The FDRE Constitution; achievement
Over 80 different nations, nationalities, and peoples can be found in Ethiopia, which is a
melting pot of people. Even though each of these countries, nationalities, and peoples
has its own unique culture, history, language, and way of life, they are all united by
shared historical experiences.
All citizens of nations, nationalities, and peoples, without exception, are the
representation of independence because they successfully protect their country's
sovereignty from outside invaders. Since then, Ethiopia has been recognized as a multi-
cultural federation, bringing together two partially autonomous cities and nine
autonomous states that answer to the federal government
The Declaration of Equality establishes citizens' equality, eradicating oppression and
the basis for inequality. In order to decentralize power and resources to all regions and
to accommodate the numerous nations, nationalities, and peoples that make up the
country, Ethiopia adopted a federal system of government over the past 17 years.
Federalism is a form of government in which two levels of government share control
over the same territory.
Typically, a larger national government oversees matters that affect the entire nation,
while smaller subdivisions handle matters of local importance. Both the federal
government and the smaller political entities have the authority to enact laws and enjoy
some degree of independence from one another.
Equal representation for all nations, nationalities, and peoples in the second chamber is
another example of federalism in action. They are governed by their own local
government entities. And finally, even at the federal level, the makeup of the executive
branch of government is consistently a glaring example of the equality of all peoples.
The various leadership hierarchies in the various federal offices fairly represent the
people. Nations, nationalities, and peoples of Ethiopia are granted the power of self-
administration more than at any other time in its long history. Thus, it is clear that since
the federal arrangement, equality has become more applicable than ever.
Ethiopia's federalization has resulted in a number of positive changes. Federalism has
emerged as the most effective way to keep Ethiopia united while enabling the country's
many different nations and nationalities to exercise their rights to self-determination.
Through unity that allows for diversity and whose primary goal is to prevail in equality,
equity, and justice, this system (federalism) and its choice demonstrate the degree to
which the rights, freedoms, and interests of nations, nationalities, and peoples have
been respected. the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Constitution has achieved
a number of things since its adoption in 1995. These include:
Establishing a federal system of government: The constitution
divided Ethiopia into nine ethnically based states and one chartered
city, Addis Ababa. This system was designed to promote power sharing
and protect the rights of Ethiopia's diverse ethnic groups.
Guaranteeing fundamental human rights: The constitution
guarantees a wide range of fundamental human rights, including the
right to life, liberty, and security of person; the right to freedom of
speech, assembly, and association; and the right to education and health
care
Promoting gender equality: The constitution prohibits discrimination
on the basis of sex and guarantees equal rights for women and men. It
also establishes a number of affirmative action measures to promote the
participation of women in government and society.
Protecting the environment: The constitution establishes the right to
a healthy environment and requires the government to take measures
to protect the environment.
Promoting good governance: The constitution establishes a number
of institutions and mechanisms to promote good governance, such as an
independent judiciary, an ombudsman, and a human rights commission.
The constitution has not been without its critics. Some have argued that it has not been
effective in promoting peace and stability, and that it has exacerbated ethnic tensions.
Others have argued that it has not done enough to protect human rights, particularly the
rights of women and minorities. Despite these criticisms, the constitution remains the
supreme law of Ethiopia and has played an important role in shaping the country's
political and legal landscape.
The new system has answered the question of development as it helps the country grow
in a double-digit stride these days. All the tangible changes and development have been
registered because of freedom and equality of people. Nations Nationalities and People
are now free to decide for themselves by themselves. All of their questions are
answered by the federal arrangement. Hence, they work for development, peace and
prosperity (the greatest contribution to the promising changes being observed now).
The federal system of administration is at its budding stage, these minor conflicts have
been resolved using constructive means like discussion, expanding infrastructures and
increasing supply of water and animal feed. Especially, enhancing the awareness of
people to engage in dialogue has become helpful to prevent eruption of conflicts and
heal the wounds remedially (after the occurrence of disputes).
Priceless sacrifices of people for lengthy years have enabled to eliminate oppression
and celebrate such occasion of renaissance in a spirit of freedom. The tiresome struggle
waged to shatter the dictator Derg Regime has enabled to ratify new constitution and
build brand new Ethiopia with a spirit of equality and fraternity.
The Constitution has entrenched division of power between federal and regional
governments which is the bedrock of federalism, beside division of powers (it is
inherent in any federal system that there must be an organ for the adjudication of
constitutional issues and for the settlement of disputes concerning the competence of
the two levels of governments).
In the Ethiopian Constitution, this task is entrusted to the House of Federation. The
decentralization of power and resources, accommodation of the different groups into
the political process by ensuring self-rule and adoption of pluralistic policies (including
language, culture) has brought tremendous change in the country, which was not there
in the long history of the country. Ethiopia’s current progress will give us an
opportunity to talk about how we can enhance strategic dialogue around a whole range
of issues, from health, the economy, agriculture, but also some hotspot areas like South
Sudan, where Ethiopia has been working very hard trying to bring the parties together.
YORDANOS ABAY
UGR/6183/15
