1.

Switch Gear:
Switchgear is a combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit
breakers used to control, protect, and isolate electrical equipment. It is used in
both high and low voltage applications.
2. Fuse:
A fuse is a safety device consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an
electric circuit if the current exceeds a safe level, thus protecting the circuit from
damage due to overcurrent.
3. Circuit-Breaker (CB):
A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. It
functions by automatically interrupting current flow when it detects an
abnormal condition.
4. Prospective Current:
Prospective current refers to the maximum current that can flow through a
circuit under short-circuit conditions, typically used for sizing protective devices
such as fuses or circuit breakers.
5. Consumer:
In the context of electrical engineering, a consumer refers to any device or
equipment that consumes electrical energy.
6. Power Station:
A power station, also known as a power plant or generating station, is an
industrial facility used to generate electric power by converting various forms of
energy, such as fossil fuels, nuclear, or renewable sources, into electrical energy.
7. Fossil Fuel:
Fossil fuels are natural fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and
animals that have been buried and exposed to heat and pressure over millions
of years. Common examples include coal, oil, and natural gas.
8. Efficiency:
Efficiency in the context of energy refers to the ratio of useful energy output to
the total energy input, typically expressed as a percentage. It measures how
effectively energy is converted from one form to another or utilized in a process.
9. Protective Relay:
A protective relay is an electromechanical or electronic device designed to
detect abnormal conditions, such as overcurrent, under voltage, or overvoltage,
in an electrical system and initiate appropriate corrective actions, such as
tripping circuit breakers or isolating faulty equipment.
10. Current Rating of the Fuse Element:
The current rating of a fuse element refers to the maximum current that the fuse
can safely carry continuously without opening.
11. Fusing Current:
Fusing current is the current at which a fuse element melts or opens the circuit
under fault conditions.
12. Fusing Factor:
The fusing factor is a ratio that represents the relationship between the
minimum fusing current and the rated current of a fuse. It indicates how quickly
the fuse will blow under short-circuit conditions relative to its rated current.
13. Cut-off Current:
Cut-off current refers to the maximum current that a protective device, such as a
circuit breaker or fuse, can interrupt or "cut off" without sustaining damage.
14. Pre-Arcing Time:
Pre-arcing time is the time taken by a protective device, such as a circuit breaker
or fuse, to respond and interrupt the circuit when a fault occurs, before the
formation of an electrical arc.
15. Arcing Time:
Arcing time is the duration of the electric arc that forms between contacts of a
switchgear or circuit breaker when it opens during fault conditions.
16. Total Operating Time:
Total operating time is the sum of the pre-arcing time and arcing time,
representing the time taken by a protective device to respond and interrupt the
circuit during a fault condition.
17. Breaking Capacity:
Breaking capacity, also known as interrupting rating, is the maximum current
that a circuit breaker or fuse can safely interrupt or "break" under specified
conditions without sustaining damage.
18. Semi-Enclosed Re-wireable Fuse (KIT KAT Fuse):
A semi-enclosed re-wireable fuse, commonly known as a KIT KAT fuse, is a type
of fuse that consists of a replaceable fuse wire housed within a ceramic or
porcelain body. It is designed to be manually replaced or rewired after the fuse
blows due to overcurrent.
19. High Rupturing Capacity Cartridge Fuse (H.R.C) Fuse:
An H.R.C fuse is a type of fuse with a high rupturing capacity, capable of safely
interrupting high fault currents without sustaining damage. It typically consists
of a cartridge containing a fusible element and is used in applications requiring
higher breaking capacities.
20. Fuse Law:
Fuse law refers to the relationship between the current flowing through a fuse
and the time it takes for the fuse to blow or open under fault conditions. It
describes the characteristic behavior of the fuse element in response to
overcurrent.
21. Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Current:
Symmetrical current refers to a fault current that is evenly distributed in all
phases of a three-phase electrical system, whereas unsymmetrical current refers
to a fault current that is not evenly distributed among phases, typically
occurring in asymmetrical faults such as line-to-line or line-to-ground faults.
22. Circuit Breaker:
A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. It
functions by automatically interrupting current flow when it detects an
abnormal condition.
23. R.R.R.V. (Rated Recovery Voltage):
R.R.R.V. stands for Rated Recovery Voltage, which is the voltage that a circuit
breaker is designed to withstand across its contacts during the recovery period
after interruption of a fault current.
24. Rated Nominal Current:
Rated nominal current refers to the current value specified by the manufacturer
as the maximum continuous current that a device, such as a circuit breaker or
fuse, is designed to carry under normal operating conditions.
25. Star Connection:
Star connection, also known as wye connection, is a method of connecting
three-phase electrical loads or generators where each load or generator is
connected to a common point called the neutral, while the other ends are
connected to the phases of the electrical system.
26. Delta Connection:
Delta connection is a method of connecting three-phase electrical loads or
generators in which the ends of each phase winding are connected in series to
form a closed loop resembling the Greek letter delta (Δ).
27. Line Current:
Line current refers to the current flowing through each conductor or phase of a
three-phase electrical system. In a balanced three-phase system, the line current
is equal to the phase current.
28. Phase Current:
Phase current refers to the current flowing through each phase of a three-
phase electrical system. In a balanced three-phase system, the phase current is
equal to the line current.
29. Full Recovery Current:
Full recovery current is the current at which a circuit breaker is capable of
interrupting a fault without suffering damage and can be immediately reclosed
without the risk of reignition or restrike.
30. Transient Recovery Current:
Transient recovery current is the current that flows in a circuit during the
interruption of a fault by a circuit breaker and decays exponentially over time
due to the system impedance and circuit breaker characteristics.