PLANS FOR POLICE OPERATIONS The Philippine National Police has six (6) Master

Plans in the conduct of police operations which serve as a ready reference of all PNP
units in the performance of their mandated tasks. It also serves as a guiding tool of the
organization to achieve its vision, mission and goals. These Master Plans help all PNP
uniformed personnel to fully understand and effectively implement the various
operational plans designed to address major threats to criminality, safety and security.

SIX (6) MASTER PLANS

1. SANDIGAN
2. SANDUGO
3. SANGYAMAN
4. SANG-BANAT –
5. SANG-INGAT
6. SAKLOLO

SANDIGAN- PNP's Master Plan for Anti-Criminality

The campaign against crime is a continuing concern. It is a war that the police could not
win alone, and cannot in any real sense fight alone. Police could not change the "root
drivers of crime such as poverty, unemployment, poor housing, moral education,
freedom, civil liberties, ambitions, dysfunctional families and other ills of socio-economic
opportunities. Thus, all aspects of police work should be premised upon active
community consent, trust and participation.

It serves as the Master Plan in which all plans and programs of the PNP shall conform
with and supplement and it prescribes the grand strategy to be undertaken by PNP
Offices and personnel on crime prevention, control and suppression, in the total fight
against all forces of criminality.

(The author as a United Nations Police in Haiti designated as COE Inspector add the
Logistics Officer of India Formed Police Unit (FPU) to comply with the standard
equipment required in the mission as agreed upon in the MOU of UN and India).

OBJECTIVES

1. To reduce index crime

2. To improve response time

3. To improve crime solution efficiency

4. To increase conviction rate

5. To operationalize COPS through the Police Community Precincts for the 24-hour
community security coverage

STRATEGIC CONCEPT

A-Improve the Police Security Service Package

1. Effective law enforcement and crime prevention and suppression

Police Security Containment Ring System (PSCRS) composed of the five major
components, deployment of which depends on their availability and the situation on the
ground.

Police Security Containment Ring System (PSCRS)

a. Innermost Containment Ring- Barangay Tanods, NGOs and other civilian groups
that localized and needed police services to the barangays

b. Inner Containment Ring-Foot Patrol for polis visibility/ detective in civilian attire for
police presence

c. Middle Containment Ring-Bicycle/Motorcycle Mounted Patrol at control points; who

patrol the residential areas and make the loading & unloading areas as standby points

d. Outer Containment Ring - Specialized units like mobile deployed at

chokepoints/checkpoints to prevent the escape of fleeing criminal and react to call for
police assistance

e. Outermost Containment Ring- Specialized units like the SWAT or Anti Terrorists
units and Mobile Groups serve as Security elements at designated areas of strong
points where they can support immediately react to call fro armed support to
beleaguered police personnel on the ground

2. Adoption by police offices/stations of the Crime and Information Management

System which will systematize the recording. Retrieval and analysis of crime data

Another means of effective law enforcement is the adoption by police offices/stations of

Crime and Information Management System. In simple terms, the Regional, Provincial
and City, and Municipal Police Offices will indicate in their local maps the place
and time a crime incident happened. The resulting inputs will constitute the basis
for the deployment or redeployment of police resources to maximize their use for anti-
crime efforts.

3. Deployment of dedicated Police Intelligence and Investigation Teams for

criminal gang/syndicates, terrorists, kidnappers, bank robbers, carnappers in
specific crime prone areas.
The deployment of dedicated intelligence, investigation and manhunt teams is another
means of organizational effectiveness. Teams for specific activities involving Internal
Security/Terrorist Groups, Kidnapping, Robbery, Hijacking and Carnapping are formed
in all police units in varying scale depending on the threat analysis and availability of
personnel. These teams shall conduct legal offensives against members of
syndicated crime groups to force them out of the locality or, better still, to prevent them
in the commission of crimes.

4. Aggressive Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign

Illegal Drug is the country's' number 1 enemy. A high percentage of our populace is
affected by this menace and majority of the heinous crimes committed is drug-related.
It is for this reason that we do not only put to jail drug pushers but also rehabilitate
drug users. The supply and demand reduction strategies should be coupled with a
heightened drug education campaign.

5. Strengthening of the Programs for Public Safety and Internal Security

The government considers the crimes such as killings; kidnappings, extortion and etc,
committed by the insurgent groups as a criminal act not a political act. It is for this
reason that crimes committed by them should be investigated and appropriate cases
filed so that justice is afforded to the victims.

People who feel that they are not safe in their houses, streets and place of work are
predisposed to crime. The police therefore has to lend support.

6. Pursuing the objectives of Gender Awareness Development

This concept will involve the strengthening of Gender and Development thrust of
the PNP in collaboration government organizations, NGOs and women
organizations in the country, as great percentage of crimes committed nowadays,
involve women and children as victims.

B-Strengthen linkages with NGOs, local and international law enforcement

organizations, the AFP, and the Presidential Task Force and Centers as
venues for inter-agency and international cooperation and support

These organizations and agencies are venues effective law enforcement

coordination and support. The maintenance of peace and order is a multi-disciplinary
responsibility and the active linkages with these agencies and offices will redound to
the efforts to eliminate transnational and national crimes in the country, to
include the criminal activities of internal security threat groups and terrorists.

In addition, this linkage would turn very relevant and beneficial during the conduct of
special events, like, the holding of honest, orderly and peaceful elections for both
national and local officials of the government.
C - Enhance the community participation thru the Community Oriented
Policing System (COPS)

Through COPS, there will be voluntary community support and cooperation with
law enforcement/crime prevention and control activities, thus there will be
enhanced police effectiveness and efficiency given the same police resources.

D-Operationalize the Integrated Area/Community Public Safety Plan (IACPSP)

In order to ensure the success of linking up the contribution of the community, the
government and the police in guaranteeing the safety and security of the
communities the existing Integrated Area/Community Public Safety Plan of provincial
and municipal government units shall complement this Anti-Crime Strategy. Close
coordination with respective Peace and Order Councils (POCs), Law
Enforcement Coordinating Committees (LECCs), Regional Development Councils
(RDCs). Disaster Coordinating Councils (DCCs). Drug Watch and Street watch
organizations, shall be maintained.

E-Promote the objectives of an active Criminal Justice System

Being in the frontline in the operationalization of the Criminal Justice System, the
police serves as an effective catalyst in promoting the concepts of justice for crime
victims and of enhancing attainment of the objectives of the Anti- Crime Strategy.

F-Devise an Effective Feedback Mechanism

The continued feedback from all recipients of public safety services received from
the citizens through the Project 117 of the DILG, the "Ugnayans" conducted by the
PNP and other government agencies, and other sources of reports, complaints,
needs, or rejoinders, shall be the basis for improving the delivery of police services
to the citizenry. This feedback mechanism shall serve as the trigger to set off a
series of adjustments and if need be, a realignment of the foregoing strategies to
attain the purpose of maintaining a peaceful and prosperous community.

