CSEC ADD MATHS 2019

SECTION I

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) The function f is such that f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x .

(i) Determine all the linear factors of f ( x ).

SOLUTION:
Data: f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x
Required to determine: All the linear factors of f ( x ).
Solution:
f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x
= x ( 2 x 2 + 7 x + 3)
= x ( 2 x + 1)( x + 3)

So the linear factors of f ( x ) are x, 2 x + 1 and x + 3.

(ii) Compute the roots of the function f ( x ) .

(A function does NOT have roots. An equation may have roots or
solutions. So, we let 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.)

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The roots of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 0.
Solution:
f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x
= x ( 2 x + 1)( x + 3)

If f ( x ) = 0 then x ( 2 x + 1)( x + 3) = 0
1
and the roots will then be x = 0 or - or -3
2

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(b) Two functions are such that g ( x ) = x2 - x and h ( x ) = 2 x - 3.
(i) Determine gh ( x ).
SOLUTION:
Data: g ( x ) = x2 - x and h ( x ) = 2 x - 3
Required to determine: gh ( x )
Solution:
g ( x ) = x2 - x
\ gh ( x ) = éë h ( x ) ùû - h ( x )
2

= ( 2 x - 3) - ( 2 x - 3)
2

= 4 x2 - 6 x - 6 x + 9 - 2 x + 3
gh ( x ) = 4 x 2 - 14 x + 12

(ii) Given that hg ( x ) = 2 x 2 - 2 x - 3, show that the values of x, for which

1± 7
hg ( x ) = 0, can be expressed as .
2
SOLUTION:
Data: hg ( x ) = 2 x 2 - 2 x - 3
1± 7
Required to show: The solutions of hg ( x ) = 0 are .
2
Solution:
When hg ( x ) = 0
2 x2 - 2 x - 3 = 0
- ( -2 ) ± ( -2 ) - 4 ( 2 )( -3)
2

x=
2 ( 2)
2 ± 4 + 24
=
4
2 ± 28
=
4
2±2 7
=
4

=
(
2 1± 7 )
2 ( 2)
1± 7
=
2

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 Q.E.D.
(c) Solve 3x log 2 + log8 = 2 .
x

SOLUTION:
Data: 3x log 2 + log8x = 2
Required to find: x
Solution:
3𝑥log2 + log8. = 2
3𝑥log 2 + log (20 ). = 2
3𝑥log 2 + log 20. = 2
3𝑥log 2 + 3𝑥log 2 = 2
(3𝑥 + 3𝑥 ) log2 = 2
(6𝑥 ) log2 = 2
2
6𝑥 =
log2
2 1
𝑥= =
6log2 3log2

A value of x is only possible if the base of the terms in logs is given.

For instance, if the base is 10, then For instance, if the base is 2, then

1 1 1 1
𝑥= = = 1.11 𝑥= =
3log34 2 0.903 3log 7 2 3

Express f ( x ) = -2 x2 - 7 x - 6 in the form a ( x + h ) + k .

2
2. (a) (i)

SOLUTION:
Data: f ( x ) = -2 x2 - 7 x - 6
Required to express: f ( x ) in the form a ( x + h ) + k .
2

Solution:

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 −2𝑥 7 − 7𝑥 − 6
7
= −2 :𝑥 7 + 𝑥; − 6
2
7
7 49
= −2 <:𝑥 + ; − > − 6
4 16
7 7 49
= −2 :𝑥 + ; + −6
4 8
7 7 1
= −2 :𝑥 + ; +
4 8

2
So, -2 x 2 - 7 x - 6 = -2 æç x + ö÷ + is of the form a ( x + h ) + k , where
7 1 2

è 4ø 8
7 1
a = -2 , h = and k = .
4 8

Alternative Method:

𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)7 + 𝑘 = 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)(𝑥 + ℎ) + 𝑘

= 𝑎(𝑥 7 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ7 ) + 𝑘
= 𝑎𝑥 7 + 2𝑎ℎ𝑥 + 𝑎ℎ7 + 𝑘

So -2 x2 - 7 x - 6 º ax2 + 2ahx + ah2 + k ( )

Equating coefficients:
𝑎 = −2, 2𝑎ℎ = −7,

2 ( -2 ) h = -7
7
h=
4
𝑎ℎ7 + 𝑘 = −6
2
æ7ö
-2 ç ÷ + k = -6
è4ø
æ 49 ö
-2 ç ÷ + k = -6
è 16 ø
1
- 6 + k = -6
8
1
k=
8
2
So, -2 x - 7 x - 6 º -2 æç x + ö÷ +
2 7 1
è 4ø 8

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(ii) State the maximum value of f ( x ) .

