8 English

Quarter 4 - Module 2
Using Appropriate Grammatical
Signals or Expressions Suitable to
Each Pattern of Idea Development
(Problem-Solution and Cause-
Effect)
English - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 2: Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions Suitable
to Each Pattern of Grammar Development (Problem-Solution and Cause-Effect)
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist/Editor:
Maricar L. Cedro
Angelo Anthony C. Villanueva
Edmark L. Tonelete
Raymond S. Inducil
Melarina D. Verano
Content Evaluator: Cherry Lou C. Dela Cruz/Christian Charles R. Centeno
Language Evaluator: Cherry Lou C. Dela Cruz/Christian Charles R. Centeno
Layout Evaluator: Cherry Lou C. Dela Cruz/Christian Charles R. Centeno
Management Team: Gregorio C. Quinto
Rainelda M. Blanco
Agnes R. Bernardo
Jay Arr V. Sangoyo
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Garcia
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan

Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
E-mail address: [email protected]
 8

English
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Using Appropriate Grammatical
Signals or Expressions Suitable to
Each Pattern of Idea Development
(Problem-Solution and Cause-
Effect)
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn about the informative texts that can be organized
in different ways. You will be able to use the appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions to form ideas and concepts.

As you go through, you are expected to express your ideas and give remedy
to certain issues with more complex, intensify vivid knowledge in determining the
pattern used in the passage. Also, you will learn to differentiate an event or condition
to certain phenomena that relates to the cause and effect relationship.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• identify the problem-solution and cause-effect pattern of idea;
• use grammatical signals or expressions in developing problem-solution and
cause-effect relationship; and
• construct sentences using pattern of idea development applying appropriate
grammatical signals or expressions.

What I Know
Before you proceed, check your prior knowledge of the lesson that you are about to
learn. Test yourself by answering the following questions below. Take note of the items that
you did answer correctly and discover the right answers as you go through this module.

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following refers to a pattern of organization that explains the dilemma or the
issue?
A. cause C. problem
B. effect D. solution
2. Which of the following refers to the result of an event or condition?
A. cause C. problem
B. effect D. solution
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Problem-Solution?
A. It explains why or how something happened.
B. It tells what a problem is and how it is solved.
C. It determines the origin and result of various phenomena.
D. It establishes one event or action as the direct result of another.
4. The Philippines is a tropical country that is characterized by comparatively high
temperature, high humidity, and frequent rainfall. That is why most of the country
experience natural phenomenon which typically damages properties and lives. What will
be the best solution to lessen the damage made by natural phenomena?
A. You should pray and let the season pass by.

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 B. Therefore, take precautionary measures beforehand and proper training on first
aid.
C. You should watch television and listen to the radio’s announcement and be
prepared.
D. So that you can go to the evacuation area and keep the container with foods and
necessary things.
5. The students in English class are having difficulty performing well in the tests, despite the
fact of studying their lessons beforehand. When asked why they were struggling, the
students showed that the material they studied was never in the test. What is the BEST
solution for this problem?
A. The teacher gives the students a research work therefore they can have additional
notes.
B. The teacher decides to ignore the students' concerns because of failing grades on
exams.
C. The students are having difficulty on the test so the teacher decides to make a study
guide.
D. The students are having difficulty on the test so that the teacher revises the test.
6. Which sentence has a problem and solution text structure?
A. Bianca is hopeful that vaccines can cure COVID-19.
B. Sam asked how I got the labels off the glass jars, and I explained that I just soaked
the jars in hot water.
C. Daddy said that Sarah caught a cold because she didn’t wear a scarf and gloves
on that snowy day.
D. I have math first period and Language Arts second; after that, I have science and
then values education.
7. Stella got a 100% score on her test because she studied a lot. Which part of the sentence
tells the cause?
A. she studied a lot C. Stella got a 100% score on her test
B. because she passed the exam D. none of the above
8. The crocodiles are becoming endangered which is necessary to balance the ecosystem
and most of them have died because people dried up the swamps and marshes where
crocodiles live. Poachers have also been part of the dilemma as crocodiles have been
desired for strong, smooth and leathery skin. In order to save the crocodiles, people must
take care of the crocodile’s environment and stop killing them. What is the signal word
used in the text?
A. and C. have
B. because D. must
9. Sam woke up late for school. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about the
solution to the problem?
A. Sam should set an alarm.
B. Sam woke up late for school should wake up early.
C. Sam woke up late for school therefore he must go to bed earlier.
D. Sam woke up late for school because he watches movies late at night.
10. Most of the students fail their examinations because they do not know how to study for a
test. As a solution read over your notes. Then, close your notebook and try to remember
what it says. What is the signal words used in the text?
A. as a solution C. most of
B. led to D. read over