SANDUGO PNP's Internal Security Operation (ISO) Master Plan

The insurgency problem, whether of the communist or the secessionist type, has
social, economic, political and security dimensions. The security part, as manifested
by armed guerilla activities, is the most visible sign or symptom of the problem. The
security acts only because of the political organization that provides the leadership
and the direction. On the other hand, the dissatisfaction and grievances of the
people resulting from the socio-economic and political conditions in the area provide
the insurgency movement the reason for its being. Thus, insurgency may not be
solved by police/military solution alone (although police/military action is vital and
important part), but by a package of government policies and programs that can
effectively and simultaneously address socio-economic, the political and the military
 aspects of the situation. Accordingly, the whole government machinery and
instrumentalities must strongly and coordinately be made to bear on the problem.

STRATEGIC CONCEPT

PNP shall basically support AFP's ISO Campaign Plan through the conduct of
limited internal security operations sustained law enforcement and PCR activities,
intensive information gathering and the conduct of investigation and prosecution of
ISO related cases

NATIONAL SITUATION

During the Philippine Constabulary/Integrated National Police (PC/INP) era, internal

and external security were tasks relegated to the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP). The PC/INP then, as one of the four major services of the AFP had played an
indispensable role in counter-insurgency until its deactivation in 1991, with the
passage of RA 6975, which resulted in the birth of the PNP. RA 6975 further
placed the PNP as the lead agency in the maintenance of internal security although
it took until 1995, for the PNP to fully assume its primary role in internal security.
However, when RA 8551 was passed into law in 1998, internal security was
once again given to the aegis of the AFP. Moreover, Executive Order No. 110
issued on June 15, 1999 mandated the PNP to support the AFP in ISO for the
suppression of insurgency and other serious threats to national security. The
military and police counter-insurgency campaigns and other complementing
efforts by concerned civil government agencies LGUS and NGOS, may be
classified into three major operations or activities, namely:

COUNTER-INSURGENCY STRATEGY

Specific Objectives

1. To develop the capability of field units to fully operationalize this ISO support plan for
the government and the AFP in particular.

2. To support the AFP in the isolation of the underground infrastructure and front
organizations of the insurgents in the towns and cities from the general population

3. To enhance intelligence activities against threat groups 4. To enhance the conduct of

legal offensive against the insurgents.

5. To support the governments National Peace and Development Plan to include the
Peace and Reconciliation plan.

STRATEGIC CONCEPT
1. The PNP shall basically support the AFP's ISO Campaign Plan "Balangai" through
the conduct of limited internal security operations, sustained law enforcement and PCR
activities, intensive information gathering and the conduct of investigation and
prosecution of ISO related cases.

2. The PNP campaign plan shall also follow the Clear- Hold-Support operational
methodology as herein indicated in support to the integration efforts of the military and
other civilian agencies of the government as envisioned in the NPDP and the strategy of
"Total Approach".

CLEAR Stage - shall involve the conduct of combat, Intelligence and psychological
operations as separate weapons systems to directly lead to the destruction of the
insurgent armed groups.

The end state of this phase is dismantled LCM politico-military infrastructure in the
affected barangays and the decisive defeat of the main enemy armed groups in the
targeted guerilla fronts.

The PNP will support the AFP who is primarily responsible for the Clear Stage.

HOLD Stage- shall involve the utilization of the territorial defense forces to limit the
freedom of action and movement of the CPP/NPA, limit its access to resources and
reduce mass base support to the CPP/NPA/NDF. This phase shall have the following
end state. Integrated Area/Community Public Safety Plan (IA/CPSP) is organized and
established, in order to protect the people, defend communities and secure vital assets
and installations. The PNP will be primarily responsible for the Hold Stage in areas
which are turned over to PNP or where there are no AFP units assigned. However other
areas especially in those areas where AFP units present or where AFP supervises
CAFGU then the IACP is responsible.

SUPPORT Stage- is a "work in progress: It shall involve police support to

consolidation and development activities other agencies of government. The PNP
within its capability shall play a supportive role in these activities, including not limited to
the conduct of medical and dental civic action adult literacy programs and providing
security in support and in coordination with AFP to civil government agencies in their
delivery of basic services in far-flung and strife-torn area

CONSOLIDATION Stage- aims to strengthen government control and authority in

contested barangays and develop the capability of local officials to effectively govern
their barangay

This stage has the following end-state;

1) Government authority and control in contested areas reestablished or strengthened.

2) Government services delivered,

3) Counter-organizations consolidated, and further expanded

4) Mass support for the government is enhanced.

Development Stage has the following for its end state:

1) Root causes of insurgency effectively addressed, and 2) Political and socio-economic

reforms planned at the beginning of the campaign are sustained.

The PNP through the PROS, PPOs/CPOS and MPS shall undertake the following
specific activities during the Clearing and Holding Phases of the operational
methodology using the QUAD concept. (Operations, Intelligence, Police Community
Relations and Legal Offensive Activities Investigation)

1. Operations

a) Conduct of population and resource control/denial measures depending upon the

prevailing situation and legal consideration, such as but not limited to the establishment
of checkpoints, and roadblock; employment of overt and covert population surveillance;
screening and controlling of displaced persons in the affected areas.

b) Deployment of police visibility patrols in rear areas to prevent the entry/incursion of

the enemy in threatened/ conflict areas.

c) Conduct of limited police operations such as ambush, raid, clearing and other similar
operations depending upon the capability and limitation of forces and threat situation on
the ground.

d) Implementation of the crime prevention and suppression programs provided for in

LOI Sandigan - Milenyo.

e) Intensification of the preventive and pro-active measures

f) Provision of appropriate security measures to government vital installations/facilities,

defense of communities and protection of the people from insurgent terroristic actions

g) Conduct holding operations in areas cleared by the AFP forces to protect the
community from possible enemy depredations and terroristic activities, with the support
of CAFGUS, CVOS, and the local government units upon request of, or in coordination
with local AFP.

h) Operationalization of the Integrated Area /Community Public Safety Plan (IA/SPSP)

through close coordination with the Local Government Units, Local Peace and Order
Councils, Law Enforcement and Disaster Coordinating Councils, in order that it shall
appropriate serve as the unified and integrated direction of the local public safety
programs and create an active shield against the problems associated with internal
security

i. Strengthen the various programs for public safety and internal security

2. Intelligence Operations

a) Conduct intensive and sustained intelligence gathering to identify threat groups and
monitor their movements plans/activities etc.

b) Conduct of special projects and case operations to neutralize or negate insurgent

leadership, logistics funds int support, plans and terroristic activities, safe houses and
other support facilities.

c) Intensity counter intelligence operations to detect and neutralize enemy infiltration,

sabotage and subversion in coordination with the intelligence units of the AFP and other
law enforcement agencies.

d) Enhance the mobilization and utilization of the Barangay Information Nets (BINS)

3. Police Community

a) Conduct public information campaign that would reduce the influence of the
insurgent on the populace through the tri-media.

b) Implement measures to gain, preserve and strengthen civilian support for the
programs of the government in counter-insurgency.

c) Support the comprehensive, integrated and holistic peace process of the Government
pursuant to Executive Order No. 3

d) Maintain a databank of issues against the insurgents and develop positive issues for
the PNP and AFP for media exploitation.

e. Conduct civic action, Information drives, dialogues, livelihood projects, civil

assistance and development, and other allied PCR activities designed to win back the
enemy mass base.

4. Legal Offensive Activities (Investigation)

a) Provide efficient and well-coordinated Investigation documentation and prosecution

of all ISO related cases, in coordination with the DND/AFP, DOJ and the Commission
on Human Rights.

b) Sustain the filing of ISO related cases and follow-up the prosecution of cases in court
against the insurgents.
(The author was briefed by the Logistics Officer of Brazil Engineering Company and
other officers on their capability as an Engineering Coy in the United Nations Mission
stationed in Haiti, December 2009.)