SOLUTION:
Required to state: The maximum value of f ( x ) .
Solution:
f ( x ) = -2 x 2 - 7 x - 6
2
æ 7ö 1
= -2 ç x + ÷ +
è 4ø 8
­
³ 0 "x
1
\The maximum value of f ( x ) = -2 ( 0 ) +
8
3
The maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is C.

(iii) State the value of x for which f ( x ) is a maximum.

SOLUTION:
Required to state: The value of x for which f ( x ) is a maximum
Solution:
2
The maximum value of f ( x ) occurs when -2 æç x + ö÷ = 0
7
è 4ø
7
i.e when x = -
4

(iv) Use your answer in (a) (i) to determine all values of x when f ( x ) = 0.

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The values of x when f ( x ) = 0.
Solution:

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 E 7 3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −2 D𝑥 + FG + C
E 7 3
−2 D𝑥 + FG + C = 0
E 7 3
− 2 D𝑥 + FG = − C
E 7 3
D𝑥 + FG = 3H
E 3
𝑥 + F = ±F
E 3
𝑥 = −F ±F
JE±3
𝑥= F
JEK3 JEJ3
𝑥= or
F F
H C
= − F or − F
3
= − 1 7 or − 2
(v) Sketch the function f ( x ) and show your solution set to (a) (iv) when
f ( x ) < 0.

SOLUTION:
Required to sketch: The function f ( x ) and write the solution of
f ( x ) < 0.
Solution:
f ( 0 ) = -6

For f ( x ) < 0 :

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 ì 1ü
The solution set for f ( x ) < 0 is í x : x < -2 È x > -1 ý.
î 2þ
2 3
(b) A geometric series can be represented by y + y3 + y5 + ...
x x x
( )
-1
Prove that S¥ = xy x - y .
2

SOLUTION:
2 3
Data: y + y3 + y5 + ... is a geometric series.
x x x
( )
-1
Required to prove: S¥ = xy x 2 - y
Proof:
2 3
For the geometric series y + y3 + y5 + ...
x x x
T2 T3 y 2 y
= = ÷
T1 T2 x3 x
y2 x
= ´
x3 y
y
= 2
x
y
The series is a geometric progression with first term, a = and with a common
x
y
ratio of .
x2

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 a
S¥ = , r <1
1- r
y
= x
y
1- 2
x
y
= 2x
x -y
x2
y x2
= ´ 2
x x -y
xy
= 2
x -y
= xy ( x 2 - y )
-1

Q.E.D.

SECTION II

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

3. (a) A circle with center (1, - 1) passes through the point ( 4, 3) .

(i) Calculate the radius of the circle.

SOLUTION:
Data: A circle has center (1, - 1) and passes through ( 4, 3) .
Required to calculate: The radius of the circle
Calculation:

( 4 - 1) + ( 3 - ( -1) )
2 2
Length of the radius =

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 ( 3) + ( 4 )
2 2
=
= 25
= 5 units

(ii) Write the equation of the circle in the form x 2 + y 2 + 2 fx + 2 gy + c = 0.

SOLUTION:
Required to write: The equation of the circle in the form
x 2 + y 2 + 2 fx + 2 gy + c = 0.
Solution: Recall for

The equation is ( x - a )2 + ( y - b )2 = r 2
So, the equation of the given circle is
( x - 1) + ( y - ( -1) ) = ( 5)
2 2 2

x 2 - 2 x + 1 + y 2 + 2 y + 1 = 25
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y - 23 = 0 and which is of the form
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0, where g = -1, f = 1 and c = -23.

