CHAPTER

Exercise 1 : NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs

2.1 THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. The enlarged end of penis is covered by a 6. If for some reason, the vasa efferentia in the
loose fold of skin is called .NCERT Page-44 / human reproductive system get blocked, the
N-28 (a) glans penis (b) foreskin gametes will not be transported from
(c) hymen (d) urethral meatus (a) testes to epididymis
NCERT Page-43 / N-27
2. The functional maturation of sperm in male, (b) epididymis to vas deferens
occurs in NCERT Page-48 / N-27 (c) ovary to uterus
(a) epididymis (b) vas deferens (d) vagina to uterus
(c) seminal vesicle (d) All of these
7. Which of the following is true regarding the
3. Which pathway of the male reproductive system male reproductive system?
is correct for the sperms transportation? NCERT Page-43 / N-27,28
NCERT Page- 43 / N-27 (a) Sperms are diploid.
(a) Vas efferentia → Vas deferens → Epididymis (b) It includes testes, accessory ducts and
(b) Vas deferens → Epididymis → Seminal glands, and oviducts.
vesicle (c) Epididymis → Vas deferens → Urethra
(c) The scrotum keeps the testes warmer, thus
(d) Rete testis → Epididymis → Vas efferentia helping it to promote the sperm formation.
4. The lead to vas deferens that ascends to the and (d) Sertoli cells are found in seminiferous
loops over the tubules and provide nutrition to germ cells.
NCERT Page-43 / N-27
(a) prostate, stomach, urinary bladder. 8. Which of the following pair is
(b) epididymis, abdomen, urinary bladder. incorrectly matched?
(c) vas efferentia, abdomen, ureter. (a) Leydig cells - Androgen.
(d) urinary bladder, ejaculatory duct, abdomen. NCERT Page-47 / N-27 , 28
(b) Spermatogenesis - Seminiferous tubules
5. Which of the following is a transporting tube (c) Male reproductive system - Pelvis region
leading from the bladder to which brings urine (d) Spermatocytes - Mitotic division
outside the body via penis?
NCERT Page-43 / N-27 9. Two types of cells present in the lining
(a) Urethra of seminiferous tubules are__and
(b) Epididymis (a) leydig cells, sertoli cells.
(c) Ejaculatory duct (d) Urethra meatus NCERT Page-43 / N-27, 28
(b) male germ cells, sertoli cells.
(c) spermatogonium, spermatids.
(d) primary oocyte, leydig cells.
10. Identify the structure on the basis of the given (b) Urinary bladder ejaculatory duct, bulbourethral
statement which surrounds the primary sex organ gland and seminal vesicles
of male reproductive system. "It is responsible for (c) Bulbourethral gland, urinary bladder,
maintaining the low temperature by about 2 − ejaculatory duct, and seminal vesicles.
2.5 ∘ C from normal body temperature to mature
sperm." (d) Seminal vesicles, urinary bladder,
NCERT Page-43/N-27, 28 ejaculatory duct and bulbourethral gland.
(a) Penis (b) Scrotum When semen is released by the penis into the
(c) Ureter (d) Urethra vagina during copulation, then it is called
(a) ovulation (b) insemination
11. Read the following statement and answer the NCERT Page-44 / N-28
question. "The urethra originates from a structure (c) menstruation (d) gametogenesis
(called ' X ) and extends through the male external
genitalia (called ' Y ' which helps in introducing
semen into the vagina) to its external opening 2.2 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
called urethral meatus." Identify x and Y.
NCERT Page-43/N-27, 28
(a) x-Urinary bladder; Y - Penis 15. Most of the primary follicles in the ovary normally
(b) x - Vas efferentia; Y - Penis (a) undergo atresia and disintegrate.
(c) x - Ejaculatory duct ; Y - Ureter (b) mature and are ovulated.
(d) x - Bulbourethral gland; Y – Ureter (c) are lost in the menstrual flow each month.
(d) develop throughout the life span.
12. The feature of some structures of male
reproductive system is given below. Identify the 16. Which of the following is not part of the
structure on the basis of the characteristics female external genitalia? NCERT Page-46 /
which surrounds the primary sex organ of male N-28
reproductive system. NCERT Page-43 / N-27, 28 (a) Clitoris (b) Vagina
(a) Its enlarged end is called glans penis. (c) Labia majora (d) Labia minora
(b) It travels through the penis and carry semen
as well as urine. 17. In human females, meiosis-II is not complete
(c) It is responsible for maintaining the low until? (a) fertilization (b) uterine implantation
temperature by about 2 − 2.5∘C from normal (c) birth (d) puberty
body temperature to mature sperm.
(d) Stores sperms prior to ejaculation. 18. If one ovary of 30 year old lady is removed
surgically then what happens in affected lady?
13. The given figure shows the male reproductive (a) Menstrual cycle is stopped
system. Some structures are marked as A, B, C,
and D. Identify the structure. (b) Menstrual cycle is normal but ovulation does
not occur
NCERT Page-43 / N-27, 28 (c) Duration of menstrual cycle is prolonged
(d) No effect on menstrual cycle

19. Asac shaped like an upside down pear with a

thick lining and muscles in the pelvic area where
a
fertilized egg or zygote comes to grow into a baby
is called
(a) oviduct (b) uterus
(c) vagina (d) vulva

20. Which of the following is a finger like

(a) Seminal vesicles, urinary bladder, structure and lies at the upper junction of the
bulbourethral gland and ejaculatory duct. two labia
minora above the urethral opening?
NCERT Page-46 / N-30
 (a) Clitoris (b) Oviduct
(c) Ampulla (d) Chorionic villi

2 1 . Which of the following statements regarding

mammary gland is incorrect?
NCERT Page-46 / N -30
(a) They arepaired glandular structure that lies
over the pectoral muscles.
(b) Each gland has 100 − 500 lobulated milk
glands each having a number of lobules
containing number of alveoli.
(c) The cells of alveoli secrete milk which is
stored in the cavity of the alveoli. (a) Mammary lobe, mammary duct, ampulla
(d) Each milk gland or lobules has lactiferous and lactiferous duct.
ducts that drain into openings in the nipple. (b) Ampulla, mammary duct, lactiferous duct
and mammary lobe.
22. The given figure shows the diagrammatic (c) Lactiferous duct, mammary lobe,
sectional view of female reproductive system with mammary lobe and ampulla.
few (d) Mammary duct, mammary lobe lactiferous duct
structures marked as A, B, C, D, E and F. and ampulla.

2.3 GAMETOGENESIS

24. In the process of spermatogenesis, first

maturation division is called NCERRI Page-47 /
N-31
(a) mitotic division
(b) reduction division
(c) amitotic division
Which of the following options shows the correct (d) None of the these
labeling of A − F ? NCERT Page-45 / N-29
(a) A → Myometrium, B → Isthmus, C →
Endometrium,D → Perimetrium, E → Ampulla, 25. The LH surge from the anterior pituitary gland
F → Infundibulum (a) occurs just prior to ovulation.
(b) A → Infundibulum, B → Perimetrium,C → NCERT Page-47 / N-31
Endometrium, D → Myometrium,E → Ampulla, (b) occurs just prior to menstruation.
F → Isthmus (c) stimulates an estrogen surge from the ovaries.
(c) A → Endometrium, B → Myometrium,C →
Perimetrium, D → Isthmus, E → Ampulla,F (d) is responsible for follicle development in the
→ Infundibulum uterus.
(d) A → Perimetrium, B → Endometrium, C →
Isthmus,D → Infundibulum, E → Ampulla, F 26. Which of the following statements about
→ Myometrium oogenesis is false?
NCERA Page-48, 49 / N-32, 33
23. Refer the figure of mammary gland with few (a) The polar bodies degenerate after the second
structures marked as A, B, C and D. Identify meiotic division.
the marked structures. (b) The ovum produced is haploid.
NCERT Page-46 / N-30 (c) The major growth phase of the primary
oocyte occurs in prophase-I.
(d) The primary oocyte is haploid.