Definition of Terms

1. Armed Conflict- refers to any conflict between government forces and organized
groups which involves the actual use of armed force and which disrupts normal social,
economic, political and cultural activities in a specific geographical area

[Link] of Gravity - Are the "source of strength balance; that characteristic,

capability or locality from wherein the enemy derives its freedom of action a physical
strength or the will to fight. It is the hub of all power and movement. Its attack should be
the focus of all operations Centers of gravity can change a major shift in operational
direction, the replacement of a key enemy commander, the fielding of new units’
weaponry can significantly shift centers of gravity

3. Combat Operations - These shall mean offensive and defensive operations such as
attack, counter attack bombing, artillery barrage and other tactical actions involving the
use of bigger, tactical forces bigger caliber weapons, better armored vehicles and both
air and naval weapons systems.

4. Community-Oriented Policing System (COPS) integrated approach to the

community's public safety concern which is based on the notion that the police can
provide better services to the community through the development of an effective
partnership between and among them. Such partnership must be based on trust and
goodwill in order to facilitate voluntary community support and cooperation to law
enforcement crime prevention and control activities, thus enhance police effectiveness
and efficiency, given the same police resource.

5. Counter Insurgency - These are the economic socio-cultural, political reforms and
development including the military and police actions undertaken by the Government in
order to defeat insurgency

6. Counter Intelligence An aspect of intelligence devoted to offensive actions to

destroy or neutralize the effectiveness of adverse intelligence activities and to undertake
defensive actions to protect information against espionage, individuals against
subversion any installations or material against sabotage.

7. Government Forces-refers to the Armed Forces the Philippines, the Philippine

National Police and other armed groups supporting the government forces.

8. Information - Refers to unevaluated material of every description including those

derived from observations, communications, reports, rumors, imagery and other
sources from which intelligence is produced.
9. Information Gathering - It is an activity aimed at identifying the composition,
organization and leadership, disposition, training, strategy and tactics, logistics, combat
effectiveness, plans and other related information about the insurgents and other threat
groups. It also includes the acquisition of other related information/data that indirectly or
directly relate to insurgency and other serious threats to national security such as: data
on criminal elements/groups that can be exploited by or can sympathize with insurgents;
results of security survey and personnel security investigation; case build-up as part of
legal offensive; analysis/ assessment of recovered subversive documents; and, data
about the terrain, weather and the people in certain areas.

10. Insurgency- a condition of subversive political activity, civil rebellion, revolt or

insurrection against a duly constituted government or occupying power, where irregular
forces are formed and engaged in actions, which may include guerilla warfare, that are
designed to defy, weaken and/or overthrow the government and occupying power.

11. Integrated Area / Community Public Safety Plan (IA/CPSP)- is the blue print for
the protection of lives and properties in a given locality. It is focused on total
mobilization of all available resources and the simultaneous conduct of complementary
programs involving the civilian, police and military components of the society. It has ten
(10) areas of concern namely: crime prevention, law-enforcement, prosecution,
corrections, fire prevention and suppression, counter- insurgency, environmental
protection, health and sanitation, civil defense and community development

12. Integrated Territorial Defense System (ITDS)- is a strategy of integrating the

efforts of mobile, forces territorial forces (AFP designated territorial forces, CAA
companies PNP and local defense organization; local government local sectoral
organizations (NGOs, Pos) and the local populace into an effective defense and
security system that will secure and insulate the locality from enemy influence incursion
of re-entry

13. Intelligence- A meaningful statement or a product derived from information which

has been selected recorded evaluated, analyzed, integrated and interpreted so that its
immediate mandate or potential significance to the development and execution of plans,
policies and operation is made clear

14. Internal Security- refers to the wide range of measures taken by the government to
free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness and insurgency. It is
established and maintained primarily to create an atmosphere of relative peace and
order under which national development could be achieved.

15. Internal Security Operations -activities designed to preserve internal security

against insurgents. secessionists and terrorists. Among others, it includes territorial
defense operations, intelligence, combat, military and police civil relations and
psychological operations 16. 16. Investigation - The process whereby the facts of the
Commission of an offense, identity of the person/s responsible and the place of
commission of the offense, are known through examination of the crime scene,
interview, or questioning of the witnesses, the complainants or suspects, and other
pieces of evidence presented.

17. National Development - refers to those actions taken by the government to foster
strengthen its responsiveness and capabilities to meet the needs of the society, and to
promote the growth of a viable political, economic and social institution that will ensure
freedom from conditions bearing potentials for internal conflict.

18. National Security - refers to the state or condition wherein the people's way of life
and attitudes, their Institutions, territorial integrity and sovereignty. including their well-
being, are protected, and enhanced. It is synonymous with the protection of the political,
economic, psycho-social, military, geo-ecological and techno-scientific environment of
the nation.

19. Operational Control (OPCON) Those functions of command involving composition

of subordinate forces, the assignment of tasks, the designation of objectives and the
authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control should
be exercised by the use of the assigned normal organizational units through their
respective commanders or through the commanders of subordinate forces established
by the commander exercising operational control. It does not include such matters as
administration, discipline, internal organization and unit training except when a
subordinate commander requests assistance.

20. Order of Battle- is a document which reflects enemy composition, disposition,

strength, tactics, logistics, training, combat effectiveness, miscellaneous data and
personalities.

21. Police Functions - These are the regular, customary or normal duties and activities
of the police in the performance of its mandate, as enumerated in Section 24 of RA
6975 (DILG/PNP Law of 1990), as amended by RA 8551.

22. Primary/Lead Role- As used herein, shall mean providing the principal planning,
direction, control and resources for internal security operations. This shall also include
the responsibility for preparing internal security assessment and other related
documents and reports unless specified by law or directed by competent authority, as
well as the establishment and administration of an appropriate Rewards System

23. Support for Combat Operations - Assisting the agency in internal security
operations with personnel and material resources within the capability of the PNP

24. Threats to National Security- these are dangers to the components of National
Security that could come from within or from without the nation state. They may be
political, economic, military, psycho-social, techno scientific and geo-ecological in
nature including but not limited to organized/syndicated crimes, terrorism rebellion, coup
d’état and insurgency.
SANGYAMAN-- PNP's Master Plan to Help Protect and Preserve Our Environment,
Cultural Properties and Natural Resources

This master plan prescribes the guidelines to be followed by tasked PNP Units/Offices
in assisting lead government agencies in the enforcement of laws over Philippine
territorial waters, lakes, rivers, mountain ranges forest, to include laws and ordinances
that have been set forth to preserve, protect and enhance our environment and natural
resources, in close coordination with the Department of the Environment and Natural
Resources, Department of Agriculture, National Museum and other tasked government
agencies and non-government organizations.

The Philippines is one of the countries in the world blessed with significantly rich natural
resources. In fact, almost all kinds of minerals, metals, precious stones, animal species
plants, and trees can be found in this very unique archipelago. However, Filipinos and
foreigners alike have exploited these resources, and even worse, to the extent of over
exploiting and destroying it. The most affected are our marine, aquatic and forest
resources. The continuing degradation of our remaining natural resources has reached
critical proportion due to illegal destructive methods for business or personal motives
Further contributing to the deterioration of our environment is the exacerbating pollution
emanating from vehicles brought about by the rapid urban growth and industrialization.

