BASKETBALL
Basketball was invented by James Naismith in 1891.
Originated in United States
James Naismith is a physical education instructor at the YMCA training school in Massachusetts.
The first collegiate game, with five players each team was played in 1896 in Iowa City, USA.
Nature of the Game
is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a
rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a ball through a defenders hoop, while
preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
A field goal is worth two points, unless made from behind the three-point line, when it is worth three. After a foul,
timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one, two or three one-
point free throws. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but if regulation play expires with
the score tied, an additional period of play (overtime) is mandated.
The five players on each side fall into five playing positions. The tallest player is usually the centre, the second-
tallest and strongest is the power forward, a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward, and the
shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard, who implements the coach's
game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning). Informally, players
may play three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one.
Basketball has evolved to become one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. The National
Basketball Association (NBA) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of
popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition. The FIBA Basketball World Cup and Men's Olympic
Basketball Tournament are the major international events of the sport and attract top national teams from around
the world.
The main objective of basketball is to make a goal and score points. A goal is made by
shooting the ball through the basket or hoop. The goal post or basket for a team is in the
opponent's court.
Facilities and Equipments
The only essential equipment in basketball is the basket and the court; a flat, rectangular surface with
baskets at opposites ends.
Basketball Court
A regular 3x3 court playing surface is 15m wide x 11m long.
The court has a regular basketball playing court sized zone, including a free throw line (5.80m), a two point line
(6.75m) and a “no-charge semi-circle” area underneath the one basket.
Half a traditional basketball court may be used.
The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide, measured from the inner edge
of the boundary line.
The backcourt is the team’s own basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court limited
by their own end line, side lines and centre line.
The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing
court limited by the end lines behind the opponents’ basket, side lines and inner edge of the centre line nearest
to the opponents’ basket.
Boundary line
The playing court is limited by the boundary line, consisting of end lines and the side lines. These lines are not
part of the playing court.
Any obstruction including seated team bench personnel is at least 2m from the playing court.
The court is marked by a further boundary line in a contrasting colour and is 2m wide minimum.
Centre line, centre circle and free throw semi-circles
The centre line is marked parallel to the end lines from the midpoint of the side lines. It extends 0.15m beyond
each sideline. The centre line is part of the backcourt.
The centre circle is marked in the centre of the playing court and has a radius of 1.80m measured to the outer
edge of the circumference. If the inside of the centre circle is painted, it must be the same colour as the
restricted areas.
The free throw semi-circles are marked on the playing court with a radius of 1.80m measured to the outer edge
of the circumference and with their centres at the midpoint of the free throw lines.
Free throw lines, restricted areas and free throw rebound places
The free throw line is drawn parallel to each endline. Its furthest edge is 5.8m from the inner edge of the endline
and is 3.6m long. Its midpoint lies on the imaginary line joining the midpoint of the two endlines.
The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the endlines, the extended
free throw lines and the lines which originate at the end lines. Their outer edges are 2.45m from the midpoint of
the end lines and terminates at the outer edge of the extended free throw lines. These lines, excluding the end
lines, are part of the restricted area.
Backboard
A backboard i a piece of basketball equipment, it is raised vertical board with basket attached. It is made of flat
rigid materials, often plexi glass. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and international basketball.
Size: Width: 6 feet (72 inches), Height 3.5 feet (42 inches).
Size of Basketball rim: Diameter: 18”
Basket Net
The net shall be made by a white cord.
Shall be suspended to the ring
No less than 400mm and no 450 in length.
Have 12 loops to attached in the ring
The Ball – The ball is round and the outer casing should be either leather, rubber or other suitable synthetic
materials.
Circumference – between 75 and 78cm. (29.5 and 30.25 inches)
Weight – 600 and 650 grams (20 to 22 oz.)
Air Pressure – around 8lbs.
Clothing
Players each team should wear the same outfits which must no clash with the opposing team and wear a
numbered shirt and no two players in the same team should wear the same number.
Loose fitting shorts for mobility and sleeveless vests are the standard attire.
Basketball shoes should be rubber-soled and protected ankle supports, although this is not necessary.
Most important is make sure that your outfit is comfortable.
Game Clock
This is the clock that runs whenever the ball is in play, and stops whenever the ball goes out of bounds or when
a foul is committed.
In NBA the clock is 12 minutes per quarter (4 quarters), 10 minutes in WNBA.
Scoreboard
The scoreboard is a large board for publicly displaying the score in a game match.
