● FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
- It is the study of sentences, super phrasal unities and texts in terms of
three functions;
- Functional grammar puts together the patterns of the language and the
things you can do with them. Therefore, it is based on the relation
between the structure of a language and the various functions that the
language performs. Functional grammar is all about language use. It is
about communicative grammar that learners can use in the typical
situations that they find themselves in as they go about their daily lives.
Moreover, it's an approach in which grammar is not seen as a set of
rules, but rather as a communicative resource.
1. Ideational ‘content’ Function
- (action, place, event, process, quality, quantity, time, place)
- This function focuses on the "what" of your message, using words like
verbs and nouns to build the content (actions, places, things).
- What you’re talking about (content)
2. Interpersonal Function
- (statements, questions, offers, commands, mood, modality, person, etc.)
- This function focuses on the "how" you communicate, using elements
like mood and commands to create the tone or feeling (statements,
questions, etc.).
- How you relate to the listener (tone/attitude)
3. Textual Function
- (voice, information structure, theme-rheme, etc.)
- This function helps organize your message for clarity, using strategies
like theme-rheme and voice to structure your sentences and ideas.
- How you organize your ideas (coherence)
● PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR
- It is a description of how to use the grammar of a language to
communicate for people wanting to learn the target language.
- It contains assumptions about how learners learn, follow certain linguistic
theories in their descriptions, and are written for a specific purpose.
- It is all about making grammar easier to learn for people who are
studying a new language.
1. PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS
- The explicit treatment of elements of the target language systems as part of
language teaching methodology.
- It's the active teaching part of learning grammar.
2. PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT
- Reference sources of one kind or another that present information about the
target language system.
- It's the reference material that explains grammar rules.
3. COMBINATION OF PROCESS AND CONTENT
- It's learning grammar by doing and referencing the information.
● PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR
- Focuses on rules governing grammar, mechanics and usage of a
certain language.
- It focuses on how language should be used to a set of established rules.
- It's like having a strict etiquette guide for language.
● DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR
- Observes and records how language is used in function, and advocates
teaching the function or use grammatical structure.
- It describes how language is used by people in everyday situations.
