DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

The Philippine English Innovation:

Its Intelligibility and Status to English Diffusers of
Different Universities/Schools/Institutions

Submitted by:

Ngujo, Jake Allan A. Potestades, Nichaella

Mendoza, Abegail M. Rabina, John Clarence
Quizana, Maria Theresa Paula A. Leron, Dannah Mariel
Floendo, Alen Mae M. Adeser, Ma. Sophia Hannah
Del Rio, Jezreel E. Dignum, Christine

Submitted to:

Joe Mar Pornobi

Research Adviser

I. INTRODUCTION
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

English has become the dominant language around the world (Matsuda &
Matsuda, 2010). It is referred to as the language of global competitiveness, the
language of open global labor markets, and the language of information and
communication. As a result of internationalization, the language develops in many
varieties. These variations come from the language interaction, transformation,
compounding, borrowing, coinage, and other linguistic processes. The linguistic,
political, geographical, language contact, and cultural legacy and identity of a group of
people determine the variation of English spoken by that group. Hence, English has
abundant variants of English that lead to the declaration of Englishes or World
Englishes.

Philippine English is one of the variations of the English language. The

development of Philippine English has had its own particular history linked to the
educational development of the Philippines under American colonial rule and that of the
post colonial era. Since then, the use of Philippine English as a variation has been
commonplace. In her work "Defining Standard Philippine English: Its Status and
Grammatical Features," Bautista (2000) made a significant impact on the status of
Philippine English, claiming that Philippine English is not English that falls short of the
norms of Standard American English. As English became the language of instruction, it
was indigenized through the incorporation of vocabulary from local languages, the
adaptation of English terminology to local demands, and changes in pronunciation and
syntax. newspapers and publications, the media, and literary writing all used English.
From a few words and phrases to near-native mastery, the language spoken ability
ranges from a scattering of words and phrases to passive understanding.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

In this regard, some words used in Filipino were borrowed from English. Some
borrowed words cannot be directly translated into Filipino so they are used as is but
may be spelled in Filipino according to their pronunciation. This results in the creation of
new words used locally in the Philippines deviated from Standard English as what is
being called now as Standard Philippine English (Borlongan, 2007). These words and
expressions like “brownout,” “comfort room,” “bold,” “high-blood,” and “stolen shot,” all
make use of English words, but find distinctive meaning and usage in the local context.
Many more have joined it since then, including “bongga,” “kikay kit,” “adobo,” “gimmick”
(to mean a night out), “presidentiable” (to mean a person running for president), and
“trapo” (to mean the sort of person that should not be president) as Dr. Danica Salazar
explained (World English Editor - Oxford English Dictionary).

Bautista et al (2006) stated that Philippine English has continuously flourished,

giving birth to new words which are popularly and widely used by Filipinos today as they
work in compiling a list of Philippine English words for inclusion in the dictionary.

Thus, in response, this study seeks to explore the perception and use of the
lexicon of Philippine English by the selected English language Teachers in different
universities, schools, and institutions, answering three aims; (1) Determine the level of
acceptability of English diffusers into the Philippine English as use in the following
context: Sentences and Literature; (2) Interpret the status of Philippine English from the
perspectives of English diffusers. (3) Propose an innovative event/output for Philippine
English enthusiasts. Philippine is one of the most important English-using societies in
Asia, and not long in a decade, the claim has been made that the Philippines was the
third largest English-using society in the world. Noticeably from street signs, instructions
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

of textbooks, subjects we offer, books from national bookstores, and even the front
page of the newspaper are using English. The first teachers of the Philippines are called
Thomasites, whose impact is not only a teacher but also a trainer. By the year of 1921,
91 percent of all teachers were native Filipinos and, therefore, from the beginning the
Filipinos learned English from the Filipinos. From then, we preferred the use of mixed
English and Tagalog (Taglish) as the medium for teaching, following the existence of
the words that only Filipino know. That is how the concept of Philippine English started,
yet despite this, in general PE remains known only by few Filipinos.
As for the development, the researchers devise a suggestion that would profit the
next researchers or understudies with a similar course, as we anticipate that there's a
requirement for strengthening and acknowledgment using PE. Philippine English as a
course/subject of study that isolates from the typical method of instructing and learning
English, Standard English. The researchers thought of potential exercises as expansion
to the future advocates of Philippine English.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Figure 1: Possible Activities to the subject/course Philippine English