27. In humans, male germs cells differentiate into the

end of first meiotic division.
NCERT Page-49 / N-31
(a) spermatid (b) spermatogonium
 (c) secondary spermatocyte 35. First polar body is formed during the formation of
(d) primary spermatocyte and_completion of meiotic division.
(a) Primary oocytes, II NCERT Page-49 / N-33
28. Increased secretion of which hormone start the (b) Secondary oocytes, 1
process of sperm formation at the time of (c) Secondary spermatocytes, II
puberty? NCERT Page-47 / N-31 (d) Primary spermatocytes, I
(a) GH (b) TSH
(c) PRL (d) GnRH 36. Second meiotic division in secondary oocyte
results in the formation of NCERT Page-49 / N-33
29. By which process sperms released from the (a) first polar body and a diploid ovum.
seminiferous tubules? NCERT Page-47 / N-31 (b) first polar body and a haploid ovum.
(a) Spermiation (b) Insemination (c) second polar body and a diploid ovum.
(c) Spermatogenesis (d) Spermiogenesis (d) second polar body and a haploid ovum
30. The mobility of a mature sperm is controlled 37. Which of the following shows the correct
by the mitochondria located in the sequence of events leading to the formation of
NCERT Page-48 / N-32 mature sperm? NCERT Page-47 / N-31
(a) Head (b) Middle piece (a) Spermatogonium → Secondary spermatocyte
(c) Tall (d) In all of them → Primary spermatocyte → Spermatids → Sperms.
(b) Spermatogonium → Spermatids → Secondary
31. Each spermatogonium which is diploid spermatocyte → Primary spermatocyte → Sperms.
contains how many chromosomes? NCERT (c) Spermatids → Primary spermatocyte →
Page 49 Secondary spermatocyte → Spermatogonium →
Sperms.
(a) 23 (b) 26
(d) Spermatogonium → Primary spermatocyte →
(c) 46 (d) 48 Secondary spermatocyte → Spermatids →
Sperms.
32. The acrosome enables the sperm to NCERT Page-48 / N-32
(a) help in motility. 38. The figure given below shows the sectional view of
(b) produce energy for activity. seminiferous tubule.
(c) penetrate vitelline membrane of ovum.
(d) fertilize more than one ovum.

33. Which of the following group of cells involved

in spermatogenesis represent haploid cells?
(a) Spermatogonium NCERT Page-47 / N-31
(b) Primary spermatocyte
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Secondary spermatocyte Which marked structure (A to D ) undergoes
second meiotic division to produce four
equal haploid cells (called spermatids)?
34. Select the option which shows the correct part of NCERT Page-47 / N-31
a sperm with its corresponding function.
(a) A (b) B
(a) Head: Stimulate Leydig cells to produce (c) C (4) D
androgen hormone.
(b) Neck: Essential for maturation and motility of 39. The figure given below shows the structure of
sperm. NCERT Page-48 / N-32 sperm. Identify the correct feature corresponding
(c) Middle piece: Produces energy from to the marked structure A, B, C and D.
mitochondria for tail movement which facilitate NCERT Page-48 / N-32
sperm motility.
(d) Tail: Help in fertilization with the help of
enzyme present in acrosome.
 (a) A: Primary follicle, it is also called gamete
mother cell.
(a) A - plasma membrane, B - tail, C - Acrosome, (b) B: Corpus luteum, it cannot be formed
D - Neck, E - middle piece and F - Mitochondria. and added afterbirth.
(b) A-middle piece, B - plasma membrane, C- (c) C: Grafian follicle, mature follicle which
Neck, D - Mitochondria, E - tail and F - ruptures to release secondary oocyte.
Acrosome. (d) D: Tertiary follicle, a large number of this
(c) A - Mitochondria, B - tail, C - Neck, D - follicle degenerates during the phase from birth to
plasma membrane, E - Acrosome and F - middle puberty.
piece.
(d) A-Acrosome, B - middle piece, C -
mitochondria, D - tail, E - plasma membrane and F 2.4 MENSTRUAL CYCLE
- Neck.

40. Seminal plasma in humans is rich in 45. Menstruation is triggered by a sudden decline in
NCERT Page-44 / N-28 the amount of hormone secreted by corpus
(a) fructose and calcium but no enzymes luteum. Identify the hormone. NCERT Page-51 / N -
(b) glucose and certain enzymes but has no calcium 34
(c) fructose and certain enzymes but poor in (a) Luteinizing hormone
calcium (b) Follicle stimulating hormone
(d) fructose, calcium and certain enzymes. (c) Progesterone (d) Estrogen

41. Semen is a constituent of seminal plasma 46. Level of which hormones are at their highest
with NCERT Page-48 / during the luteal phase (second half of the cycle)
N-32 of the menstrual cycle? NCERT Page-51 / N-34
(a) ovum (b) sperm (a) Estrogen (b) Progesterone
(c) zygote (d) follicle (c) Luteinizing hormone
(d) Follicular stimulating hormone
42. Which of the following contains a fluid filled
cavity called antrum? 47. Which phase of menstrual cycle is also called
(a) Primary spermatocyte. proliferative phase? NCERT Page-50 / N-34
NCERT Page-48 / N-32 (a) Luteal (b) Ovulatory
(b) Primary follicle of ovary. (c) Follicular (d) Menstruation
(c) Tertiary follicle of ovary.
(d) Secondary spermatocyte. 48. Which phase of menstrual cycle is also
called secretory phase? NCERT Page-50 /
43. Immediately after ovulation, the mammalian egg is N-34 (a) Luteal (b) Ovulatory
covered by a membrane known as
NCERT Page-49 (c) Follicular (d) Menstruation
(a) chorion (b) zona pellucida
(c) corona radiata (d) vitelline membrane 49. Which of the following indicates pregnancy?
NCERT Page-50 / N-34
44. The figure given below shows the sectional view (a) Lack of menstruation.
of ovary. Select the option which gives correct (b) Occurrence of menstrual flow.
identification of marked structure (A to D ) and (c) When released ovum is not fertilized.
its feature. NCERT Page-49 / N-33 (d) When Graafian follicle matures and
endometrium regenerates through proliferation.
50. The correct sequence of hormone secretion
from beginning of menstruation is
NCERT Page-51 / N-34, 35
(a) FSH,progesterone, estrogen.
(b) estrogen, FSH, progesterone.
(c) FSH, estrogen, progesterone.
(d) estrogen, progesterone, FSH.

51. Select the correct sequence of menstrual cycle. (a) Role of pituitary hormones levels.
NCERT Page-50 / N-34, 35 (b) Events occurring in uterine tissues.
(a) Menstruation, Secretory, Follicular, New cycle. (c) Role of ovarian hormone levels and growth
(b) Menstruation, Follicular, Luteal, New cycle. of ovarian follicles.
(c) Follicular, Menstruation, Luteal, New cycle. (d) Both (a) and (c).
(d) Luteal, Menstruation, Follicular, New cycle.
56. Which of the following hormones attains a
52. In human female, menopause is a stage in which peak level in the middle of menstrual cycle?
NCERT Page-51 / N-32 (a) LH and estrogen
(a) oogenesis starts at puberty. NCERT Page-51 / N-34
(b) menstruation starts at puberty. (b) FSH and progesterone
(c) FSH and LH
(c) corpus luteum starts secreting progesterone for (d) Estrogen and progesterone
maintaining pregnancy.
(d) menstruation stops at the age of 50 years
and reproductive capacity is arrested. 57. In normal pregnant women, the amount of
total gonadotropin activity was assessed. The
result expected was
53. Which of the following statement is
correct regarding menstruation? (a) high level of circulating FSH and LH in
the uterus to stimulate implantation of the
NCERT Page-51 / N-34, 35
embryo (b) high level of circulating hCG to
(a) The menstrual fluid can easily clot.
stimulate endometrial thickening
(b) The end of the cycle of menstruation is (c) high levels of FSH and LH in uterus
called menarche. to stimulate endometrial thickening
(c) At menopause in the female, there is
especially abrupt decrease in gonadotropic (d) high levels of circulating hCG to
hormones. stimulate estrogen and progesterone
synthesis.
(d) Both LH and FSH attain a peak-level in the
middle of cycle.
2.5 FERTILISATION AND IMPLANTATION
54. Menstruation is initiated by
NCERT Page-50 / N-34, 35
(a) a sudden release of FSH from the anterior 58. Which of the following stage of oogenesis forms
pituitary. a membrane called zona pellucida surrounding it?
(b) a lack of estrogens and progesterone due (a) Oogonia (b) Polar body
to degeneration of the corpus luteum. NCERT Page-52 / N- 36
(c) an increased release of estrogens (c) Corpus luteum (d) Secondary oocytes
and progesterone from the corpus
luteum. 59. At the time of implantation, the human embryo is
(d) a sudden drop in LH. called NCERT Page-53 / N-37
(a) zygote (b) blastocysts
55. Study the given figure and identify the correct (c) embryo (d) foetus
event occurring in this. NCERT Page-50 / N-34
60. Fusion of haploid nucleus of sperm and that
of ovum lead to the formation of
NCERT Page-52 / N -35
(a) (b) blastocysts
zygote (d) foetus
61. Which of the following differentiate into (c) Secretions of acrosome helps one sperm
embryo? NCERT Page-53 / enter cytoplasm of ovum through zona pellucida
N-36 and plasma membrane.
(a) Morula (b) Zygote (d) All sperms except the one nearest to the ovum
(c) Trophoblast (d) Inner cell mass lose their tails
62. In the given figure the structure of 67. Which of the following is the first change
blastocyst. Some art are labelled as A that occurs to the zygote after fertilization?
and B. (a) It divides to form a hollow ball of cells, called
the blastocyst. NCERT Page-52 & 53 / N-35
(b) It begins to secrete the hormones.
(c) It contacts the endometrial wall of the
uterus and becomes buried inside it.
(d) It initiates the formation of a placenta.