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11. Which of the following refers to why something happened?
A. cause C. problem
B. effect D. solution
12. Which of the following refers to something that should be done to give remedy to the
issue?
A. cause C. problem
B. effect D. solution
13. I stayed at home because I had a flu. Which of the following is the signal word used in the
sentence that expresses solution?
A. because C. had
B. from D. stayed
14. Mr. Pascual told them not to mix the chemicals, but Jenny and Gloria never listened to
him. After all, he was always reminding them not to do something unless told to do so.
And now that the classroom had been destroyed, both of them regretted what they did
and wished they had listened to him.
What was the cause of classroom’s destruction?
A. They mixed the chemicals that led to an explosion.
B. Mr. Pascual taught them laboratory safety in order to prevent accidents.
C. The students are aware with their actions so they decided to listen in the future.
D. The students failed to listened to Mr. Pascual, as a consequence they got a bad
grade in chemistry, causing them to fail.
15. People ignored the reminder of the government to stay at home if necessary to avoid
exposure to the disease. _______,the number of cases increased. Which
signal/expression completes the sentence?
A. as a result C. in fact
B. in addition D. however

What’s In
In your previous lesson, you learned you to differentiate general and particular
statements and counterclaims. This time around, we will recall your understanding of the topic.

Activity 1: Let’s Review

Express your ideas about the meaning and message of the illustration below. Apply
what you learned from the previous lesson. Make sure to observe grammatical signals in
constructing a paragraph. It will help you improve your ideas and organize your thoughts.

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 Do you find this activity interesting? This will help you organize your sentences and form a
cohesive paragraph. It is important that we share our ideas about certain issues and find their
way to resolve the problems. Are you ready? Let’s proceed!

What’s New

Have you experienced natural disasters brought about by catastrophic events with
atmospheric, geological, and hydrological origins that can cause fatalities, property damage
and social environmental destruction? If yes, do you even look for possible solutions to prevent
the effects of the damage and to look for the brighter side during difficult times?

This part of the module will lead you to understanding how a certain problem can be
resolved if we can be part of its solution.

Activity 1: Connect the Puzzle!

Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

When It Rains, It Floods

by: Maricar L. Cedro

The Philippines is the most dynamic economist

in the East Asia Pacific region with the growth in its
capital city and surrounding areas. It is located in an
area affected by natural disasters called the Ring of Fire
or Typhoon Belt where about 20 typhoons enter the
Philippines every year causing flooding and affecting
around 6 million people yearly. It is reported that
thousands of residents in Calumpit, Bulacan had to
leave their homes after a flood induced by Typhoon
Ulysses and water from dams unleashed in the province
reached six feet high. They stayed either with relatives
or in evacuation centers. To address flooding and
destroying lives and properties, the government
rehabilitates old pumping stations, and builds new
ones to support the dam and moves families along
waterways to safer ground. Upgraded pumping
stations can hold more capacity of water especially
during typhoons and can filter the wastes beside the
water areas.

Process Questions:
1. What is the problem in this passage? ______________________________________
2. What is the proposed solution? ___________________________________________

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 What is It
To help you better understand the concept of problem-solution structure, you need to
deepen your knowledge and understanding by discovering what the topic is all about.

In the previous part of the module, you have read the passage about the problems or
the issues and how you can possibly resolve them.

What is the Problem and Solution Text Structure?

Problem and Solution Text Structure is a pattern of organization where the idea of the
passage is showed as a dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that needs
to be done to remedy this issue (solution or attempted solution).

