Files Commands
1. ls - List directory contents
ls - Lists all files and directories in the current directory.
ls -l - Lists files and directories with detailed information (permissions, owner, size, etc.).
2. cd - Change directory
cd /home/user - Moves to the /home/user directory.
cd .. - Moves up one directory level.
3. pwd - Print working directory
pwd - Displays the current directory path.
4. cp - Copy files and directories
file2.txt - Copies file1.txt to file2.txt.
cp -r dir1/ dir2/ - Copies the directory dir1 to dir2.
5. mv - Move or rename files and directories
mv file1.txt file2.txt - Renames file1.txt to file2.txt.
mv file1.txt /home/user/ - Moves file1.txt to /home/user/.
6. rm - Remove files or directories
rm file1.txt - Deletes file1.txt.
rm -r dir1/ - Deletes the directory dir1 and its contents.
7. touch - Change file timestamps or create empty files
touch newfile.txt - Creates an empty file named newfile.txt.
touch file1.txt - Updates the timestamp of file1.txt if it already exists.
8. cat - Concatenate and display file content
cat file1.txt - Displays the content of file1.txt.
cat file1.txt file2.txt - Displays the content of file1.txt followed by file2.txt.
9. chmod - Change file modes or Access Control Lists
chmod 644 file1.txt - Sets read and write permissions for the owner, and read-only permissions for others.
chmod u+x script.sh - Adds execute permission for the file owner on script.sh.
10. chown - Change file owner and group
chown user file1.txt - Changes the owner of file1.txt to user.
chown user:group file1.txt - Changes the owner of file1.txt to user and the group to group.
