Hydraulic lab
Lift table & Hopper door control & Machine feed (metering “out”)
Supervised by:
Eng. Mohammed AL_Maswary
Done by :
Abdulmalik AL_Nahari
Exercise 7. Lift Table
Introduction:
Boxes, which are fed along a conveyor belt, are to be lifted to a second belt by means of a lift table. The
table is to be controlled by means of a double acting cylinder, this cylinder will extend when a lever
operated directional control valve is switched and remain extended until such time that the valve is
reselected to its initial position.
Equipment Required:
a) 1 off Double acting cylinder
b) 1 off4/2 way lever actuated, directional control valve
c) 1 off Pressure relief valve
d) 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank e) Connection hoses as required
Simulation
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Question:
1) What do the letters P, T, A, and B marked upon ports of the hydraulic valves
represent?
P = Pump.
T = Tank.
A & B = Actuator ports (cylinder ports).
2) List five (5) methods of operating a spool valve:
• Solenoid operation: Electric solenoid actuates the spool valve.
• Manual operation: spool valve can be operated manually using a lever or handle.
• Mechanical linkage operation: Mechanical linkage, such as a cam or lever,
operates the spool valve.
• Hydraulic pressure operation: Hydraulic pressure actuates the spool valve.
• Pilot pressure operation: Small pilot valve or pilot pressure controls the movement
of the spool.
3) With a standard double acting cylinder more force is created as the piston
extends than when it retracts (in application without pressure control), why
is this?
the force is generated during the extension stroke compared to the retraction stroke
primarily due to the pressure difference between the two ends of the cylinder. During
extension, pressurized fluid is supplied to the cap end of the cylinder, creating a higher
pressure and resulting in a greater force exerted on the piston. In contrast, during
retraction, fluid is supplied to the rod end of the cylinder, typically at a lower pressure,
leading to a reduced force during this stroke.
Exercise 8. Hopper Door Control
Introduction:
Bulk Material is to be emptied from a hopper at varying rates by means of a double acting
cylinder controlled by a 4/3-way directional control valve (DCV).
Equipment Required:
a) 1 off Double acting cylinder.
b) 1 off 4/3 Way directional control valve.
c) 1 off Pressure relief valve.
d) 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank Connection hoses as required.
Simulation:
? (Is ) ? (Is )
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Question:
1) What advantage does the 4/3 way directional control valve (shown below)
provide when the center position ‘o’ is selected?
• Reduces power consumption.
• Heat at low level.
• Desirable for one cylinder.
• Pump and motor horsepower are low.
2) With a standard double acting cylinder the piston retracts at a greater
speed than it extends (in an application without speed control), what is it
that causes this?
In a standard double acting cylinder, the greater speed of retraction is caused by a
pressure difference between the two sides of the piston. When the directional control
valve shifts to retract the piston, the fluid pressure on the rod end decreases, causing
the piston to retract faster. This pressure imbalance results in the differential speeds of
extension and retraction.
Understanding this concept is crucial for designing and troubleshooting hydraulic
systems.
3) The 4/3 way DCV’s used in this exercise have different centre conditions,
complete the three symbols shown below, showing three other versions of
center conditions: -
? (Isps)
? (Ispl) ? (Is) ? (Is)
Exercise 9. Machine Feed (Metering “Out”)
Introduction:
On a machine tool e.g. surface grinder, components are to be fed by means of an
hydraulic cylinder, controlled by a lever operated directional control valve (DCV). Upon
operation of this DCV the cylinder is to extend slowly (and adjustable), while the
machining operation takes place. The cylinder continues to extend and will stop at the
end of its stroke, until the DCV is reset, the cylinder will then retract at its normal speed
until the cylinder reaches the end of its stroke.
Equipment Required:
a) 1 off Double acting cylinder
b) 1 off 4/2 Way directional control valve
c) 1 off Pressure relief valve d) 1 off Flow control valve
e) 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank Connection hoses as required.
Simulation:
? (Is ) ? (Is )
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Question:
1) What is the function of a flow control valve?
1. Regulate the speed of linear and rotary actuators.
2. Regulate the power available to the sub-circuits by controlling the flow to them.
3. Proportionally divide or regulate the pump flow to various branches of the circuit.
2) What does the term “Meter Out” mean?
Meter in circuit out circuit for flow control during the extend stroke.
When the cylinder extends, the flow out of the cylinder is controlled using the flow
control valve (metering orifice). On the other hand, when the cylinder retracts, the flow
passes through the check valve unopposed, bypassing the needle valve. Thus, only the
speed during the extend stroke is controlled
3) List one disadvantage of “Metering Out” when controlling the speed of a
cylinder:
the flow coming from the pump into the cylinder is not controlled directly