Here are the signal words and phrases:

problem solved because

answer led to since

so that dilemma question

solution issue puzzle

as a result of disadvantage in order to

cause I propose if/then

the dilemma is should the problem is

consequently therefore thereby

Examples:

Solution

Problem
The school thereby
requested the
The fire destroyed the Department of
school building. Education (DepEd) for a
new building.

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 Problem
Solution
Due to the increasing
number of cases cause Therefore, we should
by the virus still many of listen to the government
us are ignoring the and follow the health
health protocols set by protocols to lessen the
the Inter-Agency Task number of cases.
Force (IATF).

Problem-Solution Text Structure

In northern areas, the weather is too cold to grow crops all year long; some farmers
found ways to grow food all year. It leads us to the idea that greenhouse is a special building
that stays warm during winter. Crops like lettuce and basil can grow well in the greenhouse or
even during cold weather.

Solution
Problem
So, it leads to the idea
that greenhouse is a
The weather is too
special building that
cold to grow crops all
stays warm during
year long
winter.

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Cause and Effect Relationship

Cause - refers to the driving force in the text. It is the reason why things
happen. It is the thing that makes other things happen.

Effect - refers to the result of an action or cause. It is what happened next

in the text that results from a prior cause.

Signal Words and Phrases

Signal words or transitions are signposts that help guide the reader through the writer’s
thoughts. They help connect the ideas in a text or the events in a story. Often, they do this by
answering implicit questions. In the case of cause and effect, these are the what of the effect
and the why of the cause. Different signal words can be used to recognize each.

Cause (The Why) Effect (The What)

Because So
Because of Therefore
Since This resulted in
As a result of Consequently
As a consequence of Hence
Now that Accordingly
Due to

For easy understanding of this follow the simple steps below:

CAUSE (THE WHY) EFFECT (THE WHAT)

Sentence It got dark because the sun already set.
Question to ask in Why did it get dark? What happened when the sun
mind already set?
Answer to the because the sun already set It got dark
question
Wh question used Why What
Answer Cause Effect
Signal word because ----------

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 CAUSE (THE WHY) EFFECT (THE WHAT)
Sentence My auntie yelled because she saw a big mouse.
Question to ask in Why did auntie yell? What happened when she
mind saw a big mouse?
Answer to the question because she saw a big mouse My auntie yelled
Wh question used Why What
Answer Cause Effect
Signal word Because ----------

CAUSE (THE WHY) EFFECT (THE WHAT)

Sentence Sam broke his leg because he slipped on a banana peel.
Question to ask in Why did Sam break his leg? What happened after he
mind slipped on a banana peel?
Answer to the question because he slipped on a Sam broke his leg
banana peel
Wh question used Why What
Answer Cause Effect
Signal word Because ----------

CAUSE (THE WHY) EFFECT (THE WHAT)

Sentence The festival was cancelled due to a typhoon.
Question to ask in Why was the festival What happened due to a
mind cancelled? typhoon?
Answer to the question due to a typhoon The festival was cancelled
Wh question used Why What
Answer Cause Effect
Signal word Due to ----------

CAUSE (THE WHY) EFFECT (THE WHAT)

Sentence The present pandemic leads to global economic shutdown
hence many employed workers were dismissed from their
work.
Question to ask in Why were many employed What is the outcome of the
mind workers dismissed from their pandemic/global economic
work? shutdown?
Answer to the question (Because) of the present Hence many employed
pandemic that leads to global workers were dismissed from
economic their work
Wh question used Why What
Answer Cause Effect
Signal word ----------------- Hence

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Look at the text below. Here are some of the examples of signals words or phrases that are
used to locate the cause and effect relationship.