 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

II. METHODOLOGY:

This chapter introduced the methodology and procedures that were used. The
methodology covered the research design, research locale, role as a researcher,
research instruments, data gathering procedure, and data analysis. This research is
about Philippine English Innovation which aims to determine the level of acceptability
and accessibility of Pinoy English into the perception of English Diffusers (Teachers) as
it used to sentences and literature, given as part of the course Philippine English. As
described in the introduction, Philippine is one of the most important English-using
societies in Asia and claims to be the third largest English-using society in the world. In
order to answer the research question, the link of the research questionnaire was sent
to (14) Filipino English language Teachers are expected to give and share their opinion
in acceptance of Philippine English. Answers were recorded by saving their response,
with consent.

This study follows a mixed-method research design. This method is a

combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. It was used to discuss
the satisfaction of English language users as an inquiry process to understand a social
or human problem based on building a complex language usage. In this study, the
researchers looked for the acceptability of Philippine English of the respondents.
Likewise, phenomenology emphasizes individual experience, beliefs, perceptions; a
method of understanding the social meanings of life experiences of individuals.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Philippine English has a huge impact on the vocabularies of English language

art. Thus, it leads to the development of the topic by the researcher. In this study the
researchers seek information to discover new facts about known phenomena which is
Philippine English, and to answer the problem which is only partially solved through the
methods by the use of structured online questionnaires. Moreover, the researchers look
for the perception of the respondents about Philippine English.

In this study, researchers are to view the respondents’ different perceptions

without partiality of their negative and positive opinions. The researcher needs to be
neutral in every data that they have gathered.

Due to the pandemic, the study was conducted through an online platform. The
researchers used Google forms as a medium to disseminate and collect data. The
participants answered each questionnaire at the comforts of their home.

This study used a questionnaire with a 4-point scale with selected Filipino
English language Teachers. The researcher sought permission to the selected
participants. A consent was given to the participants to secure the confidentiality of the
information that they gave. In study of (Jonathan Malicsi) Philippine English, English
Diffusers are the English advocates or practitioners who influence people widely such
as teachers, priests and ministers, administrators, media practitioners, and copywriters.
Believing that teachers influence people in their childhood and maturity stage, the
researchers decided to use English Diffusers as an account to the teachers. Also, the
subjects are deliberately used in the convenience of time and days that the researchers
are putting into. In order to get the pertinent data needed for the study. The
questionnaire was divided into three (3) parts. The first part contains the profile of the
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

respondents. Their name, age and the number of years as an English teacher. The
second part of the questionnaire consists of sentences and literature that used the
Philippine English. There are twenty (20) items of sentences and eight (8) literature with
seven (7) short story excerpts and one (1) Jolography poem. The underlined words in
the passages are the Philippine English vocabulary from Oxford English Dictionary. The
third part of the questionnaire is a general essay type of question. Participants were
expected to share their opinion and acceptability in Philippine English.

Data collection is an interaction in social occasion data from different important

sources to answer the exploration issue. As indicated by (Bhandari, 2020), the
assortment techniques in subjective exploration include four essential sorts (1)
Quantitative observation is the point at which the specialist takes field notes on the
conduct and exercises of people at the survey platform; (2) Quantitative survey is when
the researcher engages in analyzing data from the selected 14 English language
Teachers from different universities, schools, and institutions using a web-based Google
docs survey platform; (3) Quantitative document is a private document that researchers
provided using web-based Google docs survey platform as source of the data and; (4)
Quantitative Likert scale material. This data form as a rating based on the category was
given by the written choices. Provides creative data collection that the participant freely
lets their thoughts to emphasize and resolve the issue in likert scale ethnography (Frost,
2021).

