions!!
● What is a Computer?
● What is an Operating System?
● What is an Application?
● Open-Source Vs Close-Source Software
○ Assignment
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History of Python
● Python was created by Guido van Rossum
and was first released in 1991.
● The language's design philosophy
prioritizes code readability, and its
syntax allows programmers to express
concepts in fewer lines of code.
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WHY CHOOSE PYTHON
Readability and Community Support
Simplicity
Python has a large and active
Python's easy-to-read syntax allows community. This means extensive
developers to write clear and concise documentation, numerous tutorials,
code, enhancing productivity and and a wealth of resources to help
collaboration. developers solve problems.
Rapid Prototyping Job Opportunities
Python's simplicity and ease of use Python's popularity has led to an
make it an excellent choice for increasing demand for Python
prototyping and iterative developers across various
development. Developers can quickly industries, making it a valuable skill
test ideas and concepts. in the job market.
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Uses of Python
Web Data Automation and
Development Science Scripting
Python frameworks like Django Libraries like NumPy, Pandas, Python's simplicity and ease of
and Flask simplify web Matplotlib, and SciPy make use make it a favorite for
development tasks. Python a popular choice for data automation, scripting, and task
analysis and visualization. scheduling.
Game Desktop
Development Cybersecurity Applications
Pygame, a set of Python Python is used in cybersecurity Libraries like Tkinter and PyQt
modules, is used for writing for tasks like penetration allow developers to create
video games and multimedia testing, vulnerability scanning, cross-platform desktop
applications. and creating security tools. applications.
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NOT THE FASTEST ONE !!
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02
Time Complexity
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What is Time and Space Complexity?
• One major underlying factor affecting your program's performance
and efficiency is the hardware, OS, and CPU you use.
• An algorithm's time complexity specifies how long it will take to
execute an algorithm as a function of its input size. Similarly, an
algorithm's space complexity specifies the total amount of space
or memory required to execute an algorithm as a function of the
size of the input.
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Different Notations for
Time Complexity
- - -
Big O Upper Bound Worst Case Maximum
Omega Lower Bound Best Case Minimum
Theta Middle - -
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Big O Notation
Constant: O(1)
Linear Time: O(n)
Logarithmic Time: O(n log n)
Big O
Types of Complexities Quadratic Time: O(n^2)
Exponential Time: O(2^n)
Factorial Time: O(n!)
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Big O Notation
O(1)
Excellent/Best
O(log n)
Good
Big O O(n)
Types of Complexities Fair
O(n log n)
Bad
O(n^2), O(2^n)and O(n!)
Horrible/Worst
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Big O Notation
Big O
Types of Complexities
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Calculate The Complexity
O(1)
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Calculate The Complexity
O(n)
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Calculate The Complexity
O(n^2)
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Binary Search
O(log n) Prepared by : Abdelaziz Shaheen
Quiz 1
O(n^2) O(n log n)
7. How is time complexity measured?
1.By counting the number of algorithms in an algorithm.
2.By counting the number of primitive operations performed by the algorithm on a given input size.
3.By counting the size of data input to the algorithm.
4.None of the above
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Quiz 1
O(n^2) O(n log n)
7. How is time complexity measured?
By counting the number of primitive operations performed by the algorithm on a given input size.
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03
Setting Up the
Environment
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Setting Up Python Environment:
• Download the latest version of Python for your operating system
(Windows, macOS, or Linux). From “Python Downloads”
• Run the installer and make sure to check the box that says "Add
Python x.x to PATH" during installation. This makes it easier to run
Python from the command line.
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Setting Up Python Environment:
• Open a command prompt (Windows) or terminal (macOS/Linux).