“The Ship of the Desert”

By: Maricar L. Cedro

For many years, a camel Cause

has worked for the man in the
desert. So, this humpback animal Effect
is called the ship of the desert.
Everything about a camel makes
it just the right animal for the hot,
sandy desert. It can eat the spiny
desert plants because its lips are
covered with tough skin and its
teeth are very strong.
Its feet have thick pads
that protect it from the hot desert
sands and help keep it from
sinking or slipping in the sand.
The heavy hair that covers its
body protects it from the heat and
sandstorms. Its long thick
eyelashes protect its eye from the
blowing sand. The hair in its ears
keeps the sand out of its ear, too.
During sandstorms, a camel can
close its nose.
When it drinks, a camel
takes in much water which is
stored in one of its two stomachs.
It also stores fat in its hump and
lives on this for several days.
Because of its ability to store food Cause
and water, it can go on for long
period of time without eating or Effect
taking another drink. No other
animal can be compared with the
camel as the ship of the desert.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Match-making Activity
Directions: Match the problems in Column A with the solutions in Column B. Write the letter
that corresponds to your answer in your answer sheet.
1. Peg had a cold. A. So he ate two bowls of soup.
2. Rob was hungry. B. Therefore he picked his toys up.
3. Jon tore his paper. C. Hence he used tape to fix it.
4. The garden had weeds. D. Accordingly she took medicine.
5. Ted’s bedroom was messy. E. So mom pulled the weed.

Independent Assessment 1
Be a Problem-solver!
Directions: Write down possible solutions to the given problems. Use appropriate signal
words that you learned from this module.

1. Bridgette was late from her class earlier.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Ricky received a failing grade in English.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. The remote control of the T.V. is not working properly.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. The water is too cold for him to drink.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. She is hungry from all the work she did earlier.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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Independent Activity 2
Match-making Activity
Directions: Match the causes in Column A to the effects in Column B. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer in your answer sheet.
____1. The car ran a red light. A. So the horses were thirsty.
____2. Ben stayed up late. B. Consequently she fell down.
____3. The students were quiet in class. C. So She was hungry at lunch.
____ 4. It rained. D. Hence he was sleepy the next day.
____5. Lydia skipped breakfast. E. Therefore it boiled over.
____6. It was very hot outside. F. Hence everyone laughed.
____7. Lucy’s shoes weren’t tied. G. Therefore it sank.
____8. The boat leaked. H. So Chris got wet.
____9. The puppy chased its tail. I. Accordingly the teacher rewarded them.
____10. There was too much water in the pot. J. This resulted in another car hit it.

Independent Assessment 2
What Happened?
Directions: Read the selection and answer the given questions. Answer in complete
sentence.
Lewis Carroll wrote “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” in 1865. It’s the story of a girl
who follows a rabbit and has some amazing adventures. Below is a passage from the book.
Alice is sitting with her sister near a river.
Down the Rabbit Hole
So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the day made her
feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the
trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran
close by her.
There was nothing so very remarkable in that, nor did Alice think it so very much out
of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!” But when the
Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket and looked at it and then hurried on,
Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit
with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and, burning with curiosity, she ran
across the field after it and was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole, under the
hedge. In another moment, down went Alice after it!

Example question: Alice felt very sleepy and stupid.

Example answer: Alice felt very sleepy and stupid, so she wasn’t sure if she wanted to get
up to pick up daisies.

1. State the cause:

Alice wasn’t sure she wanted to get up to pick daisies. Why was she feeling this
way?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 2. State the effect:
The White Rabbit had a watch and was wearing a coat. What effect did that have on
Alice?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. State the cause:

Alice follows the White Rabbit. What was she feeling that made her follow the rabbit?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Independent Activity 3
Be a Problem-solver!
Directions: Write down the possible causes of the problems and give solutions. Use signal
words and phrases in writing your answer.

Example: Sunburn
You will get sunburn if you stay too much under the sun therefore you need
to wear protective gears to avoid it and use sunblock creams if necessary.

1. Eye bags
________________________________________________________________
2. Body Odor
________________________________________________________________
3. Failing grades
________________________________________________________________
4. Addiction to Mobile Games
________________________________________________________________
5. Unstable Internet Connection
________________________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 3
Be The Best Adviser
Directions: Write down a solution to the given problems. Use appropriate signal word/s in
writing your answer.
Example: What is the best way to avoid tardiness in attending classes?
Because you want to avoid being late in school, you need to sleep early so
that you will have enough time to prepare yourself in going to classes.

1. How can social media bullying be prevented?

2. What is the best way to help someone who is depressed?
3. What is the best way to prevent teen pregnancy?
4. How should you decide what college to attend?
5. How can parents make virtual learning effective?

