ANDROID PROGRAMMING

MODULE 3
 MODULE 3
SYLLABUS

User interfaces development in android - building UI completely in code, UI using

XML, UI in XML with code, Android's common controls - Text controls, button
controls, checkbox control, radio button controls, image view, date and time
controls, map view control.

understanding adapters, adapter views, list view, grid view, spinner control, gallery
control, styles and themes.

Understanding layout managers - linear layout manager, table layout manager,

relative layout manager, frame layout manager, grid layout manager.

Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)

1. Which controls are used to select date and time?

Ans: Date picker and Time picker
2. Which method is called to clear all radio button within the radio group?
Ans: clearCheck()
3. List any 5 basic controls in android?
Ans:
● TextView.
● EditText.
● AutoCompleteTextView.
● Button.
● ImageButton.
● ToggleButton.
● CheckBox.
● RadioButton.
4. What is view in android?
Ans : View is the basic building block of UI(User Interface) in android. View refers to
the android. It can be an image, a piece of text, a button or anything that an android
application can display.
5. What is the difference between android:gravity and android:layout_gravity?
Ans :android:layout_gravity attribute is used by child views to tell their parent how
they want to be placed inside it, while android:gravity is used by the parent layout
to tell the child views how they should be placed inside it.

Paragraph Questions
6. How to implement MapView in android?
Ans: Step 1. Download Android Studio
Follow the guides to download and install Android Studio.
Step 2. Install the Google Play services SDK
Add Google Play services to Android Studio.
Step 3. Create a Google Maps project
Step 4. Set up a Google Maps API key

Step 5. Look at the code

By default, the XML file that defines the app's layout is

at res/layout/activity_maps.xml

Step 6.Connect an Android device

Step 7. Deploy and run your app

7. Show the syntax of button in xml.

Ans: A button consists of text or an icon (or both text and an icon) that
communicates what action occurs when the user touches it.Depending on whether
you want a button with text, an icon, or both, you can create the button in your
layout in three ways:1}With text, using the Button class:

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button_text"
... />

2)With an icon, using the ImageButton class:

 <ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/button_icon"
android:contentDescription="@string/button_icon_desc"
... />

3)With text and an icon, using the Button class with

the android:drawableLeft attribute:

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button_text"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/button_icon"
... />

8. What is the purpose of directory layout?

Ans : Within an Android project structure, the most frequently edited folders are: src
- Java source files associated with your project. ... res - Resource files associated with
your project. All graphics, strings, layouts, and other resource files are stored in the
resource file hierarchy under the res directory.
9. What is layout? Give brief description of any 3 layouts.
Ans : layouts are subclasses of ViewGroup class and a typical layout defines the
visual structure for an Android user interface and can be created either at run time
using View/ViewGroup objects or you can declare your layout using simple XML file
main_layout.xml which is located in the res/layout folder of your project.
Android LinearLayout is a view group that aligns all children in either vertically or
horizontally.
Android TableLayout going to be arranged groups of views into rows and columns.
You will use the <TableRow> element to build a row in the table. Each row has zero
or more cells; each cell can hold one View object.
 Android RelativeLayout enables you to specify how child views are positioned
relative to each other. The position of each view can be specified as relative to sibling
elements or relative to the parent.
An Absolute Layout lets you specify exact locations (x/y coordinates) of its children.
Absolute layouts are less flexible and harder to maintain than other types of layouts
without absolute positioning.
Frame Layout is designed to block out an area on the screen to display a single item.
Generally, FrameLayout should be used to hold a single child view, because it can be
difficult to organize child views in a way that's scalable to different screen sizes
without the children overlapping each other.
Android ListView is a view which groups several items and display them in vertical
scrollable list. The list items are automatically inserted to the list using an Adapter
that pulls content from a source such as an array or database.
Android GridView shows items in two-dimensional scrolling grid (rows & columns)
and the grid items are not necessarily predetermined but they automatically
inserted to the layout using a ListAdapter.
10. Explain spinner control and its purpose by giving suitable example.
Ans: Android Spinner is a view similar to the dropdown list which is used to select
one option from the list of options. It provides an easy way to select one item from
the list of items and it shows a dropdown list of all values when we click on it. The
default value of the android spinner will be the currently selected value and by using
Adapter we can easily bind the items to the spinner objects.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--Constraint layout which contain Spinner widget-->
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.androi
d.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.geeksforgeeks.Spinner.MainActivity">
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/coursesspinner"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_width="160dp" android:layout_marginEnd="10dp"
android:layout_marginStart="10dp" android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"/></android.support.constraint.Constrai
ntLayout>
Essay Questions
10.Briefly explain the following layout managers
a. Linear layout
b. Table layout
c. Relative layout
d. Grid layout
Ans: Linear Layout