• Run the following command
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Setting Up Python Environment:
• To Run a python file, you need to write this command
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Setting Up Python Environment:
• Here is Some Basic CMD Commands
Dir List all the files inside the current directory
mkdir <filename> Creates new directory inside the current
directory
cd Change Directory
echo text > filename.txt To Create text file that includes the written
text
cls Clears all the commands in the cmd
color Changes the text color of the cmd
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LAB 1
1. Create a New Folder and Name it
“Python Workshop” this will be
our workspace
2. Then Create A new Text File name
it main.py
3. Write the following line of Code
in your text file then Run the
code using CMD
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04
Variables
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Variables
In Python, variables are used to store and manipulate data. Unlike some other programming
languages, Python does not require explicit declaration of variables or their data types. When you
assign a value to a variable, Python automatically determines the variable type based on the
assigned value.
Int float str
bool List Tuple
Dictionary None
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Variables
Variables
Mapping Boolean& None
Numeric Types Sequence Types
Types Type
Int float str list Tuple Dict bool None
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Variables
• Variable Names: Variable names can contain letters (both uppercase and lowercase), digits, and
underscores (_). However, they cannot start with a digit. Variable names are case-sensitive (age
and Age would be different variables).
• Constants: While Python doesn't have constants in the strict sense, variables with all capital
letters (e.g., PI = 3.14) are often used to indicate that their values should not be changed.
• Multiple Assignment: You can assign values to multiple variables in a single line:
a, b, c = 1, 2, 3
• Variable Naming Convention: It is a common convention in Python to use snake_case for
variable names (e.g., user_age, total_count) to enhance readability.
• Deleting Variables: You can delete a variable using the del statement:
del age
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LAB 2
1. Write a code to calculate the
Area of a circle:
• radius = 20
• PI = 3.14
• Use the Naming conventions we
discussed previously.
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Python Input & Output
Input: input() Output : Print()
input (): This function first takes the input from
the user and converts it into a string. The type of
the returned object always will be <class ‘str’>.
It does not evaluate the expression it just
returns the complete statement as String. For
example, Python provides a built-in function
called input which takes the input from the user.
When the input function is called it stops the
program and waits for the user’s input. When the
user presses enter, the program resumes and
returns what the user typed.
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String
A String in Python is a Sequence of Characters
Python Uses Single Quotes ‘ ’ and double Quotes “ ” but it’s preferred to use the single one
Escaping
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String Operations
Strings come with several handy, built-in operations you can execute. You can find all the operations
you need in Official Python Manual
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Python Tuple
We create tuples from individual values using optional parentheses (round brackets) like this:
Multiple Assignment Indexed Access
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Python List
Lists contain regular Python objects, separated by commas and surrounded by brackets. The elements
in a list can have any data type, and they can be mixed. You can even create a list of lists
Using the list() function
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List Vs Tuple
The most significant difference between a Python tuple and a Python list is that a List is mutable,
while a tuple is not. After defining a tuple, you can not add or remove values. In contrast, a list
allows you to add or remove values at will. This property can be an advantage; you can see it as
write protection. If a piece of data is not meant to change, using a tuple can prevent errors. After
all, six months from now, you might have forgotten that you should not change the data. Using a
tuple prevents mistakes.
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Python Dictionary
A dictionary is created by using curly braces. Inside these braces, we can add one or more key-value
pairs. The pairs are separated by commas when adding more than one key-value pair. The first
dictionary in our example associates keys (names like Jack and Pete) with values (their phone
numbers). The second dictionary is an empty one.
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Python Dictionary
A dictionary is created by using curly braces. Inside these braces, we can add one or more key-value
pairs. The pairs are separated by commas when adding more than one key-value pair. The first
dictionary in our example associates keys (names like Jack and Pete) with values (their phone
numbers). The second dictionary is an empty one.
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Python Dictionary
Access and delete a key-value pair
Default values and dict.get()
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05
Operators &
Conditional
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Comparison Operators
Operator Meaning
> Greater than
< Smaller Than
>= G or equal
<= S or equal
== Is equal
!= Is not equal
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Logical Operators
Operator What is does
And True if both
statements are true
or True if one of the
statements are true
Not Negates the
statement that
follows
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IF Statement
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IF…else Statement
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LAB 3
Create a code that checks if the
input email Is valid or not
1. “@gmail.com”.
2. You need to make all the letters
lowercase.
3. The email can not start with a
number. *
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