ED5340 - Data Science: Theory
and Practise
L10 - Classes and Objects
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy ([Link]
Course web page: [Link]
Moodle page: Available at [Link]
Classes and objects
A ‘rough’ idea of what they are
• Classes are similar to structures in C
• Objects are similar to variables that access the member of the structure.
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Classes and objects
• Class contains data and methods that can access or manipulate this data.
• Data is typically accessed through the methods (data protection).
• The methods are accessed through ‘object’ instantiation.
• Broadly comes under object-oriented programming (others being functional,
structural programming).
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Class details
Name, data, methods (member functions) - L10_class_example.py
class StudentDetail:
def datainput(self, n, r, s):
[Link] = n
[Link] = r
[Link] = s
def printout(self):
print([Link], [Link], [Link])
s1 = StudentDetail( ) #Object instantiation
[Link]('Ram', 12, 3)
[Link]( )
Class - Using constructor
Name, data, methods (member functions) - L10_class_example.py
class StudentDetail:
def __init__(self, n='', r=1, s=1):
[Link] = n
[Link] = r
[Link] = s
def printout(self):
print([Link], [Link], [Link])
s2 = StudentDetail('Ram', 12, 3 ) #Object instantiation
[Link]( )
Public Data
Name, data, methods (member functions)
class StudentDetail:
def datainput(self, n, r, s):
[Link] = n
[Link] = r
[Link] = s
def printout(self):
print([Link], [Link], [Link])
s1 = StudentDetail( ) #Object instantiation
[Link]('Ram', 12, 3)
[Link]( )
print('name = ', [Link], 'rollno = ', [Link], 'sem = ', [Link])
Private Data
Name, data, methods (member functions) - L10_class_example.py
class StudentDetail:
def datainput1(self, n, r, s):
self._name1 = n
self._rollno1 = r
self._sem1 = s
def printout(self):
print([Link], [Link], [Link])
s2 = StudentDetail( ) #Object instantiation
s2.datainput1('Shyam', 23, 34)
[Link]( )
print('name = ', s2._name1)
Constructor
L10_class_constructor.py
class StudentDetail:
#Constructor
def __init__(self, n='R', r=1, s=1):
self._name = n
self._rollno = r
self._sem = s
#Printing the data
def printout(self):
print('name = ', self._name, ", " , 'roll no = ', self._rollno, ", " , 'sem = ', self._sem)
#destructor
def __del__(self):
print('Del obj' + str(self))
s1 = StudentDetail()
[Link]()
s1 = StudentDetail('Ram')
[Link]()
s1 = StudentDetail('Raman', 23)
[Link]()
s1 = StudentDetail('Ramana', 23, 5)
[Link]()
Class variables and methods
L10_cmv.py
• One variable shared across all objects
• ‘self’ should not be used
• syntax: [Link]
• similar rules for class methods ([Link]( ))
• similar to static members in C++
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Notation - Convention
L10_pvt_example.py
• Class name starts with Caps
• single _ for notionally private variable
• __ (dunderscore) for strictly private
• __ used in data as well as methods (e.g.?)
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Operator overloading
L10_class_complex.py
• a + b already defined
• Operator overloading is done for user defined classes, for e.g. class Complex.
• def add_comp(self, other):
• c1.add_comp(c2)
• def __add__(self, other)
• c1 + c2 #(More intuitive usage)
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Operators that can be overloaded
• __sub__
• __mul__
• ………… (find out the list of operators that can be overloaded)
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
CW: Do the + and - for the
Complex class.
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Dynamic creation of attributes
L10_dy_creation.py
class Passbook:
pass
p1 = Passbook( )
p1._name = ‘Raman’
p1._number = 1234
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