STRATEGIC CONCEPT

1. Operationalization Integrated Area/Community Public Safety Plan

One of the areas of concern embodied in the Integrated Area/Community Public
Safety is the protection of the environment and natural resources. As part of the
strategic concept, the INTEGRATED AREA COMMUNITY PUBLIC SAFETY PLAN
(IA/CPSP) is the blue print for the of lives and properties in a given locality and its
concept requires the total mobilization of all available resources and the
simultaneous conduct of complementary programs that will involve the civilian,
police and military components of society.
(The author appreciated the project of the Commander of Pakistan Formed Police
Unit stationed in Gonaives, Haiti for a tree planting around their camp after the
hurricane hit the area which killed a thousand of people and damaged the
environment March 2009)

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Aquaculture- fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish
and other fishery species in fresh, brackish, marine areas.
2. Air Pollutant- means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen,
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural normal
concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but
not limited smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles any kind, gases,
fumes, chemical mists, steam are radio-active substances.
3. Air Pollution- means any alteration of the physic chemical and biological
properties of the atmosphere air, any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or
sole substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the
country harmful, detriment or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which
will adversely affect their utilization for domestic commercial, industrial, agricultural,
recreational, or other legitimate purposes.
4. Aquatic Pollution the introduction by human or machine, directly or indirectly of
substances or energy to the aquatic environment which result or is likely to result in
such deleterious effects as to harm living and non-living aquatic resources, pose
potential and/or real hazard to human health, hindrance to aquatic activities such as
fishing and navigation, including dumping disposal of waste and other marine litters,
discharge of petroleum or residual products of petroleum or carbonaceous
materials/substances radioactive, noxious or harmful liquid, gaseous or solid and
substances, from any water, land or air transport or other human made structure.
Deforestation, unsound agricultural practices such as the use of banned chemicals
and excessive use of chemicals, intensive use of artificial fish feed and wetland
conversion, which cause similar hazards and deleterious effects shall also
constitute aquatic pollution.
5. Aquatic Resources- includes fish, all other aquatic flora and fauna and other
living resources of the aquatic environment, including but not limited to see corals
6. Antiques- are cultural properties found locally which one hundred years or more
of age or even less, but their production having ceased, they have, therefore,
become or are becoming rare.
7. Artifacts - are articles which are products of human skills or workmanship,
especially in the simple product of primitive arts or industry representing past eras
or periods.
8. Artificial Reefs - any structure of natural or man-made materials placed on a
body of water to serve as shelter and habitat, source of food, breeding areas for
fishery species, and shoreline protection.
9. Catch Ceilings - refers to the annual catch limits allowed to be taken, gathered
or harvested from any fishing area in consideration of the need to prevent over
fishing and harmful depletion of breeding stocks of aquatic organisms.
10. Chemical Substance- means any organic or inorganic substance of a
particular molecular identity including any combination of such substances
occurring in whole or in part as a result of chemical reaction or occurring in nature.
11. Closed Season the period during which the taking of the specified fishery
species by a specified fishing gear is prohibited in a specified area or areas in
Philippine waters.
12. Commercial Fishing - the taking of fishery species by passive or active gear
for trade business or profit beyond subsistence or sports fishing.
13. Coral Reef - a natural aggregation of coral skeleton with or without living coral
polyps, occurring in intertidal and sub-tidal marine waters.
14. Cultural Properties - are old buildings, monuments, shrines, documents, and
objects which may be classified as antiques, relics, or artifacts, landmarks,
anthropological and historical sites, and specimens of natural history which are of
cultural, historical, anthropological, archaeological or scientific value and
significance to the nation historical objects and manuscripts; household and
agricultural implements decorative articles or personal adornment; works of an such
as paintings, sculptures, carvings, jewelry, music architecture, sketches, drawings,
or illustrations in pan or in whole; works of industrial and commercial an such
furniture, pottery, ceramics, wrought iron, gold bronze, silver, wood, or other
heraldic items, metals coins, medals, badges, insignias, coat of arms, crest flags,
arms and armor, vehicles or ships or boats part or in whole."
15. Ecosystem- means the ecological community considered together with non-
living factors and its environment as a unit.
16. Electro fishing the use of electricity generated by batteries, electric generators
and other source of electric power to kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious
fishery species, whether or not the same are subsequently recovered.
17. Endangered, Rare, and/or Threatened Species aquatic plants, animals
including some varieties of corals and sea shells in danger of extinction as provided
for in existing fishery laws, rules and regulations.
18. Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) is the document issued by the
government agency concerned certifying that the project under consideration will
not bring about an unacceptable environmental impact and that the proponent has
complied with the requirements of the environmental impact statement system.
19. Greenhouse Gases - means those gases that can potentially or can
reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which includes carbon dioxide.
methane, oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons, and the like.
20. Fishery/Aquatic Products include not only fin fish but also mollusk,
crustaceans, echinoderms, marine mammals and all other species of aquatic flora
and fauna and other products of aquatic living resources any form.
21. Fishing with Explosives - the use of the dynamite, other explosives or other
chemical compounds that contains combustible elements or ingredients which upon
ignition by friction, concussion, percussion, or detonation of all or parts of the
compound will kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious any fishery species. It
also refers to the use of any other substance and/or device which causes an
explosion that is capable of producing the said harmful effects on any fishery
species and aquatic resources and capable of damaging and altering the natural
habitat.
22. Fishing with Noxious or poisonous Substances the use of any substance,
plant extracts or juice thereof, sodium cyanide and/or cyanide compounds or other
chemicals either in raw or processed form, harmful or harmless to human beings,
which will kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious any fishery species and
aquatic resources and capable of damaging and altering the natural habitat.
23. Forest Products - means timber, pulpwood, firewood, bark, tree top, resin,
gum, wood, oil, honey, beeswax, nipa, rattan, or other forest growth such as grass,
shrub, and flowering plant, the associated water, fish, game, scenic, historical,
recreational, and geological resources in forest lands.
24. Hazardous Waste - are hereby defined as substances that are without any
safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage and are shipped,
transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or in
transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.
25. Historical Site - is any place, province, city, town, and/ or location and
structure which has played a significant and important role in the history of our
country and nation. Such significance and importance may be cultural, political,
sociological or historical.
26. Infectious Waste - means that portion of medica waste that could transmit an
infectious disease.
27. Kaingin refers to the shifting and/or permanent slash-and-burn cultivation of
forest land having little or no provision to prevent soil erosion.
28. Lake an inland body of water, an expanded pr of a river, a reservoir formed by
a dam or lake basin intermittently or formerly covered by water.
29. Minerals refers to all naturally occurring inorganic substances in solid, gas,
liquid or any intermediate state excluding energy materials such as coal, petroleum
natural gas, radioactive materials, and geothermal energy.
30. Muro-Ami- fishing method that requires diving and other physical or
mechanical acts to pound the coral reefs and other habitat to entrap, gather or
catch fish and other fishery species.
31. National Cultural Treasure - is a unique object found locally, possessing
outstanding historical, cultural, artistic and/or scientific value which is significant and
important to this country and nation.
32. National Museum - referred to as the Museum, shall be the agency of the
government which shall implement the provision of this act.
33. National Park - refers to a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness
character which has been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of
exploitation except with in conformity with approved management plan and set
aside as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural
and historic objects, wild animals and plants therein and to provide enjoyment of
these features in such areas.
34. Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) an
agency, institution, foundation or a group of persons whose purpose is to assist
people associations in various ways including but not limited to organizing,
education, training, research, and/or resource accessing.
35. Nuclear Wastes - are hazardous wastes made radioactive by exposure to the
radiation incidental to the production or utilization of nuclear fuels but does not
include nuclear fuel, or radioisotopes which have reached the final stage of
fabrication so as to be usable for any scientific, medical, agricultural, commercial or
industrial purpose.
36. People's Organization - a bonafide association of citizens with demonstrated
capacity to promote the public interest and with identifiable leadership. membership
and structure, its members belong to a sector/s voluntarily band themselves for
their own upliftment development and greater good.
37. Philippine Waters - include all bodies of water within the Philippine territory
such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, brooks, ponds, swamps, lagoons, gulfs,
bays and seas and other bodies of water now existing in the provinces, cities,
municipalities and barangays and the waters around between and connecting the
islands of the archipelago regardless of their breadth and dimensions, the territorial
sea, the sea beds, the insular shelves, and all other waters over which the
Philippines has sovereignty and jurisdiction including the 200-nautical miles
Exclusive Economic Zone and the continental shelf.
 38. Premium Hardwood refers to narra, molave, dao, kamagong, ipil, acacia, akle
apawit, banuyo, batkuling. hetis, bolangeta, taek, tindalo, and manggis
39. Private Lands - refers to lands covered by either administrative or judicial title
or FREE PATENT, HOMESTED and SALES PATENT and TORRENS TITLE
obtained under the Land Registration Act (Act No. 496, as amended). Realty Tax
Declaration is not acceptable proof of ownership (DENR Administrative Order No.
121, Series of 1989), also includes titled lands and alienable and disposable lands
with approved applications for homestead, free and emancipation patents
40. Protected Area - refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by
reason of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance
biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation.
41. Quarrying - a process of extracting materials such as marble, basalt, andesite,
conglomerate, tuff, adobe granite, gabbro, serpentine, inset filling materials, clay for
ceramic tiles and building bricks, pumice, perlite and other similar materials from
the ground. Also, the process of extracting, removing and disposing quarry
resources found on or underneath the surface of private or public lands.
42. Relics - are cultural properties which, either as a whole or in fragments, are left
behind after the destruction or decay of the rest of its parts and which are intimately
associated with important beliefs, practices, custom and traditions, periods and
personages,
43. Selective Logging- is the systematic removal of the mature, over mature and
defective trees in such manner as to leave adequate number and volume of healthy
residual trees of the desired species necessary to assure a future crop of timber,
and forest cover for the protection and conservation of soil, and water.
44. Special Private Land Timber Permit (SPLTP)-issued to land owners
themselves by the Secretary of DENR to cut, gather, collect, or remove narra and
other premium hardwood species found in their private land (DENR Memo Circular
No.22 Series of 1990).
45. Timber License Agreement (TLA) - These permits were issued by the DENR,
pursuant to P.D. 705 and the old constitution and continue to be in full force and
effect until their expiry dates subject to the same term and conditions as originally
granted and approved unless Congress may provide otherwise (Sec 3, Executive
Order No. 278, Series of 1987).
46. Timber Sharing Agreement (TPSA) - All licenses Issued by the DENR to
utilize timber resources from forest areas, in lieu of TLA, in compliance with Sec
2 Article XII of the New Constitution as implemented under E.O. 278, series of
1987 (DENR Administrative Order No. 78. Series of 1990).