(iii) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point ( 4, 3).

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The equation of the tangent to the circle at the
point ( 4, 3) .
Solution:

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 The angle made by a tangent to a circle and a radius at the point of contact
is a right angle.

Gradient of the radius:

3 − (−1) 3 + 1 4
= = =
4−1 3 3

3
\The gradient of the tangent = - since the product of the gradients of
4
perpendicular lines is -1.

The equation of the tangent to the circle at ( 4, 3) is

y -3 3
=-
x-4 4
4 ( y - 3) = -3 ( x - 4 )
4 y - 12 = -3 x + 12
4 y = -3 x + 24
(b) Two vectors p and q are such that p = 8i + 2 j and q = i - 4 j.

(i) Calculate p .q .

Data: p = 8i + 2 j and q = i - 4 j, where p and q are two vectors.

Required to calculate: p .q
Calculation:
p . q = ( 8 ´1) + ( 2 ´ -4 )
= 8-8
=0

(ii) State the angle between the two vectors p and q.

SOLUTION:
Required to state: The angle between vectors p and q
Solution:

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 Recall if a . b = 0 then a is perpendicular to b.
Since p.q = 0 then the angle between p and q is 90°.

(c) The position vector a = 4i - 7 j. Find the unit vector in the direction of a.

SOLUTION:
Data: a = 4i - 7 j is a position vector.
Required to find: The unit vector in the direction of a.
Solution:

Any vector in the direction of a will be of the form a ( 4i - j) where a is a scalar.

A unit vector has a magnitude of 1

So |𝛼(4𝑖 − 7𝑗)| = 1
|4𝛼𝑖 − 7𝛼𝑗| = 1
P(4𝛼 )7 + (−7𝛼 )7 = 1
√65𝛼 7 = 1
√65𝛼 = 1
3
𝛼=
√HS

So, the unit vector in the direction of a is

1 4 7
(4𝑖 − 7𝑗) = 𝑖− 𝑗
√65 √65 √65

4. (a) A compass is used to draw a sector of radius 6 cm and area 11.32 cm2.

(i) Determine the angle of the sector in radians.

SOLUTION:
Data: A sector of radius 6 cm and area 11.32 cm2 is drawn using a
compass.
Required to determine: The angle of the sector in radians
Solution:

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 Let the sector be AOB and the angle of the sector be q radians.
1
Recall: A = r 2q ( A = area, r = radius and q = angle in radians)
2
1 2
So 11.32 = ( 6 ) ´ q
2
11.32 ´ 2
q= radians
36
= 0.6288 radians
» 0.629 radians

(ii) Calculate the perimeter of the sector.

SOLUTION:
Required to calculate: The perimeter of the sector
Calculation:
Perimeter of the sector AOB = ( 6 + arc length AB + 6 ) cm
= 6 + ( 6 ´ 0.6288 ) + 6
= 12 + 6 ( 0.6288)
= 15.7728 cm
= 15.773 cm to 3 decimal places

5
(b) A right-angled triangle XYZ has an angle, q , where sin q = . Without
5
evaluating q , calculate the exact value (in surd form if applicable) of

(i) cos q

SOLUTION:
5
Data: Right-angled triangle XYZ has an angle q such that sin q = .
5

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 Required to calculate: cos q in exact form
Calculation:
Assume that q is acute.

( 5)
2
( 5)
2
adj = - Pythagoras' Theorem

= + 25 - 5
= + 20

√20
∴ cos𝜃 =
5
√4 √5
=
5
2√5 2
= or in surd form
5 √5

(ii) sin 2q

SOLUTION:
Required to calculate: sin 2q
Calculation:
Since q is acute, then
sin 2q = 2sin q cos q
5 2
=2 ´
5 5
4
=
5

1
(c) Show that tan 2 q + 1 = .
cos 2 q

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 SOLUTION:
1
Required to show: tan 2 q + 1 =
cos 2 q
Proof:
Consider the lefthand side:
sin q
Recall: = tan q
cos q

sin 2 q 1
tan 2 q + 1 = +
cos 2 q 1
sin 2 q + cos 2 q
= Recall : sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1
cos 2 q
1
=
cos 2 q
= R.H.S.
Q.E.D.

