2

Relations and
Functions
5. The domain of the definition of the function
Relations, Domain, Codomain and
1
Range of a Relation, Functions, f ( x) = + log10 ( x3 - x ) is: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
TOPIC Ć Domain, Codomain and Range of a 4 - x2
Function (a) (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (3, ¥)
(b) (–2, –1) È (–1, 0) È (2, ¥)
1. Let R1 and R2 be two relations defined as follows : (c) (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
(d) (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
R1 = {(a, b) Î R 2 : a 2 + b 2 Î Q} and
6. The range of the function
R2 = {(a, b) Î R 2 : a 2 + b2 Ï Q} , where Q is the set of all x
f ( x) = , x Î R , is [Online May 7, 2012]
rational numbers. Then : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] 1+ x
(a) Neither R1 nor R2 is transitive.
(a) R (b) (– 1, 1) (c) R – {0} (d) [– 1, 1]
(b) R2 is transitive but R1 is not transitive.
(c) R1 is transitive but R2 is not transitive. 1
7. The domain of the function f ( x) = is [2011]
(d) R1 and R2 are both transitive. x -x
| x | +5 ö (a) (0, ¥ ) (b) (– ¥ , 0)
2. The domain of the function f ( x) = sin -1 æç ÷ is (c) (– ¥ , ¥ ) – {0} (d) (– ¥ , ¥ )
è x2 +1 ø
8. Domain of definition of the function
(-¥, - a] È [a, ¥]. Then a is equal to : 3
f ( x) = + log10 ( x 3 - x) , is [2003]
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 4 - x2

17 17 - 1 1 + 17 17 (a) ( -1,0) È (1,2) È ( 2, ¥) (b) (a, 2)

(a) (b) (c) (d) +1
2 2 2 2 (c) ( -1,0) È ( a,2) (d) (1,2) È (2, ¥)

3. If R = {(x, y) : x, y Î Z, x2 + 3 y 2 £ 8} is a relation on the

Even and Odd Functions, Explicit
set of integers Z, then the domain of R–1 is : and Implicit Functions, Greatest
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] Integer Function, Periodic
(a) {–2, –1, 1, 2} (b) {0, 1} TOPIC n Functions, Value of a Function,
(c) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (d) {–1, 0, 1} Equal Functions, Algebraic
Operations on Functions
x
4. Let f : R ® R be defined by f ( x ) = , x Î R. Then
1 + x2 9. Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t. Then the equation
the range of f is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] in x, [x]2 + 2[x + 2] – 7 = 0 has : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
(a) exactly two solutions
é 1 1ù
(a) ê - , ú (b) R – [–1, 1] (b) exactly four integral solutions
ë 2 2û (c) no integral solution
é 1 1ù (d) infinitely many solutions
(c) R - ê - , ú (d) (–1, 1) – {0}
ë 2 2û

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 EBD_8344
M-6 Mathematics

10. Let f (x) be a quadratic polynomial such that f (–1) + f (2) = 15. Let f be an odd function defined on the set of real numbers
0. If one of the roots of f (x) = 0 is 3, then its other root lies such that for x ³ 0, f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x.
in : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] 11p
(a) (–1, 0) (b) (1, 3) (c) (–3, –1) (d) (0, 1) Then f(x) at x = - is equal to: [Online April 11, 2014]
6
x[ x]
11. Let f (1, 3) ® R be a function defined by f (x) = , (a)
3
+2 3
3
(b) - + 2 3
1 + x2 2 2
where [x] denotes the greatest integer £ x. Then the range
of f is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] 3 3
(c) -2 3 (d) - - 2 3
2 2
æ 2 3ö æ 3 4 ö æ 2 1 ö æ 3 4ö
(a) çè , ÷ø È çè , ø÷ (b) çè , ÷ø È çè , ø÷ 16. A real valued function f (x) satisfies the functional equation
5 5 4 5 5 2 5 5
f (x – y) = f (x) f (y) – f (a – x) f (a + y)
æ 2 4ö æ 3 4ö where a is a given constant and f (0) = 0, f (2a – x) is equal
(c) çè , ÷ø (d) çè , ÷ø to [2005]
5 5 5 5
(a) – f (x) (b) f (x)
1- x ö æ 2x ö (c) f (a) + f (a – x) (d) f (– x)
12. If f(x) = loge æç ÷ , |x| < 1, then f çè 1 + x 2 ÷ø is equal to : 17. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about the
è 1 + x ø
line x = 2, then [2004]
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
(a) 2f(x) (b) 2f(x2) (c) (f(x)) 2 (d) –2f(x) (a) f ( x ) = - f (- x) (b) f (2 + x) = f (2 - x)
13. Let f(x) = ax (a > 0) be written as f(x) = f1(x) + f2(x), where (c) f ( x ) = f ( - x) (d) f ( x + 2) = f ( x - 2)
f1(x) is an even function and f2(x) is an odd function. Then
f1(x + y) + f1(x – y) equals : [April. 08, 2019 (II)] 18. If f : R ® R satisfies f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) , for all x,
(a) 2f1(x) f1(y) (b) 2f1(x + y) f1(x – y) n
(c) 2f1(x)f2(y) (d) 2f1(x + y) f2(x – y) y Î R and f(1) = 7, then S f (r ) is [2003]
r=1
é 1 3n ù
14. Let f ( n ) = ê + n , where [n] denotes the greatest 7 n (n + 1) 7n
ë 3 100 úû (a)
2
(b)
2
56 7 (n + 1)
integer less than or equal to n. Then å f ( n) is equal to: (c)
2
(d) 7 n + ( n + 1)
n=1
[Online April 19, 2014]
(a) 56 (b) 689 (c) 1287 (d) 1399