FIVE (5) IMMEDIATE CONCERNS THAT SHOULD BE ADDRESSED FOR THE

PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, CULTURAL PROPERTIES AND
NATURAL RESOURCES

1. Protection of Forest

2. Protection of Fisheries, Marine Life, and Aquatic Resources

3. Ensuring Clean and Safe Land, Air and Water

4. Preservation of Endangered Species and other Wild Life

5. Protection of Cultural Properties

FOREST PROTECTION

1. Statistics from the Bureau of Forest Development (BFD) maintains that 11.1
million hectares of forest land are still covered with timber, satellite data and
surveys conducted by other quarters reveal a considerably smaller figure.
According to the Forestry Development Center of the University of the
Philippines, the remaining living forests may only cover an area of between 1.9
million and 2.4 million hectares. Similarly, the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization (UN- FAO) predicted that the country may lose all its
forests within 15 years if the continued destruction is not averted.

Because deforestation's manifold effects on the Philippines' ecological balance is

already being strongly felt. particularly in the rural areas, the DENR admits that
available resources are not enough for conservation and reforestation programs
which require tremendous funding to achieve goals.

2. PROTECTION OF FISHERIES, MARINE LIFE AQUATIC RESOURCES

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) claims its inability to
stop illegal fishing and harvesting of coral has been hampered by lack of finance.
The lack of public awareness and cooperation in matters dealing with
conservation is another stumbling block in efforts to save the country's dwindling
natural resources.
Blast fishing and muro-ami operations have turned seabeds into killing fields, as
shown here in the Philippine In a recent convention on Conservation in the
Pacific and Southeast Asia, convenors appeal for the protection of the reefs.
Coral reefs are considered one of the most productive ecosystems. Their direct
relationship with fish production t long been established: a healthy reef supports
more fish. And in a country like the Philippines, where a great percentage of the
population depends on fishing as a means of livelihood the importance of coral
reefs, cannot be underrated.
Already, fishermen have expressed concern over the dwindling fish harvests.
Yet, ironically, illegal methods of fishing used by fishermen themselves have
been responsible for some of the damage. They have used dynamite, chemicals
like sodium cyanide, bamboo poles and boulders to either stun or scare the fish
toward their nets. In the process, they have destroyed the coral around which the
fish hover
3. ENSURING CLEAN AND SAFE LAND, AIR AND WATER

The continuous alteration of the physical, chemical nuclear and biological properties
of any water, air and/or land resources of the Philippines, or any discharge of any
 liquid gaseous or solid wastes at will has created and rendered harmful, detrimental
or injurious effects to public health or welfare, and further adversely affect their
utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational or other
legitimate purposes.

As progress was slowly felt, the attitude and mode of living of the people changed.
Those who lived near the river considered the river as an ideal dumping place for their
increasing garbage and other refuse. In addition, people from other nearby towns, who
did not have much regard for the river settled nearby and ventured into piggery and
poultry raising. They then turned the pristine river into an instant sewer. Similarly,
greedy businessmen thought the river was a quarry and hauled tons of rocks, gravel,
and sand.

4. PRESERVATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES AND OTHER WILD LIFE

The profound impact of man's activities on all components of the natural
environment particularly the effect of increasing population, resource exploitation,
industrial advancement and man's ignorance have caused severe lost to our
animal and plant resources. Recent assessment on the quantity of the varieties
of terrestrial, wetland and marine species of both flora and fauna revealed a very
disturbing figure. Eighty nine percent (89%) of the 558 species of birds
nationwide are recognized as threatened species, likewise 44% threatened
species of mammals and 8 species of endangered reptiles. Similarly, plants in
the vast forest areas in the country are continuously experiencing destruction.
The depletion of wildlife resources is attributed to the following causes, both
direct and indirect: Habitat destruction; Hunting, Poaching: Growing human
population and inappropriate practices; Lack of knowledge on the value of
wildlife; Natural calamities and Introduction of exotic species.
To this end, recognizing the critical importance of protecting and maintaining the
natural biological and physical diversities of the environment notably on areas
with biologically unique features to sustain human life and development should
be invoked to the people.
5. PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES
The Philippines has a unique and rich cultural heritage. Evidences of this in the
form of ancient churches, ancestral homes, natural and man-made sceneries,
and treasures contained within them are spread out throughout the islands
However, due to a lack of awareness and attention, many of these God-made
and man-made structures have fallen into disrepair. Because people have not
been properly educated many historical landmarks are exploited and art pieces
are disposed of rather indiscriminately Today, the Philippines is experiencing a
spiritual and cultural renaissance. As we look to the promise of the future and
strive to make a mark globally, it is important that we take stock and become
aware of who we are as a people. Art and culture is integral to the celebration
and renewal of the spirit. Writings, artworks, relics, and structural landmarks are
tangible evidence of our country’s past and of the way we live. They are the
fingerprints of our nation's character
SANGBANAT -PNP's Master Plan for the Camps Against Illegal Drugs
This master plan sets forth the concept of operation operational guidelines and
tasks of all PNP units/offices in the total fight against illegal drugs,
integrating/orchestrating the activities of all concerned National Government
Agencies (NGAs) in the conduct of anti-illegal drug campaign at the national
down to barangay levels.
NATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1. To reduce to zero or at least minimize the profits derived from illicit drug
activities thru Supply Reduction and Demand Reduction, in order to fulfill the
Freedom from fear for our people
2. To address and eradicate or alleviate the Breeding Grounds/risk factors in the
environment/social milieu that abet/exacerbate the drug problem in order to fulfill
the Freedom from Want for our people and thereby preempt them from
committing or becoming victims of drug-related crimes, and
3. To motivationally enlighten, empower and mobilize the people to participate in
and support the Criminal Justice System and Government machinery in attaining
the two aforementioned objectives so that Participatory Democracy shall be
institutionalized in our society
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. Supply Reduction - Arrest of drug personalities and seizure of illegal drugs
through intensified police operations
2. Demand Reduction - Implementation of preventive education and public
information campaign to increase awareness of the ill effects of prohibited drugs,
it also includes treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents
3. Inter-Agency Cooperation - Promote anti-drug related activities among
tasked government agencies in close coordination with NDLEPCC, being
mandated to orchestrate and consolidate the drug enforcement and prevention
efforts of National Government Agencies. Local Government Units and Non-
Government Organizations.
4. Community Participation - undertaking the three (3) Core Components of
Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) as follows:
1. Full-Service Policing (FSP)
2. Problem Solving (PS)
3. Community Partnership (CP)
5. International Cooperation- to run after the transnational drugs syndicates;
and plug/minimize the drug traffic to and from the Philippine Exchange of
Information and relevant technologies that could be used in the Anti- Drugs
Campaign could also be accessed through this pillar
The drug menace has grown to alarming proportion in spite of prevention and
suppression efforts by the PNP and other tasked government agencies to
combat it. Day by day we are shocked by crimes committed by those high on
illegal drugs. Narcotics makes possible the worst and most heinous crimes in
society. It distorts reason, wreck values, and make monster of men. The number
one drug choice in the country is Methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu,
followed closely by Marijuana due to its relatively low price and availability
ECSTACY or MDMA is now being introduced in the market particularly in
 nightclubs and discos. Shabu finds its origin from China and its entry into the
country is facilitated by foreign and domestic-based syndicates using Hongkong
and Taiwan as the staging points Smuggling activities are perpetrated via ocean-
going vessels from where multi-kilos of shabu are transferred ship-side to smaller
sea crafts which then unload the illegal drug to our shores. Interdiction records
reveals that human couriers are being utilized for both inbound and outbound
shipments. Mails and parcels are very popular for outbound shipments of small
quantities of drugs. On the other hand, marijuana producing areas in the country
are located in Northern Luzon and in Central Visayas,
Diagnosis of the Drug Menace
The motive of the drug lords, traffickers, pushers and their cohorts in the illegal
trade is profit. Today, even a simple and ordinary person have entered into the
drug trade simply because of its extensive return. The present economic crises
forced street level pushers to the retailing of prohibited drugs as a means/source
of livelihood. While on the other hand, many abusers use dangerous drugs as a
vehicle to escape the realities/ vagaries of poverty and its concomitant problems.
Relatedly, lack of knowledge/information, loss of family values and other aspects
of prohibited drugs caused many others to fall into the trap.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

1. Administer - refers to the act of introducing any dangerous drugs into the
body of any person, with or without his knowledge by injection, ingestion, or other
means of committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person in
administering a dangerous drug to himself,

2. Centers - refers to any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug
dependents;

3. Cultivate - means the act of knowingly planting. growing, raising or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant which is a source of prohibited drugs: 4.
Dangerous Drugs - refers to either.

Prohibited Drug - which includes opium and its active components and derivatives,
such as heroin and morphine, coca leaf and its derivatives, principally cocaine, alpha
and beta cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs, such as mescaline, lysergic acid
diethylamide and other substances producing similar effects, Indian hemp and its
derivatives, all preparations made from any of the foregoing, and other drugs and
chemical preparations, whether natural or synthetic, with the physiological effects of a
narcotic or hallucinogenic;

Regulated Drugs- which includes self-inducing - sedatives, such as secobarbital,

pentobarbital, barbital, amobarbital and any other drug which contains a salt of a
derivatives of a salt of barbituric acid, any salt, isomer or salt of an isomer, of
amphetamine, such as Benzedrine or dexidrine, or any drug which produces a
physiological action similar to amphetamine, and hypnotic drugs, such as
methaqualone, nitrazepam or any other compound producing similar physiological
effects:

5. Deliver- refers to a person's act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another

personally or otherwise; and by any means, with or without consideration;

6. Drug Dependence - means or state of psychic or physical dependence, or both, on

a dangerous drug, arising in a person following administration or use of that drug on a
periodic or continuous basis;

7. Indian Hemp- otherwise known as 'marijuana embraces every kind, class, genus or
specie of the plant cannabis sativa L, including cannabis americana hashish, bhang,
guaza, churrus, and ganjab, and embraces every kind, class, and character there
whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering a fruiting top or any parts or portion of
the plant, seed thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as a reefer, resin,
extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever

8. Manufacture - means the production, preparation compounding or processing of a

dangerous drug either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural
origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, and shall include any
packaging or repackaging of such substance or labeling, or relabelling of its container,
except that such terms do not include the preparation, compounding packaging, or
labeling of a drug or other substance by duly authorized practitioner as an incident to his
administration or dispensing of such drug or substance In the course of his professional
practice:

9. Narcotic Drug- refers to any drug which produces insensibility, stupor, melancholy
or dullness of mind with delusions and which may be habit-forming, and shall include
opium, opium derivatives and synthetic opiates 10. Opium - refers to the coagulated
juice of the opium poppy and embraces every kind, character and class of opium,
whether crude, or prepared the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparation
thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient, opium
poppy, opium seeds, opium poppy straw, and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves.
whether prepared for use or not;