LinearLayout is a view group that aligns all children in a single direction, vertically
or horizontally. You can specify the layout direction with
the android:orientation attribute. All children of a LinearLayout are stacked one after
the other, so a vertical list will only have one child per row, no matter how wide they
are, and a horizontal list will only be one row high (the height of the tallest child,
plus padding). A LinearLayout respects margins between children and
the gravity (right, center, or left alignment) of each child.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="16dp"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/to" />
</LinearLayout>
b. Table layout-Android TableLayout going to be arranged groups of views into rows
and columns. You will use the <TableRow> element to build a row in the table. Each
row has zero or more cells; each cell can hold one View object.

android:id-This is the ID which uniquely identifies the layout.

android:collapseColumns-This specifies the zero-based index of the columns to

collapse. The column indices must be separated by a comma: 1, 2, 5.

android:shrinkColumns-The zero-based index of the columns to shrink. The column

indices must be separated by a comma: 1, 2, 5.
 android:stretchColumns-The zero-based index of the columns to stretch. The
column indices must be separated by a comma: 1, 2, 5. Following will be the
content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file −

<TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<TableRow
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<TextView
android:text="Time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_column="1" />

<TextClock
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/textClock"
android:layout_column="2" />

</TableRow>

c. Relative layout
Android RelativeLayout enables you to specify how child views are positioned relative to each other. The
position of each view can be specified as relative to sibling elements or relative to the parent.
 android:id-This is the ID which uniquely identifies the layout.

android:gravity-This specifies how an object should position its

content, on both the X and Y axes. Possible values are top, bottom,
left, right, center, center_vertical, center_horizontal etc.

android:ignoreGravity-This indicates what view should not be affected

by gravity.

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="16dp" >

<EditText
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:hint="@string/reminder" />

<LinearLayout
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/name">

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="New Button"
android:id="@+id/button" />

</LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

d. Grid Layout

In Android GridLayout, we can specify the number of columns and

rows that the grid will have. We can customize the GridLayout
according to our requirements, like setting the size, color or the
margin for the Layout.
So, a GridLayout basically places its children in a rectangular grid.
This grid has a set of a number of thin lines that separate the view
area into cells. Suppose you have a grid of N columns, then we will
have N+1 grid indices that would be starting from 0.
<GridLayout
xmlns:android= “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android: id= “@+id/GridLayout”
android: layout_width= “match_parent”
android: layout_height= “match_parent”
</GridLayout>
To add children to Android GridLayout, we can specify them in
the <GridLayout> tag. To do it, you can consider the following code:
<GridLayout
xmlns:android= “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android: id= “@+id/GridLayout”
android: layout_width= “match_parent”
android: layout_height= “match_parent”
android:column= “1”
android:row= “1”
<RadioButton
android:id= “@+id/but1”
android:layout_column= “0”
android:layout_row= “0”
android:text= “Radio Button”
>
<RadioButton
android:id= “@+id/but2”
android:layout_column= “0”
android:layout_row= “1”
android:text= “Radio Button”
 >

</GridLayout>

11. What are checkboxes and radio buttons? Write a sample code to show the use of
check boxes and radio buttons in android.

Ans: a.Check Box

Checkboxes allow the user to select one or more options from a set. Typically,
you should present each checkbox option in a vertical list.
create each checkbox option, create a CheckBox in your layout. Because a set of checkbox
options allows the user to select multiple items, each checkbox is managed separately and
you must register a click listener for each one. When the user selects a checkbox,
the CheckBox object receives an on-click event.

To define the click event handler for a checkbox, add the android:onClick attribute to
the <CheckBox> element in your XML layout.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<CheckBox android:id="@+id/checkbox_meat"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/meat"
android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"/>
<CheckBox android:id="@+id/checkbox_cheese"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/cheese"
android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"/>
</LinearLayout>
public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) {
// Is the view now checked?
boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked();

// Check which checkbox was clicked

switch(view.getId()) {
case R.id.checkbox_meat:
if (checked)
// Put some meat on the sandwich
else
 // Remove the meat
break;
case R.id.checkbox_cheese:
if (checked)
// Cheese me
else
// I'm lactose intolerant
break;
// TODO: Veggie sandwich
}
}
b.Radio button

RadioButton is a two states button which is either checked or unchecked. If a single radio
button is unchecked, we can click it to make checked radio button. Once a radio button is
checked, it cannot be marked as unchecked by user.

RadioButton is generally used with RadioGroup. RadioGroup contains several radio

buttons, marking one radio button as checked makes all other radio buttons as unchecked.