SECTION III

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

æ 2ö
5. (a) The stationary points of a curve are given by ç 5, 11 ÷ and ( 3, 15 ).
è 3ø

dy
(i) Derive an expression for .
dx

SOLUTION:
æ 2ö
Data: ç 5, 11 ÷ and ( 3, 15 ) are two stationary points on a curve.
è 3ø
dy
Required to find:
dx
Solution:
( x - 5) and ( x - 3) are factors of dy = 0.
dx
dy
So, = a ( x - 5)( x - 3), where a is a constant
dx
= ax 2 - 8ax + 15a

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(ii) Determine the nature of the stationary points

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The nature of the stationary points.
Solution:
d2y
= 2ax - 8a
dx 2

d2y
When x = 5 = 2a
dx 2
> 0 (assuming a is a positive constant)
æ 2ö
Hence ç 5, 11 ÷ is a minimum point.
è 3ø
d2y
When x = 3 = -2a
dx 2
< 0 (assuming a is a positive constant)
Hence ( 3, 15 )is a maximum point

(iii) Determine the equation of the curve

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The equation of the curve.
Solution:
Equation of the curve is
( )
y = ò ax 2 - 8ax + 15a dx
ax3
y= - 4ax 2 + 15ax + C , where C is a constant
3

( 3, 15) lies on the curve.

\15 = 9a - 36a + 45a + C
18a + C = 15 …Œ

æ 2ö
ç 5, 11 ÷ lies on the curve.
è 3ø
2 2
11 = 41 a - 100a + 75a + C
3 3
2 2
11 = 16 a + C …
3 3

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 Œ -
1 1
3 =1 a
3 3
1
\a = 2
2

Substituting in Œ or  will give

C = -30

dy 5
So, if we substitute a = 2 ½ , then = ( x - 5)( x - 3)
dx 2
5x2 75
= - 20 x + and the equation of the curve is
2 2
5 1
y = x3 - 10 x 2 + 37 x - 30
6 2

( 2 x + 3)
2
(b) Differentiate 3 with respect to x, giving your answer in its simplest
form.

SOLUTION:
( 2 x + 3)
2
Required to differentiation: 3 with respect to x.
Solution:
( 2 x + 3)
2
Let y = 3

2
\ y = ( 2 x + 3) 3

dt
Let t = 2 x + 3 =2
dx
2
So y = t dy 2 23 -1
3
= t
dt 3
2 -1
= t 3
3

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 dy dy dt
= ´ (Chain rule)
dx dt dx

𝑑𝑦 2 J3
= 𝑡 0×2
𝑑𝑥 3
4 3
= 𝑡 J0
3
4
= 3
3𝑡 0
4
= c
3 √𝑡

Re-substituting for t we get,

𝑑𝑦 4
= c
𝑑𝑥 3 √2𝑥 + 3

6. (a) Integrate 3cos x + 2sin x .

SOLUTION:
Required to find: ò (3cos x + 2sin x ) dx
Solution:
ò ( 3cos x + 2sin x ) dx = 3ò cos x dx + 2ò sin x dx
= 3 ( sin x ) + 2 ( - cos x ) + C , where C is a constant
= 3sin x - 2 cos x + C

4 2 x
(b) Evaluate ò 1 x
dx .

SOLUTION:
4 2 x
Required to evaluate: ò 1 x
dx
Solution:

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 1
4 2 x 4 -1
ò 1 x
dx = ò 2 x 2 dx
1

1
4 -
= ò 2x 2
dx
1
4
é -1 +1 ù
ê 2x 2 ú
=ê + C ú , where C is a constant
1
ê - +1 ú
ë 2 û1
4
é 1 ù
ê 2x 2 ú
=ê + Cú
1
ê ú
ë 2 û1
4
= éë 4 x + C ùû
1

( ) ( )
= 4 4 - 4 1
=8-4
=4

dy
(c) The point ( 2, 4 ) lies on the curve whose gradient is given by = -2 x + 1.
dx
Determine:
(i) the equation of the curve

SOLUTION:
dy
Data: ( 2, 4 ) is a point on the curve such that = -2 x + 1.
dx
Required to find: The equation of the curve
Solution:
The equation of the curve is
y = ò ( -2 x + 1) dx
2x2
y=- + x + C , where C is a constant
2
y = - x2 + x + C

( 2, 4) lies on the curve

So 4 = - ( 2)2 + 2 + C
C =6
\The equation of the curve is y = - x 2 + x + 6.