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Sum up your significant learning by completing the following. Write your
answers on a sheet of paper.

I have learned that…

I realized that…

I believe I can deepen my understanding through…

What I Can Do
Paragraph Writing
Directions: Write scenarios in your life that has a cause and effect relationship based on the
given title. Apply the use of signal words and phrases in writing these scenarios. The title of
your output will be “My Quaran Things in Life”.

4 3 2 1
Cause-and- At least three Two cause- One cause- No cause-and-
effect cause and- and-effect and-effect effect
relationships effect relationships relationship relationships
relationships included on included on included on
included on graphic graphic graphic
graphic organizer organizer organizer
organizer
Clear Extremely Clear Basic Minimal
description clear description of description of description of
description of cause-and- cause-and- cause-and-
the cause-

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 and-effect effect effect effect
relationships relationships relationships relationships
Language No One to three Four to six More than six
conventions capitalization, capitalization, capitalization, capitalization,
spelling, or spelling, or spelling, or spelling, or
punctuation punctuation punctuation punctuation
errors errors errors errors

SCORES

Assessment

A. Directions: Read and analyze the given statements and state whether the underlined
statements tell cause or effect. Write the word CAUSE if the statement tells why things
happen and EFFECT if it tells what happens next. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

___________1. Because he was extremely feeling hot and thirsty, Jose drank two glasses of
ice-cold water.
___________2. Since Melissa worked very hard for the company, she was promoted as the
new supervisor.
___________3. Because the rain poured so heavily, People ran for their cars
___________4. Terry was trained well for the 50-yard dash competition, therefore he won the
gold medal.
___________5. My tooth aches so I consult my doctor.
___________6. The car would not start because it ran out of gas.
___________7. Because she did not see the well, Silly Sheldon fell in it.
___________8. Due to the uncontrollable price increase, People are having problem
budgeting their income.
___________9. Because she wanted to get the highest score in Math, she studied well in it.
___________10. Tesha was quiet because her sister was sleeping.

B. Directions: Complete the following statements by choosing the correct signal words inside
the parentheses. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

11. Joy didn’t attend the seminar _____________________ (since, because, solved) she was
not in good shape.

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12. _____________________ (Since, Should, Therefore) you have some queries, feel free to
contact this telephone number.

13. _____________________ (In order to, I propose, The problem is) deliver her literary piece
well, Cheska hires an orator.

14. The boy dislikes the toy; _____________________ (thereby, because, consequently), he
throws it away.

15. Mavic is studious; _____________________ (thereby, because, consequently), she

belongs to the honor roll.

Additional Activities

Directions: Think of one issue that our country is facing nowadays. Compose a problem-
solution and cause-effect essay that will address the issue you have chosen.
Make your essay coherent and cohesive by using appropriate signal
words/grammatical signals. Please be guided by the given rubrics.

4 3 2 1
Organization The introduction The introduction The introduction Organization
clearly states the contains a does not clearly is difficult to
problem/ problem/thesis; state the problem; follow: There
thesis; the body the body the body falters in may be no
fully explains the explains a one more of the clear
problem and solution; the following: explaining introduction
solution(s); the conclusion why the problem is or conclusion.
conclusion brings the writing worth considering, Transitions
effectively ends to a close; giving one or more may not be
the writing, transitions are solutions to the used.
without repetition; used. problems, or telling
effective and the practical benefits
varied transitions of the solution(s);
are used the conclusion may
throughout not effectively bring
the writing to a
close; few
transitions are used.
Elements of The overall The purpose is The purpose of the There is no
Compare/ purpose is clear; generally clear; writing is not always apparent
Contrast the problem is the problem is clear; both the purpose. The
Writing defined clearly; stated; the problem and the problem is not
why the problem solution(s) are solution(s) should be stated or
is worth presented. Does more clearly stated clear.
considering is one or more of and examined. Solutions may
explained; one or the following: be given but
more solutions to explains why the they are not
the problem are problem is worth necessarily
laid out; practical considering,