11. Pusher - refers to any person who sells, administers, delivers, or gives away to
another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit of transports any
dangerous drug or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions,

12. Sell-means the act of giving a dangerous drug, whether for money, or any other
material consideration;

13. Use- refers to the act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, or of consuming,

either by chewing. smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking, or otherwise
introducing into the physiological system of the body, any of the dangerous drugs;
14 Opium Poppy- means any part of the plant of the species papaver somniferum L,
including the seeds there of

SANG-INGAT-PNP's Master Plan on Security Preparations

This Master Plan sets forth the strategic concepts and operational guidelines, as well as
contingency plan to ensure the maintenance of peace and order during the year- round
observance of holidays, which involves great concern on movement of the citizens,
international, national and local meeting/conferences/events, and rallies/mass action in
protest to wide range of issues. (Author was escorted by the Continent Commander of
Pakistan Formed Police Unit (FPU2) and other officers of the unit while conducting an
inspection in this conflict area at Gonaives, Haiti to ensure her safety in the place)

Specific Objectives

In the conduct of providing security for various events the PNP thru its Police
Regional/Provincial Police Offices PROs/ PPOs) and National Support Units (NSUs)
shall undertake the following

1. To catalyze all PNP units to enhance coordination cooperation with government units
and private sect in their respective areas of jurisdiction, to be come up with measures to
preempt the occurrence crimes that can adversely affect the safety and se of individuals
and vital installations,

2. To enhance the level of awareness and prepared of PNP personnel in providing

security to individua and vital installations, and in dealing mass actions

3. To enhance the units' capability to identify and neutralize threat groups, and

4. To determine and rectify PNP vulnerabilities which may be exploited by the threat
groups.

SITUATION

The security situation is one of the factors that greatly affect the economic conditions of
the country.

The Philippine National Police, being the forefront of maintaining peace and order and
public safety, undertakes security measures towards the attainment of a safe place to
live, work, invest and do business in

Wide range of issues which tend to beset/affect the lives of the populace are being
capitalized by cause oriented groups/various threat groups, to coerce moderate
organization/s to join in staging mass actions, such as rallies demonstration, strike, etc.
to project their positions and demands

The situation can likely be taken advantage of by the dissidents/terrorists to create an

atmosphere of chaos and destabilization. Hence, the need to integrate PNP efforts with
the national and local government units to be able to come up with a program of action
that is well-coordinated, unified and responsive to the situation at hand to preempt,
prevent and/or suppress destabilization and/or terroristic acts.

STRATEGIC CONCEPTS:

a. The Police Security Containment Ring System (PSCRS). The deployment of which
depend on their availability and the situation on the ground:
a.1 Innermost Containment Ring, - composed of barangay tanods, CVOS,
NGOs, radio groups;
a.2 The Inner Containment Ring, - composed of the foot-patrol elements in
uniform for police visibility while the detective patrol component is in "civilian" attire
for police presence;
a.3 The Middle Containment Ring, which is composed of bicycle or motorcycle-
mounted patrols at control points:
a4. The Outer Containment Ring, composed of designated specialized units like
the mobile patrols, deployed at chokepoints; and
a.5 The Outermost Containment Ring, where the special police units (like SWAT or
anti-terrorist units) and the mobile groups shall serve as security elements at areas
designated as strong points, where they can immediately react to call for armed
support.
b. The Operationalization of an Integrated Area/ Community Public Safety
Plan (IA/CPSP)
Through the coordination with the local Peace and Order Councils, Law
Enforcement Coordinating Councils and Disaster Coordinating Council, the
formulated and developed IA/CPSPS of local government units are rationalized in
order that it shall appropriately serve as the unified and integrated direction of the
local public safety programs and create an active shield against the problems
associated with internal security.
c. The Community Involvement thru the Community Oriented Policing Systems
(COPS)

The function of the community in nation building is not only crucial, it is absolutely
imperative. Efficient and effective delivery of police services can only attained through
the development of a responsive partnership, based on trust and goodwill, between
community and the police. The interaction among community players, which result in a
partnership for peaceful community is called COPS.

d. Effective Feedback Mechanism

The continued feedback from all recipients of public safety services received from
the citizens through the Project 117 of the DILG, the "Ugnayans conducted by the
PNP and other government agencies and other sources of reports, complaints,
needs, or rejoinders, shall be the basis for improving the delivery of police services
to the citizenry. This feedback mechanism shall serve as the trigger to set off a
series of adjustments and if needed be, a realignment of the foregoing strategies to
attain the purpose of maintaining a peaceful and prosperous community.

OPERATIONAL CONCEPT
The following policies in various special events shall serve be observed:
a. During Elections/Plebiscite -The PNP, as deputized by the Commission on
Elections, shall ensure the smooth implementation and maximum effectiveness of
the security operations and delivery of public safety services during the given
period for the electoral process. All PNP personnel shall remain apolitical and shall
undertake necessary actions to pre-empt the Occurrence of election-related
violence and provide contingency plans to address untoward incidents during the
entire election process.
b. During Holidays - The PNP, in coordination with DOTC and jointly with the
LGUS, NGOs, CVOS, established a Public Assistance Centers to ensure a
secured, safe, and orderly movement of the motorists/commuters during the year-
round observance of holidays. Ensure the smooth flow of traffic and conduct
preemptive! preventive measures to minimize if not totally eradicate vehicular
accidents.
c. During International, National and Local Events/ Conferences/Celebrations-
The PNP, in close coordination with the National Executive Committee/ Organizing
Committee, other government agencies and NGOs, provides security coverage to
the visiting dignitaries, top ranking/senior officials, delegates and participants to
ensure their safety and the peaceful and orderly conduct of all the scheduled
activities.
d. During Mass Actions - The PNP, in close coordination with the LGU's and other
law enforcement agencies, secures the rallyists, protects the citizenry from acts of
terrorism and violence brought about by mass protest actions and related illegal
activities, and ensures the normal government functions and normal business
operation of various industries. Maximum tolerance shall be observed in dealing
with rallyists.
e. On Bomb Threats/Bombing Incidents - To efficiently and effectively address
the threats and destruction posed by terrorist groups and individuals, who employ
bombing as means to attain their objectives, through planning, preparation,
prevention, detection, reaction and post blast investigation, and to be able to
identify and bring the offenders before the bar of justice.
As situation/magnitude of the above-events demands, a provisional Task Force
shall be organized by the concerned PROS/PPOs/CPOs that will control, direct and
supervise the conduct of security operations to ensure the orderly and peaceful
conduct of the activity. The following Task Groups maybe established under the
Task Force depending on the situation:
1. Airport Security Task Group - state guests/dignitaries/ tourists and their official
party, as well as their property, are being secured while at the airport area. Airport
 facilitation is extended to those arranging the arrival and departure of the guests, in
close coordination with the airport authorities

2. Close in Security Task Group- the safety of local and foreign VIP/s shall be
arranged and provided by the close-in security. The responsibility ends when the party
being secured has left the country, or an appropriate order has been issued terminating
the close-in security's services

3. Convoy Security Task Group-provision of motorcycle and mobile cars for escort
duties, as well as ensuring the safe and orderly movement of the vehicles and in
accordance with the protocol arrangement shall under the responsibility of convoy
security

4. Billet Security Task Group - appropriate security the VIP/s billeted in the different
hotels, etc. for the protection from thefts, kidnappings, etc shall be the responsibility of
the billet security.