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 (ii) the area under the curve in the finite region in the first quadrant between 0
and 3 on the x – axis.

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The area under the curve in the first quadrant between
x = 0 and x = 3.
Solution:
The area bounded by the curve in the first quadrant between x = 0 and
x = 3 and the x – axis is
3
é x3 x 2 ù
ò 0 ( - x + x + 6 ) dx = êë- 3 + 2 + 6 x + C úû , where C is a constant
3
2

é ( 3 )3 ( 3 ) 2 ù é ( 0 )3 ( 0 ) 2 ù
= ê- + + 6 ( 3) ú - ê - + + 6 ( 0)ú
ëê 3 2 ûú ëê 3 2 ûú
1
= -9 + 4 + 18
2
1
= 22 - 9
2
1
= 13 square units
2

SECTION IV

Answer only ONE question.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

7. (a) The weights, in kg, of students in a Grade 5 class are displayed in the following
stem and leaf diagram

Boys Girls Key:

9 8 2 8 8 9 Boys 8|2 means 28 kg
9 9 9 7 3 3 2 2 3 5 8 8 8 Girls 2|8 means 28 kg
5 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1 2
1 5

(i) State the number of students in the class.

SOLUTION:
Data: Stem and leaf diagram showing the weights, in kg, of students in a
Grade 5 class.
Required to state: The number of students in a class

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 Solution:
The number of boys = 15
The number of girls = 14
Total number of students = 15 + 14 = 29

(ii) Construct ONE box-and-whisker plot for the entire Grade 5 class (boys
and girls combined).

SOLUTION:
Required to construct: A box-and-whisker plot for the entire Grade 5
class
Solution:

Merging the data for the 29 students in the class

Boys and Girls

2 8 8 8 9 9
3 2 2 3 3 5 7 8 8 8 9 9 9
4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5
5 1

To construct the box-and-whisker plot, we need five statistical indices.

The lowest score = 28
The highest score = 51
The Median = 15th value = 39 ( Q2 )
The lower median, 𝑄3 is the mean of the 7 th and 8 th values,
32 + 33
𝑄3 = = 32.5
2
The upper median, 𝑄0 is the mean of the 22nd and 23rd values,
41 + 41
𝑄0 = = 41
2

The box-and-whisker plot for the entire Grade 5 class is shown below.

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(iii) The standard deviation of the weights of the boys is 5.53 kg.

Determine the standard deviation of the weights of the girls. Provide an

interpretation of your answer for the girls compared to that given for the
boys.

SOLUTION:

Data: The standard deviation of the boys’ weights is 5.53 kg

Required to determine: The standard deviation of the weights of the girls

and a comparison of the boys’ and girls’ standard deviations
Solution:
The weights of the girls, in kg, are 28, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 38, 38, 38, 40,
41, 41, 42.

å( x - x )
2

Standard deviation = , where x = values, x = mean and n =

n
number of values.
28 + 28 + 29 + 32 + 32 + 33 + 35 + 38 + 38 + 38 + 40 + 41 + 41 + 42
x=
14
495
=
14
= 35.36
We now calculate the deviation of each score from the mean, 𝑥e − 𝑥. f
Then we square these deviations and calculate the sum.

