ED5340 - Data Science: Theory at h y
and Practise a p
gan
th u
M u
a n
ath
a n
a m
R
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy ([Link]
Course web page: [Link]
Moodle page: Available at [Link]
Python identifiers and keywords
• P.I. is a name to identify variable, function, class, module etc.
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at
• rules for identifiers an
a p
u g
uth
• starts with an alphabet or _ th a n M
n a
am
• followed by zero or more a
letters,
R _ or digits
• keywords cannot be used
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Datatypes in Python
Recall Datatypes in C / C++ (if you know)
• int
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at
• float an
a p
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uth
• complex th a n M
n a
m a
• bool R a
• string
• bytes
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Some differences with C
• int is of arbitrary precision (as you type, it will allocate memory!)
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at
• floats are 64-bit double precision values (max.
an
a p value?) - fractional or
exponential form u g
uth
n M
th a
• Only strings and no chars a m a n a
R
• complex contains real and imag.
• bool takes only true or false
• bytes, containers and user-defined ones (classes) - we will see later.
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
y
Demo using
at h
a p
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L2_demodatatypes.py
n M
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n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Identifiers / Variables
variable names follow similar rules in C
• No need to define a variable (dynamic typing / allocation)
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• `type’ function is used to find out an objectantype
ap
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• multiple assignments can be donethin
an different ways
M
n a
m a
• a=b=3 R a
• a = 3; b = 3 # semicolon as a separator
• a, b = 3, 4.45 # This is a very interesting way.
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Arithmetic Operators
• Unary operators (+, -, ????)
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• Binary operators (+, - , *, / , //, **, %) an
a p
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• Ternary operator (remember the ? t:han) M
n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Unary Operators
• Unary + and - are same as in C/C++
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• No unary increment in decrement operators
an
a p
u g
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• Typecasting (more of C++ style) th a n M
n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Binary operators, precedence, assignment expression
[Link]
• + , - and * are as in C
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at
• / is True division (No integer division as in aC).
na p 3/5 will not yield 0.
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uth
• ** is the exponentiation i.e. a ** b ishaequal
t
n M to ab
n a
m a
• // return quotient (without theRafractional part, like a ‘floor’ operation)
• % gives remainder - could get unexpected result!
• Operator precedence - PEMDAS
• +=, -=, *=, /=, //=, **=, %=
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
PEMDAS
Operator precedence
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M u
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y
Demo using
at h
a p
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L2_Operatordemo1.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
What will be the answer to the following?
• 10 // 3
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• -10 // 3 an
a p
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• 10 // -3 th a n M
n a
m a
• 10 % 3 R a
• -10 % 3
• 10 % -3
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Conversions between datatypes
• Mixed mode
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• op. between int and float will yieldanfloat ap
a t
u g
• op. between int and complex a n M u t
willh
yield complex
a th
• op. between complexRaand
m a n float will yield complex
• Convert one to another using built-in functions int( ), float( ),
complex( ), bool( )
Built-in math functions
• E.g. abs(x), pow(x,y) etc.
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• Qn3: Find the min and max values of a given
an
a pset of values
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• Qn5: Given x and y, find the quotient
th a n and remainder. Round them to TWO
M
digits after decimal point. n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Object - data and member functions
`complex’ object
a = 1+ 2j
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print([Link]) # Data pat
a
gan
th u
u
print([Link]) # Data a n M
ath
a n
a m
print([Link]()) # Function R
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
y
Demo using
at h
a p
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th u
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L2_Complexdemo.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Library functions (called as modules)
E.g. for more sophisticated mathematical functions
• Look at modules such as math, cmath, random, decimal etc.
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• Use `import math’ for using math module an
a p
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• math module has mathematical functions,
th a n trigonometric
M functions etc.
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R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Module - How to put into use?
math module as example
import math
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pi = [Link]; r = 5 pat
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gan
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u
area = pi * r ** 2 a n M
ath
a n
a m
print(area) R
area1 = [Link] * r ** 2
print(area1)
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
importing function from a module
cos function in math
from math import cos
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x = [Link] / 3 pat
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gan
th u
u
y = cos(x) # No need to use [Link]
h a n M
a t
an
m
Ra
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
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Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
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L2_import_example.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
Some questions to explore
• Qn6: Find out the regular math function (not in modules)
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• Qn7: Find out the trigonometric functions available
a na p in math module.
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uth
• Qn8: Find out the various roundingthafunctions
n M for a number.
n a
a
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• Qn9: Find out the various a
styles
R of commenting
• Qn10: How do you write a `multi-line’ statement?
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