The data is collected on a survey form, quantitative likert scale material was used in this
study.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data gathered from the
respondents of the study.

Weighted Mean. The weight of the respondents' responses in the questionnaire was
calculated through this statistical method. The formula for the weighted mean is as
follows:

Where as:

Range. The range of a set of data is the difference between the largest and smallest
values.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Table 2.1. This table shows the verbal descriptions for the weighted mean and
the range of a set of data between the largest and smallest values equal to their mean.
This is utilized to give measures to overall acceptability of the English Diffusers.

Verbal Description Range

Acceptable 3.25 - 4.00

Moderately Acceptable 2.50 - 3.24

Slightly Acceptable 1.75 - 2.49

Unacceptable 1.00 - 1.74

III. RESULT

This chapter introduced the result from the data gathered and tabulated. The
chapter covered the findings, interpretation of data, and the summary of findings. In
order to evaluate the research data, the acceptability of Philippine English is tabulated
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

in the tables, 3.1. Acceptability of Philippine English (PE) in Sentences and 3.2.
Acceptability of Philippine English in Literature. This data was compiled from the
selected (14) English language Teachers that were able to give and share their opinion
on the acceptability of Philippine English.

Table 3.1: Acceptability of PE in Sentences

Sentences 4 3 2 1
Weighted Verbal
(A) (MA) (SA) (U) Mean Description

1. The actress was caught in an 50% 35.7% 7.1% 7.1% 3.286 Acceptable
ambush interview regarding the
recent controversy.
Some public influencers don’t
want to entertain an ambush
interview.

2. I can accomplish the tasks sooner 78.6% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 3.571 Acceptable
or later.
She has a lot of things to
accomplish today.

3. I don’t eat bagoong. Moderately

Bagoong has a bad odor and is not 35.7% 35.7% 21.4% 7.1% 3 Acceptable
appealing to eat.

4. My aunt says that she will send a 57.1 % 42.9% 0 0 3.571 Acceptable
balikbayan box next month.
Some families of an OFW are so
excited to receive a balikbayan
box.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

5. I think my baon will not last for a 14.3% 7.1% 21.4% 57.1% 1.786 Slightly
week. Acceptable
Ceniza didn’t experience having a
high baon when she was an
elementary student.

6. She was restrained in the 57.1% 28.6% 7.1% 7.1% 3.357 Acceptable
barangay because she was outside
during the curfew hours.
Dalahican is one of the biggest
barangays in the city of Lucena.

7. I will hang-out with my barkada 14.3% 21.4% 28.6% 35.7% 2.143 Slightly
next week. Acceptable
Barkada is where we usually run
to whenever we have problems.

8. The barong looks too old. 85.7% 7.1% 7.1% 0 3.786 Acceptable
Some government officials prefer
to wear barong tagalog during
their formal meetings.

9. I saw my batchmate earlier in the 85.7% 7.1% 7.1% 0 3.786 Acceptable

market.
Daisy and Carla were batchmates.

10. Her lifestyle is bongga now. 7.1% 28.6% 7.1% 57.1% 1.857 Slightly
The house of Vice Ganda is Acceptable
undeniably bongga.

11. We can eat at the carinderia to 28.6% 21.4% 21.4% 28.6% 2.5 Moderately
save money. Acceptable
Some carinderias are closed
because of the COVID-19
situation.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

12. Her vehicle was carnap this 14.3% 50% 21.4% 14.3% 2.643 Moderately
morning, maybe that's why she’s Acceptable
late.
The man in black plans to carnap
Abby’s sports car.

13. Our teacher told us to bring 2 57.1% 21.4% 14.3% 7.1% 3.286 Acceptable
cartolina in each group.
Sam bought white cartolina last
week.

14. Can you come with me in the 92.9% 0 7.1% 0 3.857 Acceptable
comfort room?
There is a donation box upon
entering the comfort room.

15. Are you going to attend her 42.9% 28.6% 28.6% 0 3.143 Moderately
despedida party tomorrow? Acceptable
She will throw a despedida party
next week.