𝑥e 𝑥e − 𝑥̿ (𝑥e − 𝑥̿ )7
28 −7.36 54.17
28 −7.36 54.17
29 −6.36 40.45
32 −3.36 11.29
32 −3.36 11.29
33 −2.36 5.57
35 −0.36 0.13
38 2.64 6.97
38 2.64 6.97
38 2.64 6.97
40 4.64 21.53
41 5.64 31.81
41 5.64 31.81
42 6.64 44.09
327.22

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 å( x - x )
2
= 327.22

å( x - x )
2
327.22
=
n 14
= 23.37

å( x - x )
2

Standard deviation =
n
= 23.37
= 4.83
The standard deviation of the weights of the girls (4.83) is less than that of
the boys (5.53).

This means that the data showing the weights of the girls has a less spread
or is of a lesser variability than that for the boys. In the case of the girls,
their weights are more clustered around the mean.

(iv) Determine the number of students above the 20th percentile for this class.

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The number of students above the 20th percentile
of the class

Solution:
There are 15 boys and 14 girls, which is a total of 29 students in the class.
20
Finding the 20th percentile: ´ 29 = 5.8
100
We take the nearest whole number which is 6 and called the index

The data set written from the smallest to largest will be

28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 32, 32, 33, …
­
6th value

The number of students whose score is more than 32 will be 22 since 7

have scores of 32 or less.

(b) A vendor has 15 apples on a tray: 5 red, 6 green and 4 yellow. A customer
requests 3 apples but does NOT specify a colour.

Determine the probability that the apples chosen

(i) contain one of EACH colour

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 SOLUTION:
Data: A vendor has 5 red, 6 green and 4 yellow apples on a tray. A
customer requests 3 apples without specifying the colours.
Required to find: The probability that the customer gets one of each
colour of apple
Solution:
There are 6 possible ways that this can happen. The customer can get
RGY or RYG or GRY or GYR or YRG or YGR

S H F F
P(RGY) = P(𝑅 and 𝐺 and 𝑌) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3
S F H F
P(RYG) = P(𝑅 and 𝑌 and 𝐺) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3
H S F F
P(GRY) = P(𝐺 and 𝑅 and 𝑌) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3
H F S F
P(GYR) = P(𝐺 and 𝑌 and 𝑅) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3
F S F F
P(YRG) = P(𝑌 and 𝑅 and 𝐺) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3
F H S F
P(YGR) = P(𝑌 and 𝐺 and 𝑅) = 3S × 3F × 30 = k3

F 7F
P(Customer gets one of each colour) k3 × 6 = k3

(ii) are ALL of the same colour.

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The probability that the customer gets all three apples
of the same colour
Solution:
P(3 apples drawn at random are the same colour)
= P( RRR) or P(GGG ) or P(YYY )
æ5 4 3ö æ6 5 4ö æ 4 3 2ö
= ç ´ ´ ÷+ç ´ ´ ÷+ç ´ ´ ÷
è 15 14 13 ø è 15 14 13 ø è 15 14 13 ø
60 + 120 + 24
=
15 ´14 ´13
204
=
15 ´14 ´13
34
=
455

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
 The probability tree diagram illustrates all possible outcomes for these events.

S F 0 H4
× × =
𝑅𝑅𝑅 3S 3F 30 7E04
204
𝐺𝐺𝐺 H S F 374
× × = 2370
2730
3S 3F 30 7E04

𝑌𝑌𝑌 F
×
0
×
7
=
7F
3S 3F 30 7E04

S F 34 744
s

× × =
our

𝑅𝑅𝑅′ 3S 3F 30 7E04 600

col

S 34 F 744 2730
e

𝑅𝑅′𝑅 × 3F × 30 = 7E04
am

3S
3s

𝑅′𝑅𝑅 34 S F 744
3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04
ed
2r

𝐺𝐺𝐺′ H S k 7E4
3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04
2 same colours and 2 green H k S 7E4 810
𝐺𝐺′𝐺 × 3F × 30 = 7E04
one different colours 3S
2730
k H S 7E4
𝐺′𝐺𝐺 × × =
2y

3S 3F 30 7E04
el
lo

F 0 33 307
w

𝑌𝑌𝑌′ × 3F × 30 = 7E04
No iffere

3S
(3 d
sam nt c

F 0 33 307 396
𝑌𝑌′𝑌 × × =
2730
e c olou

3S 3F 30 7E04
olo

F 0 33 307
𝑌′𝑌𝑌 × 3F × 30 = 7E04
urs rs)