15
 benefits of the gives one or logical or
solution(s) are more solutions practical.
shared. to the problems,
or tells the
practical benefits
of the solution(s)
Grammar, There are few or There are some Errors in mechanics, Serious and
Usage, no errors in errors in usage, grammar, or numerous
Mechanics, mechanics, mechanics, spelling interfere errors in
and Spelling usage, grammar, usage, grammar, with the audience’s mechanics,
or spelling. or spelling understanding of the usage,
process. grammar, or
spelling make
understand
the essay
very difficult.
Use of The writer has Use grammatical The writer’s The writing
grammatical chosen an signals. The commitment to the provides little
signals appropriate writer seems topic seems sense of
grammatical committed to the inconsistent. A involvement
signal for the topic, and there sense of the writer or
topic, purpose, may be a sense may emerge at commitment.
and audience. of “writing to be times; however, the There is no
The writer read.” In places, use of grammatical evidence that
demonstrates the writing is signal is at time the writer has
deep commitment expressive, either inappropriate chosen a
to the topic. The engaging, or or ineffective. Many grammatical
writing is sincere. words are imprecise, signals. Word
expressive, redundant, or choice are
engaging, or confusing mostly
sincere. Word imprecise,
choice is redundant, or
consistently confusing.
precise and
impactful.
Sentence The writing has The writing The writing tends to The writing
Fluency an effective flow flows; however, be mechanical tends to be
and rhythm. connections rather than fluid. either choppy
Sentences show between Occasional awkward or rambling.
a high degree of phrases or constructions may Awkward
craftsmanship, sentences may force the reader to constructions
with consistently be less than slow down or often force
strong and varied fluid. Sentence reread. the reader to
structure that patterns are slow down or
makes expressive somewhat reread.
oral reading easy varied,
and enjoyable. contributing to
ease in oral
reading

16
 17
What I Know
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. A
What’s In
Answer may vary. Sentence to be constructed should be based on the students’ ideas
or thoughts.
What’s New
1. Problem – The Philippines is located in an area affected by natural disasters and
one of which is the flooding.
2. Solution - To address flooding and destroying lives and properties, the
government rehabilitates old pumping stations, and builds new ones to support
the dam and moves families along waterways to safer ground. Upgraded pumping
stations can hold more capacity of water especially during typhoons and can filter
the wastes beside the water areas.
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. E
5. B
Independent Assessment 1
➢ Answers may vary.
Answer Key
 18
Independent Activity 2
1. J
2. D
3. I
4. H
5. C
6. F
7. B
8. G
9. A
10. E
Independent Assessment 2
➢ Answers may vary.
Independent Activity 3
➢ Answers may vary.
Independent Assessment 3
➢ Answers may vary.
What I have Learned, What I can Do, and Additional Activity
Answers may vary.
Assessment
1. cause
2. cause
3. cause
4. effect
5. cause
6. cause
7. cause
8. cause
9. effect
10. effect
B.
11. because
12. should
13. in order to
14. consequently
15. consequently
 References

A. Books

Gordon, Eugenia E. Ed.D et al, English Expressways textbook English Third Year. Quezon
City, Philippines: SD Publications, INC.

B. Electronic Sources

Donald E. Morton, “Problem and Solution”. 2011

https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/
problem-and%20solution/

Emily Kissner, “Understanding text- structure”. 2013

https://www.slideshare.net/aelowans/understanding-textstructurepowerpoint

Dr. Kristen McNeill “Problem Solution Essay Scoring Guide” Last Modified on October 12,
2017
https://www.washoeschools.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=2
0866&ViewID=C9E0416E-F0E7-4626-AA7B
C14D59F72F85&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=21519&PageID=9798&Comments=true
&fbclid=IwAR0fOXCOjqtRmvllG5h5gFMmdpu1aPFy02dEkUTdSmfsWpkDPY6nkFA
7UVE

Shane Mac Donnchaidh, “Cause and Effect in reading and writing”. 2015
Innovative Teaching Ideas - A registered Australian Company ABN 44 634 115 316
https://www.literacyideas.com/teaching-cause-effect-inenglish#:~:text=It%20is%20
the%20reason%20that, effect%20is%20the%20what%20happened.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: [email protected]

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