16. Marites was accused of estafa. 78.6% 14.3% 7.1% 0 3.714 Acceptable
There are lots of detainees in the
Correctional Institution for
Women whose cases are estafa.

17. The ensaimada is too sweet. 71.4% 21.4% 7.1% 0 3.643 Acceptable
She prefers the ensaimada of
Goldilocks than the ordinary
ensaimada.

18. I have a gimmick tonight with my 21.4% 35.7% 14.3% 28.6% 2.5 Moderately
barkada. Acceptable
Cecille loves to have a gimmick
with her friends.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

19. I don’t like eating halo-halo. 78.6% 14.3% 0 7.1% 3.643 Acceptable
Halo-halo is very popular during
the summer season.

20. You can eat the turon that she 57.1% 21.4% 14.3% 7.1% 3.286 Acceptable
cooked.
Turon is the best snack for her.

Average 3.118 Moderately

Acceptable

Table 3.1 shows the acceptability of Philippine English in the context of sentences,
where the overall mean appeared 3.118% Weighted Arithmetic Mean (WAM) or
Moderately Acceptable to English Diffusers (teachers). There are (12) twelve total
acceptable sentences in the data, the highest word that accepted by English Diffusers is
“Comfort Room” [or a toilet] which has 3.857% Weighted Mean (WM); the word
“Barong” [a lightweight embroidered shirt for men, worn untucked and traditionally made
of piña or a similar vegetable fibre] and “Batchmate” [ a member of the same school or
college class as another; a classmate] got the higher response of acceptance which has
the weighted mean of 3.786% while; “Estafa” [ wrongful or criminal deception intended to
result in financial or personal gain; fraud] with 3.714% got the high response of
acceptable. On the other side, there are (5) five moderately acceptable tabulated on the
data: “despedida”[ a social event to mark a person's departure; a farewell party or
leaving party ]with 3.143 WM got the highest acceptance among the moderately
acceptable; the word “bagoong” is second to the highest which has 3.00% WM and; the
use of “Carnap” [ to steal (a car) ] with 2.643% and both “Carinderia” [ a food stall with a
small seating area] and “Gimmick” [an unusual trick or unnecessary device that is
intended to attract attention or to persuade people to buy something a
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

promotional/publicity/sales gimmick We don't use gimmicks to sell our products ] with

2.50% got the low level of acceptability among the moderately acceptable. Lastly, there
are (3) three total of Slightly Acceptable use of Philippine English in the data: “Barkada”
[ a group of friends ] with 2.143% WM got the low percentage response of acceptability
among the slightly acceptable; the use of Philippine English word “Bongga”
[ Extravagant or flamboyant ] with 1.857% weighted mean got the lower, and; the lowest
percentage with 1.786% of computed weighted mean is the use of “baon” [ money,
food, or other provisions taken to school work, or on a journey ].

Table 3.2: Acceptability of PE in Literature

Literature 4 3 2 1
Weighte Verbal
(A) (MA) (SA) (U) Description
Short Stories (Excerpt) d Mean

1.
He went out with his old cronies, but he had 30.8% 38.5% 7.7% 23.1% 2.786 Moderately
neglected his marbles. The marbles hung Acceptable
from the rafter over the shelf for the plates,
gathering soot and dust and cobwebs. It was a
reminder of Itong’s earlier boyhood. And he
did not go out with Nena any more. “Have
you forgotten your friend, Nena, already?”
Inciang asked him and he reddened. “Have
you been giving her linubbian, Manang?” he
asked. And when she said “Yes,” he looked
glad. (Big Sister)
2.
HE first saw her in his brother’s eyes. The 28.6% 35.7% 21.4% 14.3% 2.786 Moderately
palay stalks were taking on gold in the late Acceptable
afternoon sun, were losing their trampled,
wind-swept look and stirring into little,
almost inaudible whispers. (Harvest)
3.
Papa tried to call an albularyo to get rid of 28.6% 28.6% 28.6% 14.3% 2.714 Moderately
our unwelcome housemates but the woman
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