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Relations and Functions M-7

Þ 1 ³ 4y2
(a) For R1 let a = 1 + 2, b = 1 - 2, c = 8
1/ 4
1.
1
aR1b Þ a 2 + b2 = (1 + 2)2 + (1 - 2) 2 = 6 Î Q Þ |y| £
2
bR1c Þ b2 + c 2 = (1 - 2)2 + (81/ 4 )2 = 3 Î Q 1 1
Þ - £ y£
2 2
aR1c Þ a + c = (1 + 2) + (8
2 2 2
) = 3 + 4 2 ÏQ
1/ 4 2

é 1 1ù
\ R1 is not transitive. Þ The range of f is ê - , ú .
ë 2 2û
For R2 let a = 1 + 2, b = 2, c = 1 - 2
5. (c) To determine domain, denominator ¹ 0 and x3 – x > 0
aR2b Þ a + b = (1 + 2) + ( 2) = 5 + 2 2 Ï Q
2 2 2 2 i.e., 4 – x2 ¹ 0 x ¹ ±2 ...(1)
and x (x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
bR2 c Þ b 2 + c 2 = ( 2)2 + (1 - 2)2 = 5 - 2 2 Ï Q
– + – +
aR2c Þ a 2 + c2 = (1 + 2) 2 + (1 - 2) 2 = 6 Î Q
x Î (– 1, 0) È (1, ¥) ...(2)
\ R2 is not transitive.
Hence domain is intersection of (1) & (2).
| x | +5 ö
2. (c) Q f ( x) = sin -1 æç i.e., x Î (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
è x 2 + 1 ÷ø

| x | +5 x
\ -1 £ £1 6. (b) f ( x) = 1 + x , x Î R
x2 + 1
Þ| x | +5 £ x2 + 1 [Q x 2 + 1 ¹ 0] x
If x > 0, | x | = x Þ f ( x ) =
1+ x
Þ x - | x | -4 ³ 0
2
which is not defined for x = – 1
æ 1 - 17 ö æ 1 + 17 ö x
Þ ç| x | - ÷ ç| x | - 2 ÷ ³ 0 If x < 0, | x | = – x Þ f ( x ) =
è 2 øè ø 1- x
which is not defined for x = 1
æ 1 + 17 ö é1 + 17 ö Thus f(x) defined for all values of R except 1 and – 1
Þ x Î ç -¥, - ÷ È ê 2 , ¥÷
è 2 ø ë ø Hence, range = (– 1, 1).
1 + 17 f ( x) =
1
\a = 7. (b) , f (x) is define if | x | – x > 0
2 x -x
3. (d) Since, R = {(x, y) : x, y Î Z, x2 + 3 y 2 £ 8} Þ | x | > x, Þ x < 0
Hence domain of f (x) is (– ¥, 0)
\ R = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, - 1), (0, 1), (1, 0)}
3
Þ DR-1 = {-1, 0, 1} 8. (a) f ( x) = + log10 ( x 3 - x)
4 - x2
x
, x ÎR 4 - x 2 ¹ 0; x 3 - x > 0;
4. (a) f(x) =
1 + x2
x ¹ ± 4 and - 1 < x < 0 or 1 < x < ¥
x
Let, y =
1 + x2 – +
+ –
–1 0 1
1± 1- 4 y 2
Þ yx2 – x + y = 0 Þ x =
2 \ D = ( -1, 0) È (1, ¥) - { 4}
Þ 1 – 4y2 ³ 0
D = ( -1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥).

