PROCESS SELECTION and FACILITY
- It’s not just about money, it’s not just how
LAYOUT it’s going to cost, but there’s also integration;
Process Selection how are you going to integrate this into an
existing facility
✎ Refers to the deciding on the way
production of goods or services will be - There are a lot of considerations to be
organized mindful of
✎ It has major implications for: Process Selection
∙ Capacity planning
∙ Layout of facilities 1. Variety – How much?
∙ Equipment 2. Equipment flexibility – To what degree?
∙ Design of work systems 3. Volume – What is the expected output?
- If you had a great idea, you were starting The four basic types of Process Selection:
your business (may it be a manufacturing or
service business) you have to find what kind
of working process you have.
- You have to think about what kind of
process and layout of how you’re on how
you’re actually going to manufacture and
create this product/service.
Technology
✎ The application of scientific discoveries to Automation
the development and improvement of
products and services and operations ✎ Machinery that has sensing and control
processes devices that enable it to operate
automatically
✎ Technological Innovation – The discovery
∙ Fixed automation
and development of new or improved
∙ Programmable automation
products, services, or processes for producing
∙ Flexible Automation
or providing them
Automation Questions:
- One of the most important elements in
terms of your process specially today 1. What level of automation is appropriate?
2. How would automation affect system
- Technology really covers what they need,
flexibility?
what do I need, and how much I’m going to
3. How can automation projects be justified?
pay to get my stuff produced
4. How should changes be managed?
✎ Technology acquisition decisions must be 5. What are the risks of automating?
weight carefully 6. What are the likely effects of automating
∙ What are the upside and downsides of the on:
technology? ⋄ Market Share
∙ What can and can’t a technology do? ⋄ Costs
⋄ Quality
∙ Economic Considerations ⋄ Customer satisfaction
∙ Integration Considerations ⋄ Labor relations
∙ Human Considerations ⋄ Ongoing operations
Automation Technologies Designing Product Layouts: Line Balancing
☆ Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) ✎ The goal of a product layout is to arrange
- The use of computers in process control, workers or machines in the sequence that
ranging from robots to automated quality operations need to be performed
control
☆ Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines
- Machines that perform operations by
following mathematical processing
instructions
☆ Robot ✎ Line balancing:
⁍ The process of assigning tasks to
- A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a
workstations in such a way that the
power supply, and a controller
workstations have approximately equal time
requirements
Facilities Layout
⁍ Why is line balancing important?
✎ The configuration of departments, work 1. It allows us to use labor and equipment
centers, and equipment, with particular more efficiently.
emphasis on movement of work (customers 2. To avoid fairness issues that arise when
or materials) through the system one workstation must work harder than
another.
✎ Facilities layout decisions arise when:
⋄ Designing new facilities
⋄ Re-designing existing facilities Designing Process Layouts
✎ The main issue in designing process
Basic Layout Types layouts concern the relative placement of the
departments
✎ Product layouts
✎ Process layouts ✎ Measuring effectiveness = A major
✎ Fixed-position layout objective in designing process layouts is to
✎ Combination layouts minimize transportation cost, distance, and
time.
FMS and CIM
✎ Flexible Manufacturing System
⁍ A group of machines designed to handle
intermittent processing requirements and
produce a variety of similar products
✎ Computer Integrated Manufacturing
⁍ A system for linking a broad range of
manufacturing activities through an
integrated computer system