was booked till the end of the week. Acceptable

Meanwhile, the elves had become our alarm
clock. When they start their noise, we would
get up and do our errands. Papa would start
cooking, I would start setting the table, Mama
would sweep. The whole house–my older
sister and my cousin would water the plants,
and my brother would start coloring his
books. (We really didn’t expect him to work,
he was only four.). (The Little People)
4.
I put the tomatoes in the small palanggana, 21.4% 28.6% 21.4% 28.6% 2.429 Moderately
careful not to bruise their delicate skin, and Acceptable
carried them to the sink. (The Tale of
Tonyo The Brave)
5.
COME here, mga apo. You want me to tell 38.5% 23.1% 15.4% 23.1% 2.857 Moderately
you a story? Then you must come nearer, and Acceptable
sit at my feet. Don’t interrupt me, as my
memory is as fleeting as the summer breeze,
and you may find that an interrupted story is
worse than no story at all. (Sinigang)
6.
What people now observed at home was the 71.4% 28.6% 0% 0% 3.714 Acceptable
diligence with which l attended to my violin
lessons. My aunt, who had come from the
farm to join her children for the holidays,
brought with her a maidservant, and to the
poor girl was given the chore of taking the
money to the baker’s for rolls and pan de sal.
I realized at once that it would be no longer
becoming on my part to make these morning
trips to the baker’s. I could not thank my aunt
enough. (Bread of Salt)
7.
They thought of nobody but him; they 64.3% 21.4% 7.1% 7.1% 3.429 Acceptable
talked about him in the barber shop, in the
cockpit, in the sari-sari store, the way he
walked, the way he looked at you, his unruly
hair. They dressed him in purple and linen, in
myth and mystery, put him astride a black
stallion, at the wheel of a blue automobile.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Mr. Reteche? Mr. Reteche! The name

suggested the fantasy and the glitter of a
place and people they never would see; he
was the scion of a powerful family, a poet
and artist, a prince.
(Zita)

Poem
Jolography
8.
O, how dead you child are, whose spoiled
Sportedness is being fashion showed

Beautifuling as we speak -- in Cubao

There is that same look: Your Crossing
Ibabaw,

Your Nepa Cute, Wednesdays

Baclaran, "Please pass. Kindly ride on."

Tonight will be us tomorrowed- Moderately

Lovers of the Happy Meal and its H, 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 2.286 Acceptable
Who dream of the importedness of sex as
long as it's
Pirated and under a hundred, who can smell

A Pasig Raver in a dance club. O, the toilet

Won't flush, but we are moved, doing the
gerby

In a plastic bag; we want to feel the grooves

Of the records, we want to hear some scratch-

In a breakaway movement, we're the shake

To the motive of pockets, to the max.

The change is all in the first jeep

Of the morning's route. Rerouting
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

This city and its heart attacks; one minute

faster
Than four o'clock, and the next

Wave that stands out in the outdoor crowd

hanging with a bunch of yo-yos-

A face with an inverted cap on, wearing all

Smiles the smell of foot stuck between the
teeth

Average 2.875 Moderately

Acceptable

Table 3.2 reveals the acceptability of Philippine English in the context of literature,
where the overall weighted mean appeared to be 2.875% that is equivalent to
moderately acceptable to English language Teachers. There are eight (8) literatures
included, seven (7) excerpts from short stories and one (1) poem. There are 2 (two)
acceptable literatures that appeared in the data, and six (6) moderately acceptable
literatures. The word that was accepted by the English diffusers with the highest
weighted mean is “pan de sal” [a type of bread that is commonly serve for breakfast]
that has 3.714 weighted mean; the next word that got high weighted mean is the “sari-
sari store” [ a small house in the neighbourhood that sells variety of food] with the
weighted mean of 3.429. Based on the data, there are six (6) moderately accepted by
the English practitioners the first on the list is “mga apo” [“mga” is used to give title in
plural nouns; “apo” grandchild; “mga apo” grandchildren] with the weighted mean of
2.857 equivalent to moderately acceptable; followed by “linubbian” [no direct definition],
“Manang” [term given to an older sister], and “palay stalks” [rice that has not been
husked] got equal weighted mean which is 2.786; the word “albularyo” [witch doctor] got
the weighted mean of 2.714; the word “palanggana” [basin] is the second to the last that
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

got low weighted mean which is 2.429; and the literature that got the lowest weighted
mean is the poem entitled “Jolography” with the weighted average of 2.286.