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 EBD_8344
M-8 Mathematics

9. (d) The given equation

æ 1 + x2 - 2 x ö 2
[ x]2 + 2[ x] + 4 - 7 = 0 = log çç ÷ = log æç 1 - x ö÷
2 ÷
è 1+ x + 2x ø è 1+ x ø
Þ [ x]2 + 2[ x] - 3 = 0
æ 1- x ö
Þ [ x]2 + 3[ x] - [ x] - 3 = 0 = 2 log ç ÷ = 2f (x)
è 1+ x ø
Þ ([ x] + 3)([ x] - 1) = 0 Þ [ x] = 1 or –3 13. (a) Given function can be written as
Þ x Î[ -3, - 2) È [1, 2) æ a x + a- x ö æ a x - a-x ö
\ The equation has infinitely many solutions. f (x) = ax = ç ÷+ç ÷
ç 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø
10. (a) Let f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c
Given : f ( -1) + f (2) = 0 a x + a-x
where f1(x) = is even function
2
a - b + c + 4a + 2b + c = 0
Þ 5a + b + 2c = 0 ...(i) a x - a-x
f2(x) = is odd function
and f (3) = 0 Þ 9a + 3b + c = 0 ...(ii) 2
From equations (i) and (ii), Þ f1(x + y) + f1(x – y)
a
=
b
=
c
Þ
a b c
= = æ a x+ y + a - x - y ö æ a x - y + a - x + y ö
1 - 6 18 - 5 15 - 9 -5 13 6 = çç ÷+ç ÷
2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø
c -6
Product of roots, ab = = and a = 3
1é x y
a 5
= a (a + a - y ) + a - x (a y + a - y ) ù
2ë û
-2
Þb= Î ( -1, 0)
5 (a x + a - x )(a y + a - y )
= = 2f1(x) . f1(y)
2
ì x
ïï 2 ; x Î (1, 2) é 1 3n ù
x +1 (d) Let f (n) = ê + n
ë 3 100 úû
11. (b) f ( x) í 14.
ï 2 x ; x Î[2,3)
ïî x 2 + 1 where [n] is greatest integer function,
é 3n ù
= ê0.33 + n
ì 1 - x2 ë 100 úû
ï ; x Î (1, 2)
ï 1+ x2 For n = 1, 2, ..., 22, we get f (n) = 0
f ¢( x ) í and for n = 23, 24, ..., 55, we get f (n) = 1 × n
2
ï1 - 2 x
ï ; x Î [2,3) For n = 56, f (n) = 2 × n
î 1 + x2
56
\ f(x) is a decreasing function So, å f (n) = 1 (23) + 1 (24) + ... + 1 (55) + 2(56)
n =1
æ 2 1 ö æ 6 4ù
\ y Îç , ÷ Èç , ú = (23 + 24 + ... + 55) + 112
è 5 2 ø è 10 5 û
33
= [46 + 32] + 112
æ 2 1 ö æ 3 4ù 2
Þ y Îç , ÷ È ç , ú
è 5 2 ø è 5 5û 33
= (78) + 112 = 1399.
æ1- x ö 2
12. (a) f (x) = log ç ÷ ,|x|<|
è 1+ x ø 15. (c) Given f be an odd function
f (x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x
æ 2x ö Now,
ç 1- ÷
æ 2x ö ç 1 + x2 ÷ æ -11p ö æ -11p ö æ -11p ö
fç + 4cos ç
è 6 ø÷ =
3sin ç
è 6 ø÷ è 6 ø÷
fç ÷ = log ç 2 x ÷
è 1 + x2 ø ç 1+ ÷
è 1 + 2 x2 ø

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Relations and Functions M-9

17. (b) Given that a graph symmetrical. with respect to line

æ -11p ö æ pö æ pö x = 2 as shown in the figure.
fç
è 6 ÷ø = 3sin çè -2p + 6 ÷ø + 4cos çè -2p + 6 ÷ø Y
–x x
æ -11p ö ì æ pö ü ì æ pöü
fç
è 6 ÷ø = 3sin íî - èç 2p - 6 ø÷ ýþ + 4cos íî - èç 2p - 6 ø÷ ýþ

ì sin( -q) = - sin q ü

í For odd functions ý
î and cos( -q ) = - cos q þ
X
æ -11p ö æ pö æ pö x1 x2
\ fç = -3sin ç 2p - ÷ - 4cos ç 2p - ÷
è 6 ÷ø è 6ø è 6ø x=2
From the figure
æ -11p ö æ pö p f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ), where x1 = 2 - x and x2 = 2 + x
Þ fç = +3sin èç ø÷ - 4cos
è 6 ÷ø 6 6 \ f (2 - x) = f (2 + x)
æ -11p ö 1 3 18. (a) f ( x + y ) = f (x ) + f ( y ) .
Þ fç = 3´ - 4´
è 6 ÷ø 2 2 Q f (1) = 7
-11p ö 3
or f æç
f (2) = f (1 + 1) = f (1) + f (1) = 14
= -2 3
è 6 ÷ø 2 f (3) = f (1 + 2) = f (1) + f (2) = 21
16. (a) Given that f(0) = 0 and put
x = 0, y = 0,
n
f (0) = f 2 (0) - f 2 (a) \ å f (r ) = 7 (1 + 2 + 3..... + n )
Þ f 2 (a) = 0 Þ f (a) = 0 r =1
f (2a – x) = f (a – (x – a))
7 n ( n + 1)
= f (a) f (x – a) – f (0) f (x) =
= f (a) f (x –a) – f (x) = – f (x) 2
Þ f (2a - x) = - f ( x )

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