68. Presence of xx or xy chromosomes in

Which of the following option is correct? zygote depends on NCERT Page-52 /
(a) A-Inner mass, B-trophoblast N-36
(b) A-trophoblast, B- inner mass (a) the sperm carrying x chromosome fertilized
(c) A-follicular, B-Antrum the ovum.
(d) None of these (b) the sperm carrying y chromosome fertilized the
ovum.
63. At the time of fertilization, chromosome number (c) the sperm without any chromosome
NCERT Page-52 / N-36 fertilized the ovum.
(a) is halved (b) remains haploid (d) the sperm carrying xor y chromosomes
(c) becomes diploid (d) does not change fertilized the ovum.

69. In the given figure the structure of ovum is

64. Fertilization can only occurs if
surrounded by few sperms and some artare
NCERT Page-51 / N-35, 36
labelled as A, B, C and D.
(a) sperm reaches to the ampullary - isthmic
junction before the ovum.
(b) ovum reaches to the ampullary - isthmic
junction before the sperm.
(c) sperms are transported to the uterus and
ovum to the fallopian tube simultaneously.
(d) sperm and ovum are transported
simultaneously to the ampullary - isthmic junction.

65. Which of the following does not occur in the

time during and immediately following
fertilization?
(a) Fusion of the sperm and ovum nuclei.
NCERT Page-52 & 53 / N-35, 36
(b) Division of the oocyte cell by meiosis
(c) Implantation of the ovum in the uterus.
(d) Digestion of cell layers around the oocyte
by sperm.

6 6 . What happens during fertilization in humans after

many sperms reach close to the ovum?
(a) Cells of corona radiata trap all the sperms
except one NCERT Page-51 / N-36
(b) Only the closest sperm to the ovum penetrates
the zona pellucida.
 Which of the following options shows the
correct labelling?
(a) A → Zona pellucida; B → Ovuin'; C → Cells of
corona radiata, D → Perivitelline space
(b) A → Perivitelline space, B → Antrum, C →
Zona pellucida D → Ovum
(c) A → Zona pellucida, B → Ootid, C → Cells (a) Blastocysts, ready to fertilize with sperm.
of corona radiata, D → Perivitelline space
(d) A → Cells of corona radiata, B → Morula, C (b) Secondary oocyte, implants on
→ Perivitelline space, D → Zona pellucida endometrial layer of uterus.
(c) Morula, formed by mitotic division of zygote.
7 0 . Which layer of blastocysts gets attached to (d) Ovary, produce female gamete and
the endometrium? NCERT Page-53 / N- secretes hormones like estrogen etc
36
(a) Trophoblast (b) Inner cell mass 2.6
PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
(c) Umbilical cord (d) Both (a) and (c)

71. Blastomeres are daughter cells formed in the 73. In human embryology, the chorion is derived from
process of NCERT Page-52 / N-35 NCERT Page-53 / N-38
(a) cleavage, when zygote undergoes mitotic (a) Ectoderm (b) Mesoderm
division. (c) Endoderm (d) Trophoblast
(b) fertilization, when sperm enters in the
cytoplasm of ovum. 74. The majority of human organ formation
(c) implantation, when blastocysts attached to the occurs NCERT Page-54
uterine endometrium. / N-38
(d) gametogenesis, when male and female (a) entirely during the last trimester of pregnancy.
gametes are produced by testis and ovary (b) after implantation and during the first trimester
respectively of pregnancy.
(c) shortly before the onset of true labour.
72. The given figure represents a stage of (d) due to the stimulation generated during
embryonic development. Identify the stage with Braxton Hicks contractions.
its feature.
75. Placenta facilitate NCERT Page-53 / N-37
(a) the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the
embryo.
(b) removal of carbon dioxide.
(c) removal of excretory/waste materials.
(d) All of the above

76. Identical twins result when

(a) the zygo e divides and the daughter cells
split and deve op independently.
(b) two eEggs with identical genetic material
are fertilizedR, each by a different sperm.
(c) an emTbryo splits before cellular
differentiation has occurred.
(d) BothP(a) and (c)
77. What will happen to pregnancy if placenta fails 83. Which of the following hormone acts on uterine
to function during the gestation? muscle and causes its stronger contraction?
(a) The pregnancy would not continue. (a) Relaxin (b) Estrogen
(b) The foetus would be born prematurely. (c) Oxytocin (d) Progesterone
(c) There would be no effect on the pregnancy.
(d) The corpus luteum would continue 84. Which of the following induces foetal
produce hormone as an alternative source ejection reflex? NCERT Page-54
until birth. / N-38 (a) Initiation of lactation
(b) Fully developed foetus and placenta
78. Primary germ layers are (c) Expulsion of the baby out of the uterus.
NCERT Page-54 / N-38 (d) Transport of embryo in the fallopian tube.
(a) ectoderm and inner cell mass only.
(b) trophoblast, ectoderm and mesoderm. 8 5 . During parturition, a pregnant woman is having
(c) endoderm and mesoderm only. prolonged labour pains and child birth has to be
(d) ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. fastened. It is advisable to administer a hormone
that can NCERT Page-54 / N-38
79. Which of the following hormones is produced (a) increase the metabolic rate.
in women only during pregnancy? (b) release glucose in the blood.
NCERT Page-53 / N-37 (c) stimulate the ovary.
(a) Relaxin (b) Estrogen (d) activate smooth muscles.
(c) Oxytocin (d) Progesterone
86. Study the statement given below and answer the
80. By the end of how many weeks, major question. 'Vigorous contraction of the ' x ' at the end
organ system are formed during the of the ' Y ' causes expulsion of the foetus." Identify x
embryonic and Y.
development? NCERT Page-54 / N-38 (a) X-Vagina ; Y - Fertilization
(a) 4 weeks (b) 8 weeks NCERT Page-54 / N-38
(c) 12 weeks (d) 24 weeks (b) x - Uterus; Y - Pregnancy
(c) x - Placenta ; Y - Implantation
(d) x - Embryo ; Y – Ovulation
81. All of the following statements
concerning pregnancy are accurate 87. Signals for parturition originate from:
EXCEPT NCERT Page-54 / N-38
(a) the detection of human chorionic (a) Both placenta as well as fully developed
gonadotropin in the urine forms the basis for foetus (b) Oxytocin released from maternal
pregnancy tests. pituitary
(b) the cyclic release of pituitary (c) Placenta only
gonadotropins and ovarian steroids is (d) Fully developed foetus only
continued.
(c) the mammary gland tissue of the
pregnant woman is stimulated to develop by
placental hormones.
(d) the corpus luteum of pregnancy maintains
the uterus until the placenta is well established.

Exercise 2 : NCERT
2.7 PARTURITION AND
82. Colostrum NCERT Page-54 / N-38 EXEMPLAR & NEET
(a) is a hormone essential for milk secretion.
(b) can be synthesized by the newborn infant
but not by a foetus.
(c) stimulates further secretion of oxytocin NCERT EXAMPLAR QUESTIONS
for uterine contraction.
(d) is a source of antibodies essential to 1. Choose the incorrect statement from the following
develop resistance against diseases in new born (a) In birds and mammals internal fertilisation
babies.
takes place
 (b) Colostrum contains antibodies and nutrients 8. Which one of the following is not a male
(c) Polyspermy is prevented by the accessory gland?
chemical changes in the egg surface (a) Seminal vesicle (b) Ampulla
(d) In the human female implantation occurs (c) Prostate (d) Bulbourethral gland
almost seven days after fertilization
9. The immature male germ cell undergo division to
2. Identify the wrong statement from the following. produce sperms by the process of
(a) High levels of estrogen triggers the spermatogenesis. Choose the correct one with
ovulatory surge. reference to above.
(b) Oogonial cells start to proliferate and give NCERT Page-49
rise to functional ova in regular cycle from (a) Spermatogonia have 46 chromosomes
puberty and always undergo meiotic cell division
onwards. (b) Primary spermatocytes divide by mitotic cell
(c) Sperms released from seminiferous tubules division
are poorly motile/non-motile. (c) Secondary spermatocytes have 23
(d) Progesterone level is high during the chromosomes and undergo second meiotic division
post ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle. (d) Spermatozoa are transformed into spermatids
3. Spot the odd one out from the following 10. Which among the following has 23 chromosomes?
structures with reference to the male reproductive NCERT Page-49
system (a) Spermatogonia (b) Zygote
(a) Rete testis (b) Epididymis (c) Secondary oocyte (d) Oogonia
(c) Vasa efferentia (d) Isthmus
11. Which of the following hormones is not
4. Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is secreted by human placenta?
contributed by NCERT Page- 4 4 (a) Hcg (b) Estrogens
I. Seminal vesicle NCERT Page-53
II. Prostate (c) Progesterone (d) LH
III. Urethra
IV. Bulbourethral gland 12. The vas deferens receives duct from the seminal
(a) I and II (b) I, II and IV vesicle and opens into urethra as NCERT Page-43
(c) II, III and IV (d) I and IV (a) epididymis (b) ejaculatory duct
(c) efferent ductule (d) ureter
5. Spermiation is the process of the release of
sperms from NCERT Page-47 / N-31 13. Urethral meatus refers to the:
(a) seminiferous tubules (b) vas deferens NCERT Page-43
(c) epididymis (d) prostate gland (a) urinogenital duct
(b) opening of vas deferens into urethra
6. Mature Graafian follicle is generally present in (c) external opening of the urinogenital duct
the ovary of a healthy human female around (d) muscles surrounding the urinogenital duct
(a) 5-8 day of menstrual cycle
NCERT Page-50 / N- 35 14. Morula is a developmental stage
(b) 11- 17 day of menstrual cycle NCERT Page-52
(c) 18-23 day of menstrual cycle (a) between the zygote and blastocyst
(d) 24-28 day of menstrual cycle (b) between the blastocyst and gastrula
(c) after the implanation
7. Acrosomal reaction of the sperm occurs due to (d) between implanation and parturition
NCERT Page-51
(a) its contact with zona pellucida of the ova 15. The membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is
( b ) reactions within the uterine environment of NCERT Page-51
the female (a) coröna radiata (b) zona
(c) reactions within the epididymal environment of (c) zona pellucida radiata (d)
the male
(d) androgens produced in the uterus
16. Identify the odd one from the 21. The amnion of mammalian embryo is derived
following. (a) labia minora (b) from
fimbriae (a) ectoderm and mesoderm
(c) infundibulum (d) isthmus (b) endoderm and mesoderm
(c) ectoderm and endoderm
NEET QUESTIONS (d) mesoderm and trophoblast