According to the participants’ responses, 9 out of 14 participants answered Yes

as is. The participants pointed out some traits of why Philippine English is or must be
natural for all Filipinos. In connection to education, those English Diffusers explained
that “students can understand English better when it is contextualized”, others added
that PE is native to the country and culturally inclined to all Filipinos and that some
words don't have a proper English translation. In the grammar translation method,
students were able to understand the rules in grammar when the teachers employed
both native and target language. Therefore, using Philippine English as a medium of
language in formal or informal ways can help to reduce ambiguity. Suppose, if World
English (WE) is the preferred language of translators or interpreters in understanding
the whole world, why wont Philippine English be accepted as a variety of English by
some of the Filipino? Some answers were written “accepted” along with their doubt
which are shown as follows:

1) I do. But some of it is not. It sounds grammatically correct, but it's not. If you want to be
coherent speaker of the English language, most of it will not be acceptable.
2) I do not accept Philippine English unless it will be used in our own conversation (among
close friends) so that everyone can understand, however if it will be used to
communicate to other people I do not know, I prefer the universal language so that I will
be better understand by others.
3) It depends between the conversation being done. We need to be considerate in the
language we are using especially in a professional environment like teaching.
4) In my opinion, it all depends on the situation because there are instances that it is
acceptable but on some, it is not. I do accept it if we use Philippine English in informal
writing. In literature, it is somehow acceptable based on its genre.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

5) As I've noticed there are words that is quite fine to be used in an English sentence,
especially if it is used as a noun like halo-halo or barong, however I don't recommend
words like baon to be infused in English sentence cause it sounded very "conyo". Some
things are better when sperated, for it gives them boundaries and own identities. That is
just my perception though. Good day!

As noticed, there are points in the data that show these participants don’t
genuinely accept the PE. First, PE is not for formal conversation since it can only be
understood by Filipinos alone. English is a Universal language that drops in different
areas so people tend to learn the language importantly for their self innovations. English
language gives convenience to the learners as it is useful in different areas especially in
the workplace. Second, some PE expressions are grammatically incorrect though it
almost certainly sound like International English. For example the word provinces which
is used to refer to places that are outside Manila, included in the study [of
Borlongan,2007] “Growth may not be felt in the cities, but it is now felt in the provinces
[country] where many residents rely on agriculture”. Third, some PE phrases sounded
conyo. An example of it is the word baon. There are some Filipino words that don't have
a direct English translation. For this reason, Filipinos tend to mix Filipino and English
and that it shouldn’t be pervaded in sentences. In the study of Borlongan it stated that
“We should be able to speak and write in English and Pilipino but we should avoid
mixing one with the other as it would discombobulate the message we are trying to
express. (Germayuga) On the other side, English diffusers somehow accept the
Philippine English when: conversing with an acquaintance; using it as literary genre,
and; preserving cultural identity.

IV. DISCUSSION
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Although Philippine English has continuously flourished, giving birth to new

words which are popularly and widely used by Filipinos today as they work in compiling
a list of Philippine English words for inclusion in the dictionary (Bautista et al 2006), the
result of this research study on the other hand only achieved a Moderately Acceptable
ramification. Additionally, from the perspective of English language Teachers, Philippine
English is accepted depending on the situation to when or where, and the listener to
whom they are speaking to.

Wherefore, in this chapter, the researchers will be proposing an empowerment

towards further dissemination of the Philippine English by the use of webinars or forum
events for the propagation of the Philippine English words and video making [which
contains an introduction of PE and vocabulary].

