1

NEC3201 Hydraulic Engineering

Session 1
 2

IMPORTANT
(See the NEC3201 Collaborate space
for all general notices and teaching
material)
 3

Information on Unit Lecturers,

Tests, Assignments and Teaching
Sessions
 Abbreviated Summary of Unit Requirements 4

(Full details can be found in the NEC3201 Collaborate documents)

Unit Lecturers Ashok Sharma - Room D304C, E-mail: [Link]@[Link]
and Shobha Muthukumaran- Room D306, E-mail: [Link]- @[Link]
ASSESSMENT: The components of assessment are:
Assignment 1 (part 1) Design Problem solving (S3) 15%
based on topics covered in Sessions 1-3
Assignment 1 (part 2) Design report related to town water supply (Submit S4) 20%
based on topics covered in Sessions 1-3
Assignment 2 (a) In-Class Multiple Choice Questions (30 minutes) (S5) 10%
based on topics covered in Sessions 4-6
Assignment 3 Problem solving exercise (S7) 25%
based on topics covered in Sessions 4-6
Assignment 1 (part 3) Design Report on irrigation channel & sprinklers (Submit S9)
based on topics covered in Sessions 7-9 20%
Assignment 2(b) In-Class Multiple Choice Questions (30 minutes) (S11) 10%
based on topics covered in Sessions 10-11
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Abbreviated Summary of Unit Requirements (Continued)
• In order to pass this Unit, students must achieve an overall mark of 50.
• For Assignments 1(parts 2 and 3), it is important for students to have organized themselves
into groups by the end of day 2 of week 1 (Group of 3). If anybody has not done this and
notified me by then, please see discuss at the start of day 3 of week 1. Penalties will be applied to
any student making an individual submission unless this is authorised by Ashok Sharma.
VU COLLABORATE:
This notice and other general notices, the assignment brief, the Lecture Session Notes and
associated Tutorial Problems and Solutions files can be found on VU Collaborate for students to
download.
• Students are required to regularly access VU Collaborate to view these documents and all
general notices, and to download, ahead of time, any relevant teaching material that is listed for
pre-class reading/ discussion in classes.
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TEACHING AND ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS
Students must make every effort to attend all lecture sessions.
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Ashok Sharma (Associate Professor– Room D304C): Covering Sessions 1-3 and 7-11
Ashok Sharma will be available for informal student consultation prior to lecture session.
To contact him at other times please e-mail: [Link]@[Link]
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Shobha Muthukumaran (Associate Professor– Room D306): Covering Sessions 4-6

Shobha Muthukumaran will be available for informal student consultation prior to
lecture session. To contact him at other times please e-mail: [Link]
@[Link]
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Hydraulic Engineering Weekly Work Program
Week Session Topic Reading reference material and class notes
1 1 Urban Water Supply- Chapter 5: Distribution network elements, pages 111-138
Book: Dragan Savic and John Banyard (2016) Water Distribution Systems, Thomas Telford
Elements, configurations and Publishing/ ICE Publishing,
Chapter 2: Basic principles of pipe flow, pages 12-23, 30-33
single pipe system design Book: Prabhata K. Swamee and Ashok K. Sharma (2008) Design of Water Supply Pipe networks, John
Wiley & Sons Publication,USA,

2 Urban Water Supply - Dual Chapter 7: Design of water distributionsystems, pages 171-175
Book: Dragan Savic and John Banyard (2016) Water Distribution Systems, Thomas Telford
pipe systems Publishing/ ICE Publishing

3 Water Supply Distribution Chapter 3: Pipe network analysis, Section 3.7.1: Hardy Cross Method, pages 52-60. Book: Prabhata K.
Swamee and Ashok K. Sharma (2008) Design of Water Supply Pipe networks, John Wiley & Sons
Systems Publication, USA,

2 4 Groundwater Hydrology Book chapter: Davis and Cornwell (5th Ed, 2013) Introduction to Environmental Engineering, Chapter
4, pages 162-172

5 Water Quality Book chapter: Linsley, R.K. et al (1992) Water Resources Engineering, 4th edn, McGraw H, Chapter
15, pages 506- 520.
3. Book chapter: Davis and Cornwell (5th Ed, 2013) Introduction to EnvironmentalEngineering,
Chapter 6, pages 299-304

6 Water treatment units Book chapter: Davis and Cornwell (5th Ed, 2013) Introduction to Environmental Engineering, Chapter
6, pages 314-321, 340-342

3 7 Water hammer in pipes Chapter 1: Water hammer, pages 21-26 and 30-36
Chapter 4: parameters of Basic equation, pages 49-55.
Book: Josef Zaruba (1993) Water Hammer in Pipe-Line Systems, ElsevierPublication

8 Irrigation channel system Chapter 8: Flow in open channels, pages 225-241

Book: Les Hamill (2011) Understanding Hydraulics 3rd edition, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing

9 Irrigation sprinkler systems Chapter 14: Agricultural sprinkler irrigation, pages 243-258
Book: Peter Waller and MulunehYitayew (2016) Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Springer
Publisher

4 10 Land drainage systems Chapter 30 – Surface Drainage Design and Installation, pages 531-542
Book: Peter Waller and MulunehYitayew (2016) Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Springer
Publisher,

11 Water storage dams Chapter 4: Geologic foundation and seismicity investigations, pages 187-213
Chapter 5: Selection of the type of dams, pages 267-290
Book: Alfred R. Golzé (1977) Handbook of Dam Engineering New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,
 8

Session 1

Urban Water Supply

(Elements, Configuration and
Design of Single-pipe Systems)
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Session 1a
Water Supply System Overview
and Major System Components
 10

Simple Water Supply Systems

0
Source
150.00 3 4
2 3 4
130.00 120.00
3 4 640m 900m
1 2 3 4 125.00
130.00 120.00
2 7 5

420m
125.00 900m 0.125m

420m
640m 0.15m Storage [1] [2]

420m
0.10m
420m 0.10m
420m 0.20m
2 7 5
[1] [2] Pump 900m
0
640m 6 900m 5

420m
Pipe number Source
1 640m 0.15m 6 900m 0.080m 120.00
5
Nodenumber 129.00 E-5 1 129.00 1 8 125.00 6
1 8 125.00 6
120.00 130.00
Loopnumber

580m
[2] 10

5800m
580m 0.080m

580m
5800m 0.15m [3] [4]

580m 0.15m
10 11 9
125.00 Elevation 11 [3] [4]
9
1
Pipe number
700m Pipe length 12 13
12 Node number 7 8 9
13 127.00 121.00
7 8 9
127.00 121.00 640m 900m
640m 0.080m 900m 0.08m [3] Loop number
580m 0.15m

580m 0.10m
125.00 Elevation

580m

580m
17

580m 0.05m
[5] [6]

580m
17 [5] [6]
16 14
16 14 700m Pipe length
0.20m Pipe diameter 18 15
18
11 15
10 11 10
12 Flow direction 12
640m 0.125m 900m 0.10m 640m 900m

128.00
128.00

126.00

121.00
126.00

121.00
PH Pumping head

(A) Single source gravity looped water supply system

(B) Single source pumping looped water supply system

Source Storage

Source

Pipe network
Source Storage
Storage
Pipe network

Pump

(A) Multi-input sources gravity branched system (B) Multi-input sources pumping branched system

Reference: Swamee and Sharma (2008) Design of water supply pipe networks, John Wiley Publication
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WATER SUPPLY DESIGN OVERVIEW
Possible types of projects:
• Supply to town / industry with no previous reticulation, e.g, new
urban development or newly established mining town
• Augmentation works because existing system has become inadequate
- this may have occurred due to:
– increased demand because of increasing population, increasing
per head consumption, or establishment of new industry
– the existing supply being of inadequate quality
Design periods for city / town water supply schemes
• Typically 15 - 30 years, with shorter periods used when population
growth rates more uncertain
• Is most important to build as much flexibility into the system as
possible, and to design for stage development, i.e., can delay
augmentation when growth rates slow, and bring projects forward
when rates exceed predictions
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WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: MAJOR ELEMENTS
• Headworks: includes the source and directly associated developments,
e.g., water &/or sewage treatment plant, pumping station, borefield
• Service storage: often provided between the headworks and demand
area (e.g., town), or immediately adjacent to / within this area
• Major transfer conduits: link the headworks, service storage and
demand areas - basic types are:
– gravity flow conduits, e.g., open channels, or pipes, or tunnels and
aqueducts all flowing part full and laid to grade
– pressure conduits, e.g., pipes, tunnels, inverted siphons, rising mains, etc,
all flowing full and under pressure
• Pump stations: may be located at the headworks, or virtually anywhere
within the overall system, e.g., to boost flows or pressures
• Distribution system: pipe network(s) within the demand area which
allows water delivery to individual (or small groups of) consumers,
including single pipe potable and dual pipe systems
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POSSIBLE SOURCE OPTIONS

AND DELIVERY
ARRANGEMENTS FOR TOWN
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

NB: It is unlikely that more than Non-drinking P

(say) 2 or 3 of these sources water supply
would be used for any one system
(unless it were quite large) Main issues: Water quantity and quality
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Melbourne Water Reservoirs

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Melbourne Water Reservoirs

10 major reservoirs store water collected from the catchments. Together,
they have a storage capacity of 1,810 billion litres, and vary in size from
the smaller O’Shannassy (3 billion litres) to the massive Thomson (1,068
billion litres)
There are two types of storage reservoirs:
• on-stream reservoirs are fed by a water catchment
• (Thomson, Upper Yarra, Tarago, Yan Yean, Maroondah &
O'Shannassy)
• off-stream reservoirs receive water transferred from on-stream
reservoirs or other sources –
• (Cardinia, Sugarloaf, Silvan & Greenvale)
for example Sugarloaf Reservoir, which can receive water from the North-
South Pipeline

Reference: [Link]
education/about-our-water/water-storage-reservoirs
 A Zoned Urban Water Supply System for ≈ 8000 Dwellings 18

Low level
supply zone

Intermediate
level supply
zone

Some water
supply networks High level
may have only supply zone
one supply zone
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Service Storages and Volume Components
• Service storages are usually used in order to
– provide for short term imbalances between (an often) constant
supply and a fluctuating town (or other) demand (MOV)
– provide additional system security by holding (close to the
town) a volume of water which can be used for firefighting
(FV) or in the event of a breakdown in the headworks system
or transfer main (BV). (DV = dead volume)
• They may be located
– b/n source & demand area, so that all water must flow through
the storage before entering the town distribution system
– within or at the end of the distribution system, so that
flow can enter or leave the storage depending on the
level of demand (counter flow type)
• They may take the form of
– earth dams across gullies
– part excavated / part embankment type basins
– on-ground steel or concrete tanks
– steel standpipes
– elevated tanks (usually steel or concrete)
Example showing volume components of a service storage tank 
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• Typical features found in medium-to-large pump stations
• Pump house structure to house pumps, switchboard (if electrical power used) Pump
• Provision for one or more reserve pumps (to allow from say 33-100 % standby) Stations
• Ability to pump at different rates by either
– progressively cutting in more fixed speed pumps (in parallel)
– using at least one variable speed pump
• Automatic control of pump cut-in/out, valves, flow rates etc using telemetry (eg, of storage
levels, pressures)
• Adequate instrumentation, eg, head/pressure gauges, flow measurement
• Water hammer protection device(s), eg, air chamber
• Crane gantry to move pumps, appropriate noise suppression & ventilation arrangements
• Pumps can be controlled automatically (& remotely) by
– preset water levels being reached in a tank, float switches, pressure sensors, elec. probes,
pressures, eg, at shut-off head, being developed in the pipeline
– simple time switches, or preset programs in automatic monitoring systems
• Pump suction intakes (from tanks, sumps, etc) should be designed to avoid air entrainment &
resulting problems of noise, vibration, inefficiency & possible loss of prime (flow)
• Booster pump stations may be used to
– add extra flow capacity to existing (gravity) system (location wrt HGL is important - can be
economical for seasonal flow variations)
– add a fixed extra pressure to an existing supply (if pressure falls)
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Gravity and Pump Fed Components
 22

Weir with offtake into channel system

Summary of main e,
23
 24

Air Valve
Installation

Allows air
to enter and
leave the
pipeline
when
emptying
and filling
the main
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Hydraulically Operated Automatic Inlet Control Valve (AICV)
(controlling flow into a ground level tank)
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Scour Outlet for Emptying Pipelines

OR CREEK
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Float valves inside
the inlet chamber
for controlling the
flow into a service
basin.
 28

Automatic Inlet
Control Valve
(AICV)
Pressure Control
Mechanism
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Typical pump station layouts

Rising Main Pumping Station Layout: Booster Pumping Station Layout:

(May also have bypass with reflux valve (Line A necessary only if gravity
for waterhammer protection – see line section must be drained in
Lecture 10 for details). reverse direction).

Electrical Switchboard
 30
Pump Station – Two duty pumps – One stand-by pump
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Pump House – Inlet pipe – Outlet pipe – Divide Valve
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Two Interconnected On-ground Welded Steel Storage Tanks
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Example pipework connections for storage tanks
Small temporary reservoir constructed
to supply a new area of small initial
consumption – with provision for
construction of a larger permanent
reservoir when development and
consumption increases.

Construction arrangements for

surface reservoir and elevated
tank isolated from each other by
a divide valve (DV) – Surface
reservoir supplies low level
zone, elevated reservoir supplies
high level zone. Water enters
reservoir system at bottom left.
Standpipe Storage Tank – supplies small area near tank 34
 35
Elevated Storage Tank and Standpipes
 36
Excavated service basin under construction
Excavated service basin after completion 37
 38

Group Discussion on Water

Supply Systems and Their
Components
Some aspects for group discussion:
• Need for a water supply system.
• Water supply sources.
• Type of water supply systems.
• Various components of water supply systems.
Video :
[Link]