17. Fertilization in humans is practically feasible 22. Hormones secreted by the placenta to maintain
only if pregnancy are NCERT Page-53 / N-37 |
(a) the sperms are transported into vagina (a) hCG, hPL, progestogens, prolactin
just after the release of ovum in fallopian tube (b) hCG, hPL, estrogens, relaxin, oxytocin
(b) the ovum and sperms are transported (c) hCG, progestogens, estrogens, glucocorticoids
simultaneously to ampullary isthmic junction (d) hCG, hPL, progestogens, estrogens
of the fallopian tube
(c) the ovum and sperms are transported 23. Extrusion of second polar body from egg
simultaneously to ampullary - isthmic junction nucleus occurs:
of the cervix (a) after entry of sperm but before
(d) the sperms are transported into cervix within fertilisation (b) after fertilisation
48 hrs of release of ovum in uterus (c) before entry of sperm into ovum
(d) simultaneously with first cleavage
18. Select the incorrect statement :
NCERT Page-51 / N-32 24. Select the correct sequence for transport of
(a) FSH stimulates the sertoli cells which help sperm cells in male reproductive system
in spermiogenesis (a) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia →
(b) LH triggers ovulation in ovary Rete testis → Inguinal canal → Urethra
(c) LH and FSH decrease gradually during the (b) Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis →
follicular phase Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens
→
( d ) LH triggers secretion of androgens from Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus
the Leydig cells (c) Seminiferous tubules → Vasa efferentia
→ Epididymis → Inguinal canal → Urethra
19. Capacitation occurs in : (d) Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia →
(a) Epididymis (b) Vas deferens Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Inguinal
(c) Female reproductive tract (d) Rete testis canal → Urethra → Urethral meatus
25. Which of the following hormone levels will
20. The difference between spermiogenesis and cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the
spermiation is NCERT Page-47 / N-31 | graffian
(a) In spermiogenesis spermatids are formed, follicle?
while in spermiation spermatozoa are formed. (a ) High concentration of Progesterone
(b) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are NCERT ( Page-50 / N-34 |
formed, while in spermiation spermatids are (b) Low concentration of LH
formed. (c) Low concentration of FSH
(c) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa are formed, (d) High concentration of Estrogen
while in spermiation spermatozoa are released
from sertoli cells into the cavity of 26. Meiotic division of the secondary oocyte
seminiferous tubules. is completed
(d) In spermiogenesis spermatozoa from sertoli (a) At the time of copulation
cells are released into the cavity of (b) After zygote formation
seminiferous tubules, while in spermiation (c) At the time of fusion of a sperm with an ovum
spermatozoa are formed.
(d) Prior to ovulation
27. Match the following columns and select the correct option.
NCERT Page-49 / N-33 |.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Placenta (i) Androgens
(B) Zona pellucida (ii) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
(C) Bulbo-urethral glands (iii) Layer of the ovum
(D) Leydig cells (iv) Lubrication of the Penis
(A) (B)(C) (D)
(a) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(b) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i).
(c) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(d) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

28. Receptors for sperm binding in mammals are present on : NCERT Page-51 / N-35 |
(a) Zona pellucida (b) Corona radiata
(c) Vitelline membrane (d) Perivitelline space

29. Which of these is not an important component of initiation of parturition in

humans? (a) Release of prolactin NCERT (Page-
54 / N-38 (b) Increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio
(c) Synthesis of prostaglandins
(d) Release of oxytocin

30. Which of the following secretes the hormone, relaxin, during the later phase of pregnancy?
(a) Uterus (b) Graafian follicle NCERT Page-53 / N-37
(c) Corpus luteum. (d) Foetus
Given below are two statements: NCERT Page-47 / N-31 |
Statement I: The release of sperms into the seminiferous tubules is called spermiation.
Statement II: Spermiogenesis is the process of formation of sperms from spermatogonia.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

3 2 . Which of the following statements are true spermatogenesis but do not hold true Oogenesis?
(i) It results in the formation of haploid gametes NCERT Page-47, 48 & 49 / N-31, 32, 33 |
(ii) Differentiation of gamete occurs after the completion of meiosis
(iii) Meiosis occurs continuously in a mitotically dividing stem cell population
(iv) It is controlled by the Luteinising hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by
the anterior pituitary
(v) It is initiated at puberty
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) (ii) and (iii) only (b) (ii), (iv) and (v) only
(c) (ii), (iii) and (v) only' (d) (iii) and (v) only

33. At which stage of life the oogenesis process is initiated? NCERT Page-48 / N-32 |
(a) Embryonic development stage (b) Birth
(c) Adult (d) Puberty
34. Given below are two statements: NCERT Page-44 / N-28
Statement I: Vas deferens receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct.
Statement II: The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which along with vagina forms birth canal. In
the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true.

35. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason
R. Assertion A: Endometrium is necessary for implantation of blastocyst.
Reason R: In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates that causes disintegration of endometrium.
NCERT Page-53 / N-35, 36
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given
below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Exercise 3 : MATCHING, STATEMENTS &

ASSERTION REASON TYPE
MATCH THE FOLLOWING

1. In the given columns, column I contain structures of male reproductive system and column
II contains its feature. Select the correct match from the options given below.
NCERT Page-43,44 / N-27, 28
Column I Column II
(Structure of Male Reproductive System) (Features)

A. Seminiferous tubule I. Network of seminiferous tubule

B. Rete testis II. Secondary sexual characters

C. Leydig cells III. Meiosis and sperm formation

occurs

D. Glans Penis IV. Place of implantation

V. Enlarged end of penis

(a) A-I; B - II; C-III; D -V (b) A − IIIB − I; C − II; D − V

 (c) A − IIIB − I; C − IV; D − II (d) A-II; B - IV; C - III; D – V

2. In the given columns, column-I contain structures of female reproductive system and column-II contain its
feature. Select the correct match from the option given below. NCERT Page-45,46 / N-28, 29, 30
Column- 1 Column-II
(Structures of female (Features)
reproductive system)

It undergoes cyclical changes

A. Ampulla I. during menstrual cycle.

B. Labia majora II. It helps in collection ofovum

after ovulation.

C. Oviduct III. Wider part of fallopian tube where fusion of male and
female gametes takes place.

D. Fimbriae IV. Larger hairy folds which extend down from the mons pubis
and surrounds the vaginal opening.

V. Also called fallopian tubes, which extend from the periphery of

each ovary to the womb.
(a) A − I; B − II; C − III; D − V (b) A − III; B − I; C − II; D − V
(c) A − III; B − IV; C − V; D − II (d) A-II; B - IV; C-III; D – V

3. Match the column-I with column-II and select the correct option. Match from the options given below
NCERT Page-48 / N-32
Column-I Column-II

It is formed when oogonia

A. Primary oocyte I. starts division and temporarily
arrested at phase of meiosis I.

A large haploid cell which

B. Secondary II.
oocyte retains bulk of nutrient rich
cytoplasm of the primary oocyte.

A large number of these

C. Primary follicle III. degenerate during the
phase from puberty to birth.

D. V. Rupture to release ovum from

Graafian follicle the ovary.
(a) A-I; B - II; C - III; D – V (b) A − III; B − I; C − IV; D − V
(c) A − II; B − IV; C − V; D − III (d) A-II; B - IV; C - III; D – V
4. Match the column-I with column-II and select the correct option. NCERT Page-52 & 53 / N-35, 36

Column-I Column-II
A. Fertilization I. Mitotic division

B. Implantation II. Embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres

C. Cleavage III. Ampullary-isthmic junction

Structure formed by the

D. Morula IV. continuous division of
8 to 16 blastomeres

V. Embedding of
blastocysts in the
endometrium
(a) A − I; B − II; C − IV; D − V
(b) A − III B - I; C-IV; D - II
(c) A − III; B − V; C − I; D − IV
(d) A − III; B − V; C − I; D − II