3S

S H F 374
𝑅𝐺𝑌 3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04

S F H 374
𝑅𝑌𝐺 3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04

H S F 374
𝐺𝑅𝑌 3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04 720
2730
𝐺𝑌𝑅 H F S 374
3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04

𝑌𝑅𝐺 F S H 374
3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04

F H S 374
𝑌𝐺𝑅 3S
× 3F × 30 = 7E04

204 + 600 + 810 + 396 + 720 2730

Total Probability = = =1
2730 2730

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
8. (a) A car has stopped at a traffic light. When the light turns green, it accelerates
uniformly, to a speed of 28 ms-1 in 15 seconds. The car continues to travel at this
speed for another 35 seconds, before it has to stop 10 seconds later at another
traffic light.

(i) On the grid provided, draw a speed-time graph showing the information
above.

SOLUTION:
Data: A car has stopped at a traffic light. When the light turns green, it
accelerates uniformly, to a speed of 28 ms-1 in 15 seconds. The car
continues to travel at this speed for another 35 seconds, before it has to
stop 10 seconds later at another traffic light.
Required to draw: A speed-time graph to show the motion of the car
Solution:
Phase 1:

Phase 2:

The horizontal branch (gradient of 0) indicates there is no acceleration and

hence constant velocity.

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
Phase 3:

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
(ii) Calculate the distance the car travelled between the two traffic lights.

SOLUTION:
Required to calculate: The distance travelled by the car between the two
traffic lights
Calculation:

1
Distance travelled = ( 60 + 35) ´ 28
2
= 1330 m

(iii) Calculate the average speed of the car over this journey, giving your
answer in kmh-1.

SOLUTION:
Required to calculate: The average speed of the journey in kmh-1
Calculation:
Total distance covered
Average speed =
Total time taken
1 330
km
1000
=
60
h
3600
1.33
=
1
60
= 79.8 kmh -1

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
(b) A particle moves in a straight line such that t seconds after passing a fixed point,
O, its acceleration, a, in ms-2, is given by a = 12t - 17 . Given that its speed at O is
10 ms-1, determine

(i) the values of t for which the particle is stationary

SOLUTION:
Data: A particle moving in a straight line passes a fixed point, O, after t
second with acceleration, a = 12t - 17 . Its speed at O is 10 ms-1.
Required to determine: the values of t for which the particle is stationary
Solution:
Let the velocity at t be v.
𝑣 = ∫ (12𝑡 − 17) 𝑑𝑡
37u v
𝑣= − 17𝑡 + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a constant
7

v = 10 where t = 0
\10 = 6 ( 0 ) - 17 ( 0 ) + C
2

C = 10

Hence, v = 6t 2 - 17t + 10

At a stationary point, v = 0
Let 6t 2 - 17t + 10 = 0

(6𝑡 − 5) (𝑡 − 2) = 0
5
∴ 𝑡 = or 2
6
5
∴ the particle is stationarywhen 𝑡 = seconds or 2 seconds
6

(ii) the distance the particle travels in the fourth second.

SOLUTION:
Required to calculate: The distance the particle travelled in the 4th
second
Calculation:
Let the distance from O at time t be s.
s = ò v dt
s = ò ( 6t 2 - 17t + 10 ) dt
6t 3 17t 2
s= - + 10t + K , where K is a constant
3 2

s = 0 when t = 0

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.
 17 2
0 = 2 ( 0) - ( 0 ) + 10 ( 0 ) + K
3

2
K =0

17 2
So, s = 2t 3 - t + 10t
2

17 ( 3)
2

s = 2 ( 3) - + 10 ( 3)
3
When t = 3
2
17 ( 9 )
= 54 - + 30
2
= 7.5

17 ( 4 )
2

s = 2 ( 4) - + 10 ( 4 )
3
When t = 4
2
= 128 - (17 ´ 8 ) + 40
= 32

So, the distance travelled in the 4th second = 32 - 7.5

= 24.5 m

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By Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan.