CULTURE THEATER - The Philippine Theater, just like the arts have evolved

through time with the influences of the various cultures the Philippines
“Culture is a system of symbolic and expressive structures that has been dawned upon.
particular group a of people developed and utilized to enhance
solidarity, understanding, and transmission of knowledge (Danesi,  Before Colonization, more on verbal jousts, indigenous rituals,
2019).” songs, games and dances to praise gods.

POPULAR CULTURE  In the spanish regime, during the time was the comedia, or the
moro-moro
The set of habits, beliefs, and objects that express a social  During the American Colonization, education, media, and
system’s most commonly held meanings is known as popular language
culture. It encompasses, among other things, media items,  after the Japanese Occupation to today, Philippine theatre has
amusement and leisure, fashion and trends, and linguistic grown to become an incorporation of the various influences of
conventions. (Kidd, 2021). all abovementioned

What does popular culture mean? LITERATURE - Before the Spaniards, records show that Filipinos
created epics, poems, songs myths, tales and legends
Popular culture is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that  During Spanish Occupation, literary creativity was quietened as
embody the broadest sense of a social system. This includes Spaniards promoted Christianity.
media objects, entertainment and leisure, fashion and trends,  In the American occupation, a voice of power and authority
language conventions, and more. came.

Etymology of the word “Culture” Culture traces its origin from

the ancient Latin word cultura, meaning cultivation or trending, and
was introduced into the English language in the year 1430 (Oxford KIND OF CULTURE
English Dictionary). Culture is the “training, development and
refinement of mind, tastes and manners”(Oxford English 1. MATERIAL CULTURE. Refers to the concrete and
Dictionary).
tangible things that man creates and uses.
Culture and Society
2. NON-MATERIAL CULTURE. Refers to non-material
Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other things or intangible objects which the person uses,
characteristics common to the members of a particular group or follows, professes, or strives to conform.
society.
BELIEFS
 These are man's perception about the reality of things
Sociologists define society as the people who interact in such a
way as to Share a common culture.
and shared ideas about how the environment operates.

KNOWLEDGE
 Knowledge is a body of facts and beliefs that people
PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE (PPC) REVIEWER acquire and accumulate over time.
CULTURE -Is the sum of the symbols, ideas, forms of NORMS
expressions and materials products associated with a social
system  These are guides or models of behavior which tell how
people should behave in a particular situations; what
BELIEFS -These are man's perception about the reality of things people ought or not ought to do.
and shared ideas about how the environment operates.
FORMS OF NORMS
CULTURE - consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and
other characteristics common to the members of a particular group 1. MORES - These are norms associated with strong
or society.
ideas of right and wrong.
Popular culture is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that
embody the broadest sense of a social system. 2. FOLKWAYS - These are norms that are simply
customary, normal, habitual ways a group does
Folk culture - custom, traditions things.
High Culture - Film, literature, music, architecture, art
Popular culture - Popular trends 3. SANCTIONS - Sanctions are prescribed norms of
conduct exposed by society to an individual for him to
 Values providing directions on what is good or bad and
conform to moral standards and accepts those that are
right and wrong.
 Language - human beings use language and, therefore, favorable to a group.
possess culture.
 Technology - techniques and knowledge in utilizing raw 4. LANGUAGE -Perhaps, the most defining characteristics
materials to produce food, tools, clothing, shelter, means of of human being is the ability to develop and use highly
transportation and weapon complex system of symbols like language
Architecture - through so many changes along with time and the 5. VALUES - They are shared ideas about desirable
influences of its colonists
goals.
 During the Pre-Spanish period, Philippine architecture was
made of bamboo and nipa CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
 In the American Commonwealth Period, there was the
establishment of a civil government CULTURE IS LEARNED AND ACQUIRED
 Culture is not instinctive nor part or biological
MUSIC AND DANCE - Anglo-American popular music was very equipment of man.
popular then in the early twentieth century.
 In the Japanese Occupation, American entertainment
were banned which is why a pro- Filipino and Japanese
CULTURED IS SHARED AND TRANSMITTED
virtue was encouraged in the music industry.  To continuously preserve culture, it is best to share to
other people or to transmit it to the next generation, or
PAINTINGS - there is no particular pattern being followed by the else it will die a natural death.
artists
  Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate
CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE OR DYNAMIC the values, attitudes, language
 Culture is always changing. New ideas,
procedures, and techniques are added, modified INDOCTRINATION OR SUGGESTION
or discarded.  This may take the form of formal training or informal
training.
CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE.
 Certain features of culture have been retained CONDITIONING.
today and they modified.  The values and attitudes of other people acquired
through conditioning.
CULTURE IS IDEATIONAL
 Culture is ideal pattern of behavior which the
members are expected to follow. ADAPTATION OF CULTURE

CULTURE GRATIFIES HUMAN NEEDS. PARALLELISM.

 Cultures continues to exist if it satisfies human  The same culture may take place in two or more
needs biologically and psychologically. different places.
- For example, animals
CULTURAL IS SOCIAL
 Culture is a group product developed by many DIFFUSION.
individuals interacting in a group. The habits  behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one
and knowledge of the members in a group is culture to another.
shared by the other members.
CONVERGENCE.
CULTURAL IS INTEGRATION  When two or more culture are fused
 By integration, it means that there is a tendency
for individuals to fully appreciate those elements FISSION.
in culture that are best for them.  When people break away from their original culture

FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE ACCULTURATION.

 Individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns of other
IT SERVES AS THE TRADEMARK OF THE PEOPLE IN culture
A SOCIETY.
 It serves as a distinguishing mark of one group ASSIMILATION.
of people to another.  adopted by a smaller society

IT GIVES MEANING TO MAN'S EXISTENCE. ACCOMODATION.

 There is no society that does not have a  respect and tolerate
culture.
“BALIKATAN” SYSTEM
CULTURE UNIFIES DIVERSE BEHAVIOR.  helping the person who is in need of assistance
 Each individual behavior that is brought into the
society is unified and coordinated with other “BAYANIHAN” SYSTEM
individual's behavior.  everybody shares his time, effort

CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL SOLIDARITY. “PAKIKISAMA” CONFORMITY

 It develops loyalty and devotion for a common  This is a positive way of yielding to the groups’s
national pride. unanimous of majority’s decision so as to complete a
task.
CULTURE ESTABLISHES SOCIAL PERSONALITY
 Despite differences among individuals, there is “COMPADRE OR COMADRE” SYSTEM
only one social personality that is produced in  include “ninong” and “ninang”.
society.
“UTANG NA LOOB” OR THE SENSE OF GRATITUDE.
CULTURE PROVIDES SYSTEMATIC BEHAVIORAL  One aspect of this is in gif-giving
PARTTERN.
 Individuals are governed by culture. Each DESIRE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT
culture consists of one norm as basis for all  Every Filipino family wants to succeed and for the
individuals to observe. children to be successful in their aspirations.
CULTURE PREDICTS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR. HOSPITALITY VALUE
 Since knowledge and ideas are internalized by the  welcoming visitors with warmth and enthusiasm at
members of a particular society, the culture of the home.
members can be the basis of predicting the
behavior of the members in the society FIESTA CELEBRATION.
 It strengthens family loyalty and unity;
CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL STRUCTURE
CATEGORY. FAMILISM OR CLOSE FAMILY RELATIONS.
 The existing culture of the people in a certain  giving highest importance to the family above other
society could be the basis of judging the kind of things.
social structure existing in the society.
FUN LOVING TRAIT
 trait that makes them unique that even in times of
MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE calamities
IMITATION COMPASSIONATE
  being sympathetic to other even if the person is a
stranger.

REGIONALISM
 giving more priority or preference in giving favors
to his proving mate before others.

FRIENDLY
 A trait found in most of Filipinos. They are sincere,
loyal, kind and sociable people.

FLEXIBLE OR MAGALING MAKIBAGAY

 The ability of Filipinos to “ride-on”

RELIGIOUS
 Most Filipinos posses strong conformance of their
religious belief both in words and in deeds.

RESPECT TO ELDERS.
 A Filipino Filipino trait of Being courteous both in
words and deeds to other people.

RESOURCEFULNESS
 A Filipino trait of being creative and resourceful.
The ability to do things that are next to impossible.

PATIENCE
 strong determination in every undertaking.
 3. RESOURCEFULNESS AND CREATIVITY - We
Filipinos are known for ingenuity. We are creative in so
many ways whether in arts, music, science, technology
or business.
FAMILY LIFE AND VALUE SYSTEM
4. FAITHFULNESS - The Filipinos are very faithful people
FAMILISM OR CLOSE FAMILY RELATIONS whatever religion is.
 A Filipino trait of giving the highest importance to
the family above other things. A trait wherein 5. BAYANIHAN (Unity in Spirit) - close relationship
family members should be taken care of and with neighbors, maybe in barangays or subdivisions.
supported regardless of whether he/she did
something wrong, a family member must be 6. THRIFTINESS - save money for important future use.
given and should not be abandoned.
7. POLITENESS - We use “po and opo” to show respect
FILIPINO FAMILY SYSTEM to someone.
 Family life is highly treasured, and households
often include extended family. The average rural 8. FAMILY ORIENTED - Filipinos are willing to make huge
family has about three children, while urban sacrifices just to give the family clearer pastures in the
families tend to be smaller. The main future.
responsibility of most children is to complete their
education, but some children are also expected to 9. BRAVERY - Lapu-Lapu, Andres Bonifacio and Jose
work for their families. Rizal are some of the heroes that proved how greatly
brave we Filipinos are.
VALUE SYSTEM OF FAMILY
10. SENSE OF HUMOR - Filipinos seem to be able to smile
1. Family Oriented in spite of many problems we face, not even typhoons,
2. Respect or other natural disasters can seem to take away the
3. God Fearing jolliness that many of us have.
4. They help each other
5. Hospitable 11. DISCRETION AND DIGNITY - Considerably many of
6. Debt of gratitude our politicians lack of delicadeza.
7. Love and happiness
12. GRATEFULNESS - It’s natural for us not to forget
MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE anyone who helps us, “Utang na Loob”.

Courtship 13. HONESTY AND COMMITMENT - Most of us Pinoy

- Traditional: Harana or Serenade believe that fulfilling a promise to others means a great
- Modern: Courting can now take place self fulfillment even if we end up undermining
without personal contact virtual dating, ourselves. We try our best to keep these promises, as
chatting online, sending text messages, still time and trait our common Filipinos “Palabra de
conversing over the telephone, and Honor”.
instant messaging.
14. GENEROSITY AND HELPFULNESS - Despite being a
Wedding small country we still grant aid to other nations in times
-Pamamanhikan of need.
-Despedida De Soltera
-Sabitan/Sayawan NEGATIVE TRAITS - Filipino people also have annoying and
bad habits
Family life
- In a Filipino household, it is common to 1. “BAHALA NA” ATTITUDE - Roughly translated as
find three generations living together. “come what may”.

THE FILIPINO VUE SYSTEM AND DESIRABLE FILIPINO 2. PROCRASTINATION OR “MAÑANA HABIT” -
TRAITS Filipinos are fond of saying “bukas na lang” or “sa
susunod na lang” due to laziness.
VALUES - are principles or standards of behavior which
can be taken individually or as a group. 3. CRAB MENTALITY - Filipinos tend to possess this
mentality especially when they feel insecure. In a
FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM way, the crab mentality also promotes an unhealthy
 Is defined by the way people live their life as an competition. Filipinos devote so much of their time
influence of one’s culture. gossiping and back-biting.

FILIPINO TRAITS 4. LACK OF SELF-DISCIPLINE - most Filipinos have this

penchant of disregarding the rules in order to prioritize
TRAITS - Is a distinguishing quality or characteristics, what they want. they believed to be discriminatory, thus,
typically, assumed one belonging to a person. creating a mentality of “self-righteous disobedience.”

POSITIVE TRAITS - that mark us as one of the most 5. FILIPINO TIME - Related to the mafiana habit, Filipino
commendable people on earth. time refers to the Filipinos’ own unique brand of time.

1. HOSPITALITY - This is one of the most popular 6. COLONIAL MENTALITY - “Anything that is foreign is
traits of us Filipinos. We are Filipino friendly and better”- that’s the colonial mentality of some Filipinos.
welcome our guests.
7. ATTITUDE TOWARDS UTANG - “Filipinos love to
2. ADAPTABILITY AND RESILIENCE - Filipino live large”. Their course of action is to borrow money
culture has made us stay resilient and persistent. from anyone they know and avoid them for the next
With or without help from our government. couple of months.
 2. CARABAO CARRIAGE OR BALSA
8. NINGAS-KUGON - “Leaving our work either  A two-wheel carriage Wrapped into a carabao
half-baked or unfinished”. This literally means
“burning cogon grass”, which describes our 3. JEEPNEYS
Enthusiasm. We get really excited and give a lot  It has been almost a century since it became the
of effort at first, but like a burning cogon, it quickly trademark of transportation in the Philippines
dies down.  This mode of transportation has been the cheapest
option for commuters in the Country
9. GOSSIPING - Filipinos are fond of talking about
other businesses. 4. THE BALANGAY
 National Boat It is picked in order for “future generations
10. LIVING BEYOND THEIR MEANS (SOCIAL of Filipinos to recognize their forefathers’ invaluable
CLIMBING) - One of the reasons why a lot of contribution in shaping the country’s maritime tradition.”
Filipinos live in poverty is because of
overspending. PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION NOW:

1. JEEPNEYS AND MODERNIZED JEEPNEYS

 Modernized jeepneys are air-conditioned vehicles.
FILIPINO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS  remains to be the cheapest option there is.

WHAT IS FESTIVAL? 2. MOTORCYCLES WITH CABINS OR TRICYCLES

 A festival or commonly know as a “Fiesta” is a  It’s a modern-day kalesa
part of the Filipino culture.
 Being religious centered country a fiesta is 3. BICYCLES WITH CABINS OR PEDICABS
commonly about the celebration of a city or  It is run by a bicycle – Still serving some streets in
provinces patron saint or of harvest. the country if one wishes to go to a near
destination.
RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
 The tradition of the fiesta is an ancient one 4. BUSES
handed down from the many Spanish religious  Usually used for a city to city routes and city to
practices. provincial area routes and vice versa.

NON-RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS 5. TAXIS AND TRANSPORT NETWORK VEHICLE

 Non-religious festivals are those festivals not SERVICE (TVNS)
usually associated with a patron saint or a  Transport vehicle for people who wish to have
religious event. a more comfortable ride – Operate within and
outside the city – usually with an additional
EXAMPLES OF PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS rate.

1. SINULOG FESTIVALS – This is one of the 6. MANILA METRO RAIL TRANSIT (MRT)
grandest festival in the philippines, this festival  Is mostly ridden by commuters from EDSA.
was always celebrated in CEBU CITY every 3rd
week of january. This celebration is to honor the 7. LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT (LRT)
life of santo niño(the holy child of jesus) which is  Is known to be the first in Southeast Asia.
the patron saint of cebu city.
8. AIRPLANE
2. ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL - This festival was  Way of going from major cities to popular tourist
celebrated in kalibo, Aklan every 3rd Sunday of destinations all over the country.
January. Ati-atihan festival is one of the most
grandest and oldest festivals in the Philippines 9. FERRY BOATS (RO-RO)
it is also called the mother of all [Link] was
 Is a ship used to carry passengers, and sometimes
formerly celebrated about 800 years ago. It is a
vehicles and cargo, across a body of water.
celebration of santo niño (the infant jesus).
FILIPINO CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
3. DINAGYANG FESTIVALS - In Ilollo city and
celebrated every 4th week of january
FILIPINO CUISINE
 Filipino cuisine is very complex, heavily influenced by
4. MASKKARA FESTIVAL - In Bacolod, Negros
the country’s former colonizers and its neighboring
occidental and celebrated every month of
Asian countries.
october
 Filipina Cuisine can be best described as a mixture of
5. PANAGBENGA FESTIVAL - In baguio city and the eastern and western influences.
celebrated every holy week.  Part of the Filipinos’ way of life is their love for food.

6. PAHIYAS FESTIVAL - This festival was WHAT MAKES FILIPINO CUISINE UNIQUE?
celebrated in Lucban, Quezon province and this  It’s a mix of different cultures
always celebrated every may 15.  It offers distinctive aromas, flavors, and colors
 “It’s known for its creativity
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION THEN  It offers a diverse menu fit for any occasion
AND NOW
10 POPULAR NATIVE FILIPINO DELICACIES
PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION THEN:
1. SAPIN-SAPIN - Is derived from the Ibanag term sapin
1. HORSE CARRIAGE OR KALESA which means layers.
 With the two-wheel carriage wrapped into the
horse
 2. Bibingka - Is commonly sold in markets, food
stalls, and outside churches especially during the
Christmas season.

3. Biko -Is a sweet and chewy rice cake made

from glutinous rice, brown sugar, and coconut
milk.

4. Puto - Is a popular delicacy eaten as a snack

or breakfast food. It is a steamed rice cake made
of milled plain rice, sugar, and coconut milk.

5. Cassava cake - Is a traditional baked cake

using grated cassava, a starchy tuberous root
locally called kamoteng kahoy in Tagalog and
balinghoy in Visayan.

6. Kutsinta - Kutsinta is a steamed rice cake known

for its brown color with a sticky and slightly
rubbery texture. It is often topped with grated
coconut or cheese.

7. Maja Blanca - Is a pudding made of coconut milk,

cornstarch, and sugar. The mixture is cooked over
low fire and continuously stirred until thick and
eventually forms into gelatin when cooled.

8. Pichi-pichi - Is a gelatinous delicacy made from

steamed cassava mixed with sugar. It is distinct
for its green color as it is flavored with pandan
leaves although lye is sometimes used. It is
served coated with grated coconut or cheese.

9. Suman - Is a rice cake made from glutinous rice

and coconut milk. The mixture is wrapped in
banana leaves or palm leaves and then steamed
until the rice is cooked. It can be eaten with brown
sugar, ripe mangoes, or latik.

10. Turon - Is a famous Filipino food made of banana

wrapped in spring roll wrapper and deep fried until
crispy. It is then coated with caramelized brown
sugar and sometimes sprinkled with sesame
seeds,

FORMS OF MEDIA

RADIO
 Radio became a new form of communication
and entertainment. Between the 1920’s and
1950’s many radio shows were broadcast, and
gathering around the radio in the evening was a
common form of entertainment

TELEVISION IN POP CULTURE

 Philippine TV has truly gone far from its cathode-
ray tubes and LCDs, far enough to intervene in
the world opposite its superficial screens.
Unquestionably, this form of media has always
been part of determining the what-hot and what-
not for the Philippine pop culture.

FILM IN POP CULTURE

 As popular culture, film is a voracious medium
that feeds on material from traditional literary
forms and recent media products to create
narratives with which to mesmerize its audience.
In the Philippines, movies have been made from
plays, novels, folk tales, legends, and even
poems, capitalizing on the presumed familiarity of
the public with the events, characters and
themes of these traditional/popular narrative
genres.

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PHONES
FINALS