5. Match the hormones given in column-I with their functions given in column-II and select the correct option.
NCERT Page-51,53 & 54 / N-37

Column-I Column-II
(Hormones) (Functions)

A. Luteinizing hormone I. Develop corpus luteum

Essential for maintenance

B. Progesterone II. of uterine layer (called
endometrium)

C. Estrogen III. Develops female

secondary Sexual
characters

D. Oxytocin IV. Maturation of

Graafian hormone
follicle
V. Causes uterine contraction.
(a) A-I; B - V; C-III; D - IV
(b) A − III; B − I; C − II; D − V
(c) A − I; B − II; C − III D - V
(d) A-I; B - II; C - III; D – IV
6. In the given columns, column-I contain features of developing child and column-II contain the time of
their occurrence. Select the correct match.
Column-I Column-II
(Features of developing child) (Time of there occurrence)

A. I. By the end of the

Heart sound second month of
pregnancy

B. Foetus develops III. During the fifth Month

limbs and digit

Formation of III. First sign of

c. major organ growing foetus
system
D.
First movement of
foetus and IV. By the end of 12 weeks
appearance of hair on
head

V. By the end of 24 weeks

(a) A-I; B - II; C-III; D - IV

(b) A − III; B − I; C − IV; D − II
(c) A − II; B − I; C − III; D − V
(d) A - III; B - IV; C - II; D - V

7. Match between the following representing parts of the sperm and their functions and choose the correct
option.
Column I Column II
A. Head I. Enzymes
B. Middle piece II. Sperm motility
C. Acrosome III. Energy
D. Tail IV. Genetic material

A B C D

(a) II IV III
I

(b) IV III I II

(c) IV I I III
I
(d) II I IV
8.
 Match the following and choose the correct options. NCERT Page-52 &53/ N-37
Column 1 Column II

A. Trophoblast I. Embedding of
blastocyst in the
endometrium

Group of cells that

B. Cleavage II. would
differentiate as embryo

Outer layer of
C. Inner cell mas III. Blastocyst attached to
the endometrium

D. Implantation IV. Mitotic division of zygote

A B C D
(a) II I III IV
(b) III IV II I
(c) III I II IV

(d) I
II IV III

9. Match the items given in Column I with those Column II and select the NCERT Page-49 & 50 / N-34
Column I Column II

A. Proliferative Phase I. Breakdown of

endometrial lining

B. Secretory Phase II. Follicular Phase

C. Menstruation III. Luteal Phase
D. Menarche IV At puberty
A BCD
(a) III II I IV
(b) I III II IV
(c) III I II IV
(d) II III, I IV
 TWO STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS

DIRECTION: Read the statements carefully and (iii) At puberty only 60,000 − 80,000 primary
answer the question on the basis of following follicles are left in each ovary.
options. (iv) Secondary oocyte within tertiary follicles
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect grows in size and completes its second meiotic
(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is division.
incorrect (v) The primary oocyte forms a new membrane
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is called vona pellucida.
correct (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(d) Statement II is correct but statement I is (c) (ii), (iv) & (v) (d) all the five
statements. incorrect.
16. The division of primary oocyte results in:
10. Statement I: Parturition is induced by a complex (i) unequal cells a smaller haploid secondary
oocyte
neuroendocrine mechanism. Statement II: and a larger diploid polar body.
Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes (ii) unequal cells a larger haploid secondary oocyte
stronger uterine contractions. NCERT Page-54 / N-38 and a smaller haploid polar body.
(iii) unequal cells a smaller diploid secondary
11. Statement I: The uterine cells divide rapidly and oocyte and a larger haploid polar body.
covers the blastocyst. (iv) equal cells a haploid secondary oocyte and a
Statement II: The blastomeres continues to divide haploid polar body.
and transforms into blastocyst. NCERT Page-53 / N-36 (a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii)
(c) Only (iii) (d) Only (iv)
12. Statement I: The head of sperm contains materials
which helps in sex-determinate in foetus. 17. Which of the following statement regarding female
NCERT - 43 / N-32 reproductive system is (are) correct?
Statement II: The function of mitochondria in (i) Myometrium undergoes strong contraction at
sperm is to provide energy for the movement of the time of delivery of baby.
sperm. (ii) Ovary is secondary female sex organ which
produces female gamete and steroid hormones.
13. Statement I: Clitoris lies at the upper junction of (iii) Ovarian stroma is divided into two zones:
the two labia minora. inner cortex and outer medulla.
Statement II: The valve includes mons pubis, labia (iv) Infundibulum possess finger like projections
mayera labia minora, clitoris and hymen. which help in collection of ovum after the release
NCERT -46 / N-30 of secondary oocyte.
(v) The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow
14. Statement I: The second meiotic division results in cervix.
the formation of a first polar body. NCERT Page-52/N-32 (a) (i), (iv) and (v) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Statement II: The haploid nucleus of the sperms (c) (iii), (iv) and (v) (d) All the four statements
and ovum fuse together to form a diploid zygote.
18. Which of the following statements are correct with
pe
s cse cpl a centa?
Four/Five Statement Type Questions Pl a centa secretes relaxin during later stage of
pregnancy. NCERTI Page-53 / N-37
15. Select the correct statements regarding oogenesis. (ii) Placenta secretes high amount of FSH during
NCERT (Page-48 & 49 / N-32 pregnancy.
(i) It is initiated during the embryonic (iii) Placenta secretes relaxin during initial stage of
development stage when millions of oogonia pregnancy.
are formed within each ovary. (iv) Placenta secretes hCG and hPL during
(ii) Graafian follicle releases primary oocyte from pregnancy.
the ovary by ovulation.
 (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) Reason : Progesterone level decreases.
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) NCERT Page-51 / N-35

21. Assertion : Head of sperm consists of acrosome and

Assention& Reason Questions Reason :Middle
mitochondria . piece contains spiral row of
DIRECTION: These questions consist of two mitochondria.
statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. NCERT Page-48/N N-32
While answering these questions, you are required
to choose any one of the following four responses. 22. Assertion : Testicular lobules are the
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the compartments present in testis.
correct explanation of (A) (b) (A) is correct but Reason : These lobules are involved in the
(R) is not correct process of fertilisation.
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct NCERT Page-43 / N-27, 28
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is
the correct explanation of (A) 23. Assertion: Placenta is an endocrine Tissue.
Reason: It secretes many hormones during
19. Assertion : During fertilisation, acrosome help pregnancy.
the sperm enter into the cytoplasm through zona NCERT Page-53 / N-37
pellucida. Reason : If several spermatozoa hit
the egg at same time, all can enter the egg. 24. Assertion : In females, parturition occurs after the
NCERT Page-51 / N-35 pregnancy.
Reason : Signal for parturition originates from
20. Assertion : Corpus luteum degenerates in the fully developed embryo. NCERT Page-54 / N-38
absence of fertilisation.

Answer Keys
Exercise-1 ( NCERT Based Topic- wise MCQs)
1 (b) 10 (b) 19 (b) 28 (d) 37 (d) 46 (b) 55 (c) 64 (d) 73 (d) 82 (d)
2 (d) 11 (a) 20 (a) 29 (a) 38 (b) 47 (c) 56 (c) 65 (c) 74 (b) 83 (c)
3 (c) 12 (c) 21 (b) 30 (b) 39 (a) 48 (a) 57 (d) 66 (c) 75 (d) 84 (b)
4 (b) 13 (d) 22 (c) 31 (c) 40 (d) 49 (a) 58 (d) 67 (a) 76 (d) 85 (d)
5 (a) 14 (b) 23 (a) 32 (c) 41 (b) 50 (c) 59 (b) 68 (d) 77 (b) 86 (b)
6 (a) 15 (a) 24 (b) 33 (d) 42 (c) 51 (b) 60 (a) 69 (a) 78 (d) 87 (a)
7 (d) 16 (b) 25 (a) 34 (c) 43 (c) 52 (d) 61 (d) 70 (a) 79 (a)
8 (d) 17 (a) 26 (d) 35 (b) 44 (c) 53 (d) 62 (b) 71 (a) 80 (c)
9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (c) 36 (d) 45 (c) 54 (b) 63 (c) 72 (c) 81 (b)
 Exercise-2 (NCERT Exemplar & NEET)
1 (c) 5 (a) 9 (c) 13 (c) 17 (b) 21 (a) 25 (d) 29 (a) 33 (a)
2 (b) 6 (b) 10 (c) 14 (a) 18 (c) 22 (d) 26 (c) 30 (c) 34 (a)
3 (d) 7 (a) 11 (d) 15 (a) 19 (c) 23 (a) 27 (c) 31 (b) 35 (b)
4 (b) 8 (b) 12 (b) 16 (a) 20 (c) 24 (b) 28 (a) 32 (c)

Exercise-3 ( Matching, Statement & Assertion Reason Type)

1 (b) 4 (d) 7 (b) 10 (d) 13 (b) 16 (b) 19 (b) 22 (b)
2 (c) 5 (c) 8 (b) 11 (b) 14 (c) 17 (a) 20 (a) 23 (d)
3 (b) 6 (b) 9 (d) 12 (c) 15 (b) 18 (a) 21 (c) 24 (d)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1
1. (b) Foreskin is a double-layered fold of smooth meiosis I to produce two haploid secondary
muscle tissue; bloodvessels, neurons, skin, and spermatocytes. Each of the two secondary
mucous membrane that covers and protects the spermatocytes further undergoes meiosis II to
glans penis and the urinary meatus when the penis produce two haploid spermatids.
is not erect. The foreskin is mobile, fairly 9. (b)
stretchable, and acts as a natural lubricant. 10. (b)
2. (d) Secretions of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal 11. (a) The urethra originates from a structure [called
vesicle and prostate are essential for maturation urinary bladder (x)] and extends through the male
and motility of sperms. external genitalia [called penis (y) which helps
3. (c) Epididymis lies between vas efferents and in introducing semen into the vagina] to its
vas deferens. external opening called urethral meatus.
4. (b) The epididymis leads to vas deferens that 12. (c) The scortum helps in maintaining the low
ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary temperature of the testes 2 − 2.5∘C which is
bladder. lower than of normal body temperature.
5. (a) The urethra originates from the urinary bladder 13. (d)
and extends through the penis to its external 14. (b) The process of insemination is the release of
opening called urethral meatus. semen containing male gametes, the sperms, into
6. (a) the female reproductive tract during coitus.
7. (d) Sperm are haploid male gametes. Oviducts 15. (a) Although the human female is born with
area part of female reproductive system. Scrotum millions of primordial follicles in the ovaries
that can give rise to primary, secondary and
maintains testes at lower (2-2.5 degrees) than
mature follicles, the vast majority become
normal body temperature. Sertoli cells certainly
atretic.
nourish the developing male germ cells.
8. (d) A spermatogonium divides into two Although a number of follicles begin to develop
each month, only one primary follicle matures to
primary spermatocytes. Each primary
spermatocyte become the dominant follicle that is ovulated in
each monthly ovarian cycle. Approximately 400
duplicates its DNA and subsequently undergoes
 mature follicles are ovulated during the undergoes meiosis II to produce two haploid
reproductive life of the human female. spermatids. Therefore, total four equal, haploid
16. (b) The vagina is an internal reproductive organ spermatids are producted after second meiotic
and is not considered part of the vulva. division.
17. (a) 28. (d) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is
18. (c) released from the anterior pituitary. GnRH
19. (b) The uterus is a female reprofductive organ activity is very low during childhood, and is
located between the bladder and the rectum, in the activated at
pelvic area. The main purpose of the uterus is to puberty or adolescence. At the puberty increased
nourish a foetus prior to birth. In menstruating secretion of GnRH start the process of sperm
females, the ovaries release eggs which travel formation.
via the fallopian tubes to the uterus. 29. (a) The mature spermatozoa are released from the
20. (a) Clitoris is a small, sensitive, erectile part of protective sertoli cells into the lumen of the
the female genitals at the anterior end of the seminiferous tubule and a process called
vulva. It is homologous with the penis. spermiation then takes place, which removes the
21. (b) The glandular tissue of each breast is divided remaining unnecessary
into 15-20 mammary lobes containing clusters of 30. (b) cytoplasm and organelles.
cells called alveoli. 31. (c) Each human somatic cell is diploid with a set
22. (c) In the given figure of female reproductive of pair of 23 chromosomes, so the total number of
system, the marked structures (A to F ) are the chromosomes is 46 . Spermatogonia are
parts of uterus and fallopian tube. A to F are also diploid in nature having 46
respectively endometrium, myometrium, chromosomes.
perimetrium, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum. 32. (c) The acrosome (head of the sperm) contains
23. (a) The structures marked in the figure of the necessary enzymes (hyaluronidase and
mammary gland are A-mammary lobe, B- acrosin) to penetrate the membrane of the ovum.
mammary duct C-ampulla, and D-lactiferous duct. 33. (d) Secondary spermatocytes are the result of
The mammary gland is a gland located in the meiotic division, so they are the haploid
breasts of females that is responsible for ones.
lactation. Mammary glands only produce milk 34. (c)
after 35. (b) First polar body is formed during the
childbirth. Mammary lobe (A) contains clusters formation of secondary oocytes and completion of
of cells called alveoli which secrete milk which is Ist meiotic division. In humans, the secondary
stored in the cavities of alveoli. oocytes are
24. (b) The immature male germ cells or primary produced when the primary oocytes complete
spermatocyte duplicates its DNA and subsequently meiosis I.
undergoes meiosis I which is a reductional division 36. (d) Second meiotic division in secondary oocyte
to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes. results in the formation of a second polar body &
25. (a) The LH surge is a peak burst of LH from the a haploid ovum (ootid).
anterior pituitary gland, which causes ovulation. It 37. (d) A spermatogonium divides into two primary
occurs in the middle of the ovarian cycle and is spermatocytes. Each primary spermatocyte
stimulated by the positive feedback of a high duplicates its DNA and subsequently undergoes
blood level of estrogen that is sustained for 48 to meiosis-I to produce two haploid secondary
50 spermatocytes. Each of the two secondary
hours. Although FSH and LH stimulate follicle spermatocytes further undergoes meiosis II to
development at the beginning of a cycle, it is produce two haploid spermatids.
the LH surge that results in the rupture of the
38. (b) ' B ' are the secondary spermatocytes
dominant follicle from the ovary. which further undergoes meiosis II to produce
26. (d) During oogenesis, the primary oocyte is two
diploid; after the first meiotic division into haploid spermatids.
the secondary oocyte the cell becomes 39. (a) In the given figure, A, B, C, D, E and F are
haploid. marked as plasma membrane, tail, acrosome,
27. (c) Each primary spermatocyte duplicates its DNA neck, middle piece and mitochondria.
and subsequently undergoes meiosis I to produce 40. (d) Seminal plasma is secreted from male
two equal, haploid secondary spermatocytes. Each acessory glands & it is rich in fructose, calcium
of the two secondary spermatocytes further and certain enzymes.
41. (b) Semen, or seminal fluid, is an alkaline fluid that
contains spermatozoa embedded in seminal plasma.
 Semen is ejaculated by male reproductive secretory phase just follows the former and
system during orgasm. completes the cycle. Then, all new cycle
42. (c) In biology, antrum is a general term for a begins thereafter.
cavity or chamber, which may have specific 52. (d) In human beings, menstrual cycles
meaning in ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed
reference to certain organs or sites in the body. as
Tertiary follicle of ovary contains a fluid filled menopause.
cavity called antrum and a secondary oocyte 53. (d) Menstrual cycle is the cycle of natural
ready for ovulation. changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an
43. (c) Immediately after ovulation, the layer that essential part of making sexual reproduction
forms around the ovum is called corona radiata. It possible.
is formed by the granulosa cells of cumulus Menstrual fluid cannot easily clot. The end of the
oophorus. Corona radiata probably increases the cycle of menstruation is called menopause.
likelihood that the ovum will be picked up in During the follicular phase, gonadotropins (LH
the uterine tube. and FSH) increase gradually and stimulate
44. (c) Oogonia are called as gamete mother cell. follicular
Corpus luteum is formed as a temporary endocrine development as well as secretion of estrogen
structure after the ovulation. It is involved in the by growing follicles.
production of relatively high levels of 54. (b) A decrease in estrogen and progesterone as the
progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and corpus luteum degenerates (in the absence of
inhibin A to pregnancy) initiates menstruation.
maintain pregnancy. A large number of primary 55. (c) The given figure shows the role of ovarian
follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to hormones and growth of ovarian follicles in
puberty. the various phases of menstrual cycle.
45. (c) The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of 56. (c) Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in
progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the middle of menstrual cycle (about 14th
the endometrium and the pregnancy but its day)
decrease in secretion triggers the menstrual cycle. resulting in ovulation.
46. (b) The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed 57. (d) Placenta acts as an endocrine gland during
by the luteal phase (latter phase of the menstrual pregnancy and produces several hormones include
cycle) during which the remaining parts of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen,
Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum, progesterone and so on. hCG stimulates the corpus
which produces progesterone. So progesterone is luteum to secrete progesterone.
highest at luteal phase. 58. (d) The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein thick
47. (c) The menstrual phase is followed by the noncellular membrane surrounding the plasma
follicular phase. During this phase, the primary membrane of an oocyte or secondary oocytes.
follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully 59. (b) During human embryogenesis, the blastocyst
mature Graafian follicle and simultaneously the arises from themorula in the uterus, after 5 days of
endometrium of uterus regenerates through fertilization. The early embryo undergoes cell,
proliferation. differentiation and structural changes to become
48. (a) Luteal phase is also called as the the blastocyst. It is then prepared for implantation
secretory phase of menstruation cycle. The into the uterine wall 6 days after fertilization.
luteal phase Implantation marks the end of the germinal
begins with the formation of the corpus luteum stage and the beginning of the embryonic stage
and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis. The of
main development.
hormone associated with this stage is 60. (a) In sexual reproduction in organisms, when the
progesterone, which is significantly higher during two nuclei of male and female gametes fuse
the lutealphase thanother phases of the cycle. together the immediate cell which is formed is
49. (a) During pregnancy, all events of the called the zygote. The zygote goes on to become
menstrual cycle stop and there is no an embryo and later stages of development.
menstruation. 61. (d) In the blastocyst, the blastomeres are arranged
50. (c) FSH, estrogen, progesterone into an outer layer called trophoblast and an inner
51. (b) The cycle starts with the menstrual phase. group of cells attached to trophoblast called the
When menstrual flow occurs, it lasts for 3 − 5
days. The menstrual phase is followed by the inner cell mass. The trophoblast layer then gets
follicular phase or proliferative phase. The luteal or attached to the endometrium and the inner cell
mass gets differentiated
62. (b) 76. (d) If an embryo splits before cell fate has
been determined, identical twins may result.
77. (b)
78. (d) Primary germ layers are ectoderm, endoderm
& mesoderm. Many animals are primarily
triploblastic, as endoderm (inner) and ectoderm
(outer) interact to produce a third germ layer,
called mesoderm (middle). Together, the three
63. (c) Fertilization through the process of the
germ layers will give rise to every organ in the
fusion of haploid male and female gametes,
body, from skin and hair to the digestive tract.
ensures the restoration of the diploidy of the
human foetus. 79. (a) ,
64. (d) The ampullary-isthmus junction is the 80. (c) By the end of 12 weeks (first trimester),most
particular place where actually fertilization of the major organ systems are formed, for
occurs. This is the crucial place for the example, the limbs and external genital organs
fertilization are well-
because the ovum released by the ovary is developed.
transported to the ampullary-isthmic junction. 81. (b) The high levels of estrogen and progesterone
65. (c) Implantation is not the immediate process. It in the maternal circulation during pregnancy
takes 5 days to occur after fertilization. inhibit the cyclic release of pituitary
gonadotropins and
66. (c) During fertilization in humans, when many
sperms reach close to the ovum, the secretion of prevent the menstrual cycles. Pregnancy hormones
acrosome helps the sperm to enter into the include hCG, which maintains the corpus luteum
of pregnancy and forms the basis for pregnancy
cytoplasm of the ovum through the zona
pellucida and the plasma membrane. This induces diagnosis urine tests. Ovarian and placental
the estrogen and progesterone, human placental
lactogen, and pituitary prolactin stimulate
completion of themeiotic division of the
secondary oocyte. development of the ducts and alveoli in
the mammary glands.
67. (a) The zygote divides mitotically to form 8,16
82. (d) Milk produced during the initial few days of
daughter cells called blastomeres. This stage is
called morula which continues to divide and lactation is called colostrum. This contains several
transforms into blastocyst. antibodies absolutely essential to develop
68. (d) Ovum contains the haploid set of chromosomes resistance for the newborn babies.
with one of the x chromosomes. The haploid set of 83. (c) Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and
chromosomes in the male gamete, sperm has either causes its strong contractions, which inturn
the xor Y chromosome. Thus, the sex of the further
foetus depends on the male gamete fertilizing the stimulates the secretion of oxytocin making a
ovum. kind of feedback loop. Thus, the resultant
69. (a) stimulatory reflex between the uterine
70. (a) The outer wall of the blastocyst i.e., the contraction and
trophoblast gets attached to the endometrium of oxytocin secretion continues
the uterus during implantation. resulting in stronger and stronger contractions.
71. (a) Blastomeres are a type of cell produced by 84. (b) Fully developed foetus and the placenta
cleavage (cell division) of the zygote after induce foetal ejection reflex. Foetal ejection reflex
fertilization and are an essential part of is also called mild uterine contraction.
blastula formation. 85. (d) activate smooth muscles
72. (c) The given figure shows themorula stage of 86. (b) Vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end
embryonic development. Morula is produced by of the pregnancy causes expulsion of the foetus.
a series of cleavage (mitotic) divisions of the 87. (a) The signals for child birth (parturition)
early embryo, starting with the single-celled. originate from the fully matured foetus and
Once the embryo has divided into 16 cells, it placenta which induce mild uterine contractions
begins to called foetal ejection reflex.
resemble a mulbery, hence the name.
73. (d)
74. (b) The development of organs and organ
systems, a process called organogenesis, occurs
during the latter. half of the first trimester.
75. (d) All of the above statements are correct.
 EXERCISE - 2 both