Additionally, the researchers seek a pleasant and eager assistance from the
Philippine English advocates, proponents and reformers from the honored English
language Teachers, Educators, and Instructors from different universities, schools, and
institutions for a rapid and expeditious enrichment of the Philippine English throughout
the country, and to other countries moreover.

The researchers also desire to beseech succor from the World Englishes
exponents of their preeminent knowledge, in the great respect with the likes of the
foremost, Braj Kachru, Shirley Dita, Danica Salazar, Ma. Lourdes Bautista, Ariane
Borlongan along with the others, in the English language and its varieties. As to say that
every variety of English is English. Hence, Philippine English is a qualified variety of the
English Language.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

(English is now ours. We have colonized it too (Abad, 1997) from the study of Arianne Borlongan)

REFERENCES:

Bautista, M. L. (2000). DEFINING STANDARD PHILIPPINE ENGLISH: Its Status and

Grammatical Features. Manila, Philippines: De La Salle University Press, Inc.

Bautista, M. L., & Gonzalez, A. (2006). Southeast Asian English. In: B. B. Kachru, Y.
Kachru, & C. L. Nelson (Eds.), The Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 130-144).
Malden, MA. Oxford; Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Borlongan, A. (2007). Innovations in Standard Philippine English. Current research on

English and applied linguistics: A De La Salle University special issue. [Link].

Manalo, P. (2003). Jolography. Manila, Philippines: The University of the Philippines

Press

Matsuda, A. & Matsuda, P. (2010) World Englishes and the teaching of writing.
Teaching Issues, p. 309-374. TESOL Quarterly.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

V. DOCUMENTATION

Since the researcher used an online platform as a medium to conduct the research, the
following images below are the screenshot of the questionnaire that was utilized, the
online meeting of the researchers for the dissemination of tasks and setting of the
schedule that needs to be followed accordingly.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

The questionnaires are included below, together with the particular numerical statistics of the fourteen
(14) respondents' chosen response.

Sentences
1 2 3 4
U SA MA A
1. The actress was caught in an ambush
interview regarding the recent
controversy. 7 5 1 1
Some public influencers don’t want
to entertain an ambush interview.
2. I can accomplish the tasks sooner or
later. 11 1 1 1
She has a lot of things to accomplish
today.
3. I don’t eat bagoong.
Bagoong has a bad odor and is not 5 5 3 1
appealing to eat.
4. My aunt says that she will send a
balikbayan box next month. 8 6 0 0
Some families of an OFW are so
excited to receive a balikbayan box.
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

5. I think my baon will not last for a

week.
Ceniza didn’t experience having a 2 1 3 8
high baon when she was an
elementary student.
6. She was restrained in the barangay
because she was outside during the
curfew hours. 8 4 1 1
Dalahican is one of the biggest
barangays in the city of Lucena.
7. I will hang-out with my barkada next
week.
Barkada is where we usually run to 2 3 4 5
whenever we have problems.
8. The barong looks too old.
Some government officials prefer to
wear barong tagalog during their 12 1 1 0
formal meetings.
9. I saw my batchmate earlier in the
market. 12 1 1 0
Daisy and Carla were batchmates.
10. Her lifestyle is bongga now.
The house of Vice Ganda is 1 4 1 8
undeniably bongga.
11. We can eat at the carinderia to save
money. 4 3 3 4
Some carinderias are closed because
of the COVID-19 situation.
12. Her vehicle was carnap this morning,
maybe that's why she’s late. 2 7 3 2
The man in black plans to carnap
Abby’s sports car.
13. Our teacher told us to bring 2
cartolina in each group. 8 3 2 1
Sam bought white cartolina last
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

week.
14. Can you come with me in the
comfort room? 13 0 1 0
There is a donation box upon
entering the comfort room.
15. Are you going to attend her
despedida party tomorrow? 6 4 4 0
She will throw a despedida party next
week.
16. Marites was accused of estafa.
There are lots of detainees in the 11 2 1 0
Correctional Institution for Women
whose cases are estafa.
17. The ensaimada is too sweet.
She prefers the ensaimada of 10 3 1 0
Goldilocks than the ordinary
ensaimada.
18. I have a gimmick tonight with my
barkada. 3 5 2 4
Cecille loves to have a gimmick with
her friends.
19. I don’t like eating halo-halo.
Halo-halo is very popular during the 11 2 0 1
summer season.
20. You can eat the turon that she
cooked. 8 3 2 1
Turon is the best snack for her.