5. Route Security Task Group-deployment of personnel to protect a predetermined

course of movement (primary and alternate route) from a specific point of origin to its
destination.

6. Site Security Task Group - the inner circle of a place of engagement is placed
under the overall security coverage of PSG personnel as mandated by protocol with the
PNP in support role. Other than those specified (below the Vice-President of the
Republic of the Philippines, and that of a visiting dignitary of a Minister rank), site
security shall be the primarily responsibility of the PNP.

7. Area Security Task Group- the immediate vicinity and the outer circle of the place
of engagement has to be secured to thwart any possible threat.

7.1 Traffic and Parking Arrangement the smooth flow of traffic along the routes to be
taken, and the orderly and secured ingress/egress of vehicles in the designated parking
area; and

7.2. Contingency Operations- the dep explosive ordnance for paneling purposes
disturbance management, special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team, ready to
address/respond to a localized emergency/crisis situation is included in the security
plan.

8. Reserve Force Task Group - augmentation of personnel and equipment placed on

standby, ready on call, to attend to certain emergency requirements/ prevailing
situation, such as but not limited to medical and firefighting capability, prison van,
technical/lighting components/instruments, etc.

9. Intelligence Security Task Group-to gather intelligence information for use of the
Task Force.
10. Logistics Security Task Group- to provide logistics support to the Task Force.

SAKLOLO-PNP's Master Plan for Disaster Preparedness

It sets forth the strategic concepts, operational guidelines and coordinating instructions
to be undertaken by PNP Offices and personnel on disaster management

The PNP as Disaster Coordinating Council operating unit conducts disaster

preparedness activities, provides security coverage in disaster areas, and assist in
search and rescue, evacuation, and relief operations.

(Author visited Gonaives of Haiti after it was hit by a hurricane which resulted to the
death of thousands of residents. A Jordan Doctor, French UNPOL and the author were
welcomed by Pakistan Logistics Officer stationed in said place as United Nations
Formed Police Unit )

The great oceans and seas around the Philippines while providing wide avenues for
international trade and commerce and source of tremendous marine resources also
serve as the spawning areas of destructive typhoons and monsoons. Being in the so-
called Circum-Pacific belt of fire and typhoons, our country has always been subjected
to series of natural disasters and calamities yearly which usually result in deaths,
miseries and massive destruction of properties.

Disasters, which could be natural and human-made would cause enormous loss in
terms of human lives and property, the destruction of environment and the setback of
economic development. It has been noted that the number and costs of disasters
continue to rise overtime. This is in view of the increasing vulnerabilities of societies and
communities to natural and man-made disasters on the other hand poverty and
population pressures have forced growing numbers of poor people to live along harm's
way-on flood plains, unstable hillside and earthquake-prone zones. Their extraordinary
vulnerability is perhaps the most important cost of the high number of disaster
casualties.

Moreover, in cities and communities experiencing rapid industrialization and

urbanization, the lack of disaster-risk mitigation programs contributes to their increasing
vulnerability to disaster. In whatever part of the country, we are located the possibility of
experiencing the gloom and the stark reality of all types of hazards: typhoons, floods,
flashfloods, drought earthquakes, volcanic eruption, landslide, fire, maritime
disasters, air disasters, oil spills, etc., is always present.

The Philippine National Police, as the Disaster Coordinating Council operating unit,
conducts disaster preparedness activities, provides security coverage in disaster areas,
and assist in search and rescue, evacuation, and relief operations.
This Master Plan embraces all conceivable contingencies, short of war, emergency
making use of all available resources the PNP can muster to execute the NDCC
Calamities and Disaster Preparedness Plan

This plan encourages the concept of self-reliance by promoting the spirit of self-help
and mutual assistance among the local officials and their constituents which the local
PNP units will be in contact with and/or will be working with during disasters and
calamities.

Preparedness is constant alertness and constant enhancement of capabilities.

Readiness is preparedness for the worst.

As member-Agency, the PNP is tasked to organize Police Auxiliary Services in the

cities, municipalities and barangays; and to provide security coverage in disaster areas.

STRATEGIC CONCEPTS

In furtherance of the DILG/PNP mandated functions, the following shall compose

the strategic concepts:

1. CONTINUOUSLY IMPROVING POLICE SECURITY SERVICE PACKAGE-

Effective law enforcement and crime prevention and suppression system. through the
Innermost Containment Ring of the Police Security Containment Ring System (PSCRS),
which is composed of barangay tanods, CVOS, NGOs, radio groups,
fire/disaster/calamity volunteer brigades that provide localized and needed police
services to the barangays.

2. THE OPERATIONALIZATION OF AN INTEGRATED AREA/COMMUNITY PUBLIC

SAFETY PLAN (IA/ CPSP) While emergency preparedness is a joint responsibility of
the national and local government, its effectiveness will depend largely on the skills and
resources, and the involvement of private organizations and the general public in the
area of disaster.

3. THE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT THROUGH THE COMMUNITY-ORIENTED

POLICING SYSTEM (COPS) The function of the community in nation building is not
only crucial, it is absolutely imperative.

Efficient and effective delivery of police services Can only be attained through the
development of responsive partnership, based on trust and goodwill between the
community and the police.

4. EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM - The continued feedback from all recipients

of public safe services received from the citizens through the Project 117 of the DILG,
the Ugnayans conducted by the PNP and other government agencies, and other
sources reports, complaints, needs, or rejoinders, shall be the basis for improving the
delivery of police services to the citizenry.

OPERATIONAL CONCEPT-The activities to be undertake shall be as follows:

a. Preparation - Involves planning, readiness through information dissemination

and training, and pre-positioning of response/reaction teams to meet a
foreseeable threats/emergencies, Planning and operation shall be done on an
inter-agency, multi sectoral basis to optimize the utilization of resources Goals
and objectives have to be more realistic and attainable
b. Organization-Inventory of equipment, manpower and resources of different
participating government agencies, non-government organizations and private
entities which can be readily tapped when the situation so requires. Considered
the Council's frontier in s response are the following association/groups, but not
limited to: medical, contractors, fire volunteer’s mountain climbers, engineers,
communications transport, etc.
c. Accounting- Resources and equipment committed shall be accounted for
maximum utilization/disposition and the proper tum-over of same after the
disaster operations
d. Coordination - Networking with the LGUs, other government agencies such as
DPWH, DECS, DSWD the non-government organizations and private entities

The deployment of PNP personnel in every municipal/ city throughout the country,
become magnanimous to the first line of response mobilized to the scene/disaster
response operation. Rescue and recovery operations shall be conducted at the
Barangay/Municipal/Provincial nearest the disaster incident until such time that the
appropriate agency concerned should have taken over the control of the rescue
operations.

(The author as a United Nations Police (UNPOL) deployed in MINUSTAH (Haiti) as

Contingent Owned Equipment (COE) Inspector advised other UNPOL Officers from
India Formed Police Unit (FPU) and military officers of Chile Aviation Unit the required
equipment per UN standard.)