NCERT Exemplar
Questions
1. (c) Polyspermy describes an egg that has been
fertilised by more than one sperm. Binding of
the sperm to the egg during fertilisation, induces
depolarisation of the egg plasma membrane
that block the entry of additional sperms. Rest
all
statements are correct.
2. (b) Oogenesis is the process of formation of a
mature female gamete. Unlike sperm formation
that starts at puberty, egg formation begins before
birth. Primordial germ cells complete the
proliferative stage of oogenesis in the early
embryonal state when million of gamete mother
cells (oogonia) are formed within each faetal
ovary, no more oogonia are formed and added
afterbirth.
3. (d) Isthmus is the part of female reproductive
system. The fallopian tube (oviduct) in female
reproductive system consists four regions, i.e.,
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterine part.
Isthmus has a narrow lumen and it joins the
uterus. It is the line that separates the body of
the uterus from the cervix.
4. (b) The male accessory glands arepaired
seminal vesicles, a prostate and paired
bulbourethral
glands. Secretions of these glands constitute the
seminal plasma that is rich in fructose, calcium
and certain enzymes.
The secretions of bulbourethral glands also help
in the lubrication of penis.
Urethra is the duct that extends through the penis
in male reproductive system and serve as a
comman passage for both sperm and urine. In
female, urethra has no reproductive function.
5. (a) Spermiation is the process of release of
spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into the cavity of
the seminiferous tubules. From here, sperms
pass through vasa efferentia into the epididymis
for
temporary storage.
6. (b) In humans (female), the menstrual cycle
lasts for about 28/29 days. In the follilcular
phase in
which the primary follicles in the ovary grows
to become a fully mature graafian follicle due to
stimulation of FSH. This phase (follicular) lasts
for about 14 days.
During this phase, the secretion of gonadotropins
(LH and FSH) increases gradually and stimulates
secretion of estrogen by the growing follicles
 LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle
(about 14th day).
This rapid secretion of LH called LH surge,
induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release
of ovum. This ovulatory phase is followed
by the luteal phase during which the remaining
follicular cells enlarge to become the corpus
luteum.
7. (a) One of the three glycoproteins (ZP3) that
functions as a sperm receptor, binds to a
complementary molecule on the surface of the
sperm head. This binding of the sperm head to the
receptor molecule Zp3 induces the acrosome of the sperm
to release its hydrolytic enzymes (sperm
lysins).
8. (b) Ampulla is one of the four region of Fallopian tubes.
The oviducts (Fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina
constitute the female accessory ducts.
9. (c) In testis, the immature male germ cells
(spermatogonia) produce sperms by the process of
spermatogenesis. The spermatogonia present on the
insidewall of seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic
division and increase in numbers.
Each spermatogonia is diploid that contains
46(2n) chromosomes. Some of the spermatogonia called
primary spermatocytes periodically undergo meiosis. A
primary spermatocyte completes the
first meiotic division (reduction division) leading to
formation of two equal, haploid cells called
secondary spermatocytes, which contains only 23
chromosomes each (n).
The secondary spermatocytes undergo the second
meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid
spermatids. The spermatids are transformed into
spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called
spermiogenesis.
10. (c) Secondary oocyte is a product of meiotic
division of primary oocyte during oogenesis in the ovary
and has 23 chromosomes. Oogenesis is
initiated at the foetal ovary in the early embryonic stage
of female and a fixed number of oogonia
(gamete mother cells) are formed and before the birth
of the female child no more oogonia are
added afterbirth.
Spermatogonia is the immature male germ cells that
produce sperms. Each spermatogonium is diploid (2n)
that contain 46 chromosomes.
The sperms containing haploid nucleus and that of the
ovum fuse together to form a diploid ( 2n )
zygote i.e., 46 chromosomes.
During foetal development, certain cells in the
germinal epithelium of the ovary undergo mitotic
 divisions, producing undifferentiated germ cells
called oogonia. The oogonia is diploid (2n) and
contain 46 chromosomes.
NEET
11. (d) LH-Luteinizing Hormone is produced by
anterior pituitary gland. The organ that connects 17. (b) The word ampulla is derived from the Latin
the developing embryo (foetus) and maternal body word 'flask'. Being the second portion of the
(uterine wall) to allow nutrient uptake, waste fallopian tube, it is the intermediate dilated portion
elimination and gas exchange via the mother's which immediately curves over the ovary. This is
blood supply is known as placenta. the common site of human fertilization as both the
It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces ovum and sperms are simultaneously transported
several hormones like Human Chorionic here.
Gonadotropin (hCG), Human Placental Lactogen 18. (c) Considering the female reproductive
(hPL), estrogenes, progesterone, etc. endocrinology, ovulation is the process of
12. (b) The vas deferens is a continuation of the the monthly release of the viable oocyte from
cauda epididymis. It is about 40cm long and the ovary between the time of menarche and
enters the abdominal cavity through the inguinal menopause. During this time, there
canal. is a surge in the production of LH and
Then, it passes over the urinary bladder, curves FSH, termed as gonadotropins, thereby
round the ureter and joins a duct from seminal initiating
vesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory estradiol and progesterone secretion from the
duct. These ducts store and transport the sperms ovary. Both these hormones are very important for
from the testis to the outside through urethra. the menstrual cycle.
13. (c) From the urinary bladder the urethra originates 19. (c) Capacitation is increase in fertilising capacity of
and extends through the penis to its external sperms which occurs in female reproductive tract.
opening called urethral meatus. Opening of vas It is required to render sperm to fertilize an oocyte.
deferens along with a duct of seminal vesicle 20. (c) Spermiogenesis is conversion of spermatids
open into urethra as the ejaculatory duct. into spermatozoa whereas spermiation is the
14. (a) The sperms and ovum fuses together to form release of the sperms from sertoli cells into the
a diploid zygote. As the zygote moves through cavity of
the isthmus of the oviduct towards the uterus, seminiferous tubule.
the 21. (a) The extraembryonic membranes are amnion,
mitotic division (cleavage) starts and forms 2, chorion, allantois and yolk sac. Amnion is derived
4,8, 16 daughter cells called blastomeres. from mesoderm on the outer side and ectoderm on
The embryo containig8 − 16 blastomeres is the inner side. Chorion is formed from
called amorula. Themorula further divides and trophoectoderm and mesoderm, whereas allantois
transforms into blastocyst, further gets embedded and yolk sac membrane have mesoderm on
in the endometrium of the uterus. This is called outerside and endoderm in inner side.
implantation. 22. (d) The placenta is an endocrine gland that is
15. (a) The ovum is surrounded by the inner thin, only present during pregnancy. It relaseshCG,
transparent, non-cellular coat zona pellucida and hPL,
outer thick coat corona radiata. During fertilisation progestogens, estrogens, etc. Human chorionic
sperm first comes in contact with the corona gonadotropic hormone (hCG) stimulates the
radiata and zona pellucida to reach the plasma corpus luteum during pregnancy to release
membrane of the egg (ovum). estrogen and progesterone. Human placental
16. (a) The female accessory ducts constitute the lactogen (hPL) is involved in growth of body
oviducts (Fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina. Each of mother and breast. Progesterone maintains
fallopian tube extends from the periphery of each pregnancy.
ovary to the uterus. The closer part of the ovary is 23. (a) Extrusion of second polar body from egg
the funnel-shaped infundibulum, that possess nucleus occurs after entry of sperm into the
finger-like projections called fimbriae. The secondary oocyte but before fertilisation. The
infundibulum leads to a wider part of the entry of sperm into the ovum induces
oviduct called ampulla. The last part of the completion of themeiotic division of the
oviduct is secondary oocyte.
isthmus. While, labia minora is the female Entry of sperm causes breakdown of
external genitalia. metaphase promoting factor (MPF) and turns
on anaphase promoting complex (APC).
24. (b) The correct sequence for transport of . Prolactin is a lactation hormone that has no role in
sperm cells in male reproductive system is: initiation of parturition.
Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa 30. (c) The hormone relaxin is produced in the
efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → later phase of pregnancy. It is produced by the
Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus
25. (d) The gonadotropin (LH and FSH) increases ovary.
gradually during the follicular phase, and . Graafian follicle is not formed when the woman is
stimulates follicular development as well as pregnant.
secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. . Uterus and foetus do not produce relaxin.
Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the . Relaxin is produced by the corpus luteum present
middle of cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion in the ovary. Ruptured Graafian follicle is called
of LH corpus luteum, which has endocrine function.
leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle 31. (b) The spermatids are transformed into
called LH surge induces rupture of Graafian spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called
follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation). spermiogenesis. After spermiogenesis, sperm heads
26. (c) Meiotic division of secondary oocyte is become embedded in the Sertoli cells, and are
completed after the entry of sperm in secondary finally released from the seminiferous tubules
oocyte which lead to the formation of a large by the process called spermiation.
ovum and a tiny 2nd polar body. 32. (c) Oocytes start division and enter into prophase-I
27. (c) The correct option is (c) because placenta of themeiotic division and get temporarily
secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). arrested at that stage, called primary oocytes.
Zona pellucida is a primary egg membrane Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic
secreted by the secondary oocyte. The secretions of development stage when a couple of million
bulbourethral glands help in lubrication of the gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within
penis Leydig cells synthesise and secrete each fetal ovary; no more oogonia are formed
testicular hormones called androgens. and added afterbirth.
28. (a) In mammals during the process of 33. (a) Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic
fertilisation sperm interacts with thick development stage when a couple of million
extracellular coat of a gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within
egg that is called as the zona pellucida receptors each fetal ovary; no more oogonia are formed
are present. The space that is present between the and added afterbirth.
vitelline membrane and the zona pellucida is 34. (a) Both the statements are correct. Vas deferens
called as Perivittelline space. receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens
29. (a) At the end of gestation, the completely into urethra as the ejaculatory duct. The cavity of
developed foetus is expelled out. This process the cervix is called cervical canal which along
is called parturition. with
. Parturition is controlled by a complex vagina forms birth canal.
neuroendocrine mechanism. 35. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct but
. Estrogen and progesterone ratio increases as reason is not the correct explanation of
estrogen levels rise significantly. assertion. Corpus luteum secretes large amount
of
. Prostaglandins, which stimulate uterine
contractions are also produced that acton progesterone which is essential for maintenance of
myometrium. endometrium of uterus. In absence of fertilisation,
the corpus luteum degenerates hence the decrease
. Oxytocin, the main hormone, also called as birth in the level of progesterone hormone will cause
hormone is released by maternal pituitary, which
brings about strong uterine contractions. disintegration of endometrium leading
to menstruation.