Literature

Short Story (Excerpt) 1 2 3 4

1.
He went out with his old cronies, but he had
neglected his marbles. The marbles hung from the
rafter over the shelf for the plates, gathering soot
and dust and cobwebs. It was a reminder of 4 6 1 3
Itong’s earlier boyhood. And he did not go out
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

with Nena any more. “Have you forgotten your

friend, Nena, already?” Inciang asked him and he
reddened. “Have you been giving her linubbian,
Manang?” he asked. And when she said “Yes,” he
looked glad. (Big Sister)
2.
HE first saw her in his brother’s eyes. The palay
stalks were taking on gold in the late afternoon 4 5 3 2
sun, were losing their trampled, wind-swept look
and stirring into little, almost inaudible whispers.
(Harvest)
3.
Papa tried to call an albularyo to get rid of our
unwelcome housemates but the woman was 4 4 4 2
booked till the end of the week. Meanwhile, the
elves had become our alarm clock. When they
start their noise, we would get up and do our
errands. Papa would start cooking, I would start
setting the table, Mama would sweep. The whole
house–my older sister and my cousin would water
the plants, and my brother would start coloring his
books. (We really didn’t expect him to work, he
was only four.). (The Little People)
4.
I put the tomatoes in the small palanggana,
careful not to bruise their delicate skin, and carried 3 4 3 4
them to the sink. (The Tale of Tonyo The
Brave)
5.
COME here, mga apo. You want me to tell you a
story? Then you must come nearer, and sit at my 6 3 2 3
feet. Don’t interrupt me, as my memory is as
fleeting as the summer breeze, and you may find
that an interrupted story is worse than no story at
all. (Sinigang)
6.
What people now observed at home was the
diligence with which l attended to my violin
lessons. My aunt, who had come from the farm to
join her children for the holidays, brought with her 10 4 0 0
a maidservant, and to the poor girl was given the
chore of taking the money to the baker’s for rolls
and pan de sal. I realized at once that it would be
no longer becoming on my part to make these
morning trips to the baker’s. I could not thank my
aunt enough. (Bread of Salt)
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

7.
They thought of nobody but him; they talked
about him in the barber shop, in the cockpit, in the 9 3 1 1
sari-sari store, the way he walked, the way he
looked at you, his unruly hair. They dressed him in
purple and linen, in myth and mystery, put him
astride a black stallion, at the wheel of a blue
automobile. Mr. Reteche? Mr. Reteche! The name
suggested the fantasy and the glitter of a place and
people they never would see; he was the scion of a
powerful family, a poet and artist, a prince.
(Zita)

Poem

Beautifuling as we speak -- in Cubao

There is that same look: Your Crossing Ibabaw,

Your Nepa Cute, Wednesdays

Baclaran, "Please pass. Kindly ride on."

Tonight will be us tomorrowed-

Lovers of the Happy Meal and its H,

Who dream of the importedness of sex as long as

it's
Pirated and under a hundred, who can smell

A Pasig Raver in a dance club. O, the toilet

Won't flush, but we are moved, doing the gerby

In a plastic bag; we want to feel the grooves

Of the records, we want to hear some scratch-
4 2 2 6
In a breakaway movement, we're the shake
To the motive of pockets, to the max.

The change is all in the first jeep

Of the morning's route. Rerouting

This city and its heart attacks; one minute faster

Than four o'clock, and the next
 DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

(formerly City College of Lucena)

Isabang, Lucena City

Philippine English

Wave that stands out in the outdoor crowd

hanging with a bunch of yo-yos-

A face with an inverted cap on, wearing all

Smiles the smell of foot stuck between the teeth.