EXERCISE - 3
1. (b) A − III; B − I; C − II; D − V
2. (d) A − II; B − IV; C − III; D − V
3. (b) A − IIIB − I; C − IV; D − V
4. (d) A − IIIB − V; C − I; D − II
5. (c) A − I; B − II; C − III; D − V
6. (b) A − IIIB − I; C − IV; D − II
7. (b)
Column I Column II
A. Head Genetic material
B. Middle piece Energy
C. Acrosome Enzymes
D. Tail Sperm motility
8.
Column I Column II

Outer layer of blastocyst

A. Trophoblast
attached to the endometrium

B. Cleavage Mitotic division of zygote

C. Inner cell mass Group of cells that would differentiate as embryo

Embedding of blastocyst
D. Implantation
in the endometrium
9. (d) In proliferative phase, the follicles start completes its first meiotic division. The secondary
developing, called follicular phase. Secretory oocyte forms a new membrane called
phase is also called as luteal phase mainly zona pellucida.
controlled by progesterone secreted by corpus 16. (b) The division of primary oocyte results in
luteum. unequal cells a larger haploid secondary oocyte
Menstruation involves breakdown of and a smaller haploid polar body.
overgrown endometrial lining. 17. (a)
10. (d) Both the statements are correct. 18. (a) Placenta secretes hCG and hPL during
11. (b) After attachment, the uterine cells divide pregnancy while it secrete relaxin during later
rapidly and cover the blastocyst. As a result, the stages of pregnancy.
blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium 19. (b) Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female
of the uterus. Themorula continues to divide and gametes to form zygote. During fertilisation, only
transforms into blastocyst. head of the sperm enters the egg. After that
12. (c) The head of the sperm is known as polyspermy is avoided by fertilisation membrane.
acrosome that has enzymes which help sperm 20. (a) In female, Graafian follicle forms corpus
to enter an egg. luteum after ovulation. The cells of corpus luteum
13. (a) are
14. (c) The second meiotic division is also unequal and called luteal cells. The cytoplasm of luteal cells
results in the formation of a second polar body and have yellow granules called lutein which secrete
ahaploid ovum (ootid). Soon the haploid nucleus of the hormone progesterone to maintain pregnancy
the sperms and that of the ovum fuse to form a if fertilisation takes place. In the absence of
diploid zygote. fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerates and forms
15. (b) Graafian follicle releases secondary oocyte corpus albicans and there is decrease in
from the ovary by the process of ovulation. progesterone level as well.
Primary
oocyte within the tertiary follicle grows in size and
21. (c) Head of a sperm has acrosome but the
spiral row of mitochondria are present in the
mid
(connecting) piece of the sperm.
22. (b) Testicular lobules, the compartments present
in the testes, are not involved in the process of
fertilisation as whole. Fusion of male and
female gametes is called fertilisation.
23. (d) Placenta is an endocrine gland that is
present only during pregnancy. It is responsible
for
production of various hormones like human
chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), oestrogen,
progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL).