Ancient/Medieval Timeline

Made with ❤ from MM

Ha Si Na Ma - Trick for Magadha Empire - Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Mauryan

A K A K - Trick for Buddhist Council Organizers - Ajatshatru, Kalashoka, Ashoka, Kanishka

Su Ka Fo - Trick for Later Ancient India - Sungas, Kanvas, Foreign Dynasty (ISPK) - Indo Greeks, Shakas, Kushanas

Kanishka - Na ChA Va - Nagarjuna, Charak, Ashvaghosha, Vasumitra

If something says that this was the invention of this person in History i.e - Revenue, Military System - It is generally incorrect

Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!

Anga Mahajanpadas Champa

Sarnath -
Kashi Mahajanpadas Varanasi Dhammachakraparvartana
(1st Sermon)

Ayodhya, Saket,
Kosala Mahajanpadas
Shravasti

Vajji Mahajanpadas

Mallas Mahajanpadas Kushinara Buddha’s last rites

Kuru Mahajanpadas Indraprastha Mahabharata

Matsya Mahajanpadas

Panini - Ashtadhyayi
Gandhara Mahajanpadas Taksh Takshilla
(Reference)

Avanti Mahajanpadas Ujjain/Mahismati

Bimbisara
554 - 492 BCE Haryanka Magadh (MJ) Rajgir/Patliputra Buddhism Matrimonial Alliance
(Founder)

492 - 460 BCE Haryanka Ajat Shatru 1st Buddhist Council

460 - 444 BCE Haryanka Udayin Established Patliputra

Succeeded By Naga/Sishunaga Kalashoka Vaishali 2nd Buddhist Council

•
Mahapadmananda
Defeated Sisunaga,
Succeeded By Nanda [Ekarath] Rajgir/Patliputra Alexander came to India
Conquered Kalinga
(Founder)
• Dhanananda

Achaemenian Annexed Punjab, West Kharosti Script Introduced

516 BCE Darius & Xeres
Ruler of Iran Indus & Sindh in India

Direct contact b/w India

Greeks Alexander Returned back
& Greece

• Kautilya (Arthasastra)

• Megasthenes (Indica)

• Bhadrabahu (Jain
Monk)
In South India:
• Cholas (Kaveripatnam) • Tosali - East
- Uraiyur: Cotton Trade • Taxila - North
• Defeated Selecus
• Cheras also called • Suvanrnagiri - South
Nicator
Chandra Gupta Kerelaputras • Ujjayini - West
300 - 200 BCE Mauryan North India Patliputra
Maurya (Founder) Capital - Vanji • Mudraraksha Drama by
• Embraced Jaininsm
Port - Muziris Vishakadatta (Gupta
• BHEL
King - Senguttuvan Period) - How CGM
• Pandyas in Madhurai defeated Dhananda
- Sangam Literature
- Ruled by Women
- Tolkapiyyam written by
Tolkapiyyar
- Silapatikaram : Elango
Adigar
• Alexander the Great

Bindusara Followed Ajivika Sect

• Dhammaghosha
Imp Functionaries:
• Samahatra
• Sannidhata • Major Rock Edicts
• Rajukas • Minor Rock Edicts
• Dhammamahamatras • Separate Rock Edicts
273 - 232 BCE North India Ashoka
• Major/Minor Pillar Edicts
- 3rd Buddhist Council • Barabar Caves - Oldest
Rock Cut Cave
Inscription
Script - Brahmi
Language - Prakrit

• Last ruler of Mauryan

Dynasty
185 BCE
Brihadratha • Overthrown by
(Decline)
Pushyamitra

187 to 73 BCE Sunga North India Pushyamitra • Ashwamedha Patanjali (Astadhyayi) Brahmanas (Vaishnavism)

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 1
 Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!

• Kalidasa
(Malvikaagnimitram) Heliodorous got inspired
Agnimitra
Heliodorous (Besangar by Bhavatasect
Pillar, MP)

Chedis - Ruled over

Odisha
- Ruler - Kharvela
73 to 28 BCE Kanvas West India Vasudeva
- Hathigumpha
Inscription

• Simuka • Matrilineal Dynasty

200 BCE - 200 (Founder) • Nanaghat Inscription • Prakrit Language
Satvahanas
CE • Gautamiputra • Sanchi Stupa • Longest Dynasty after
Satkarni Maurya

190 BCE - 100 • Gandhara Art

Indo Greek Foreign • Meander • Nagsena (Milindpano) • Also called Bacterians
CE • Science & Astronomy

Shakas • Maues Got defeated by CG - 2

57 BC • Vikram Samvat
(Scythians) • Rudradaman - 1 (Vikramaditya)

247 BC to 224
Parthians From Iran
AD

Kushanas Kujala Kadphises • Gold Coins - Many Most Powerful Foreign

(Yuechis) (Founder) Shiva Images Rules

• Founded Shaka Era

• Nagarjuna
(78AD) • Peak of Gandhara Art &
• Charak (Charak
• Sushruta Art
Samhita)
78 AD Kanishka 4th Buddhist Council • Sushruta
• Asvaghosha
• (Sushrutasamhita) in
(Biddhacharita)
Mahayana Gupta Period
• Vasumitra

• Tolkkapiyaar
(Tolkkappiyam) -
• Korkai Port
• Mudukudummi Grammar Text Depiction of works in
Pandyas Madhurai • Sangam Literature
• Nedujeliyan • Tisuvalluvara Megasthenes (Indica)
(Tirukkural) -
“Bible of Tamil Land”

• Navy
• Located b/w Pennar &
Chola Karikala Puhar • Kaveripatnam Port
Velar Rivers
• Uraiyur - Cotton Trade

Cheran Sen • Muziris Port • Elango Adigal

Chera Vanji Also called Kerela Putras
Guttuvan • Tondi Port (Silapadikaran)

• Literary Assemblies
3 BC - 3 AD Sangam Period
• Sangam Assemblies

1st Gupta King

Sri Gupta
320 - 550 AD Guptas Patliputra mentioned in Allahabad
(Founder)
Pillar Inscription

Adopted Title -
320 AD Chandra Gupta 1 • Used Prakrit Language
“Maharajadhiraja”

• “Indian Napolean” by
• Allahabad Pillar Vincent Smith
Inscription by Harisena • Meghvarna - KIng of
calls him Great Musician Srilanka - Permission to
• Harisena
340 AD Samundragupta • Prayag Prasishthi build monastery & guest
• Ashvamedhayajana house for Buddhist
• Issued Gold Coins Pilgrims in Bodh Gaya
• ERAN Inscription, MP • Also called
Kaviraja

• Kalidasa (Meghduta,
Raghuvamsa,
Kumarasambhava)
Drama -
Abhijnashakuntalam
• Fa Hein
• Amarsimha
• Est. matrimonial alliance
• Temples made of (Amarkosha)
Ujjain (2nd with Vakatakas
380 AD Chandra Gupta 2 Nagara Style • Vishakhadatta
Capital) • Adopted Title -
• Sanchi & Tigwa, MP (Mudrarakshas,
“Vikramaditya”
Devichandraguptam)
• Dhanvantri
• Varamihira
(Panchsiddantika, Brihat
Samhita)
• Varuruchi (Commentary
on Ashtadhyaya)

• Est. Nalanda
413 AD Kumargupta 1
University

Hunas - Greatest Enemy

455 AD Skandagupta
from Central Asia

Vakataka Guptas

475 - 776 AD Maitraka Gujarat Vallabhi

600 AD Maukhari Uttar Pradesh Kanyakubja

600 - 900 AD Gour West Bengal

550 - 750 AD Pushyabhuti, Haryana Harshavardhana Thaneshvara • Ratnavalli • Banabhatta

Vardhana • Priyadarshi (Harshacharita)

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 2
 Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!
• Nagananda • Hiuen Tsang (Kannauj
• Worshipped Assembly)
Buddhism
• Prayag Assembly -
Precursor for Kumbh

• Ladkhan Temple -
Vesara Style • Hindu & Jain Temples -
600 - 750 AD Chalukyas Pulakeshin 1 Vatapi, Badami
• Badami Caves - Shiva & Vishnu
UNESCO WHS

• Aihole Inscription by • Vardhanas • Defeated

Pulakeshin 2
Ravi Kirti • Ravi Kirti Harshvardhana

• Simhavishnu • Rock Cut Temples

• Mahendravarman 1
(Founder) • Temples dedicated to
wrote Matta Vilas
• Mahabharata
Prahasana (Drama Story
550 - 890 AD Pallavas Mahendravarman Chalukyas • Narsimhavarman (Also
of Drunkyard)
1 called Vatapikonda)
• Mammallapuram
• Narsimhavarman defeated Pulakeshin 2
(Narsimhavarman 1)
1

Gurjara Invasion of Moh. Bin

Nagabhata II Mohammad Bin Qasim
Pratihara Qasim (712 AD) - Lost

• Kailashnath Temple • Tripartite Struggle b/w

750 - 1000 AD Rastrakutas • Ellora Caves, MH - Palas, Pratiharas &
UNESCO WHS Rastrakutas

• Brihadisvara Temple,
Thanjavur, TN by
• Rajaraja I Rajarajeshwari I • Mohammad Ghazni
• Dethroned Pallava
985 - 1014 AD Imperial Cholas • Rajendra Tanjavore •
Dynasty
• Rajadhiraja Gangaikondacholapuram • Raja Bhoj
Temple by Rajendra

Mohmmad Ghori Invasion

(1191-92 AD) - Battle of
Tarain
1000 - 1200 AD Rajput Kingdom Chauhan Prithviraj Chauhan Mohmmad Ghori
1st Battle - LOST

2nd Battle - WON

Mohammad Ghazni
Solanki Bhimdev 1 Mohammad Ghazni invasion - Eroded Hindu
Shahi Dynasty

Parmar Bhoj

Known as “City of Gods”

Chandela Nannuka Khajuraho
given by Al Biruni

Gadhvala

Tomar

Mohmmad Ghori Invasion

Vaghela Mohammad Ghori (1178 AD) - Battle of
Kayadra (Lost)

1100 - 1200 AD Ganga Odisha Anantvarman

Yadava

Marco Polo, Venetian -

1292 - 94 AD Kakatiya
Motupalli Port

Sena

Hoysala

Al-Biruni (Tahqiqat-ul-
Hind):Caste System
4 Social Categories
Mahmud of
1100 AD Gujarat Started IQTA System 1. Knights & Prices • Looted Somnath Temple
Ghazni
2. Monks & Lawyers
3. Physician, Scientists
4. Peasants & Artisans

Mahmud of Ghori • Est. Turkish Dynasty

Beginning of Medieval
1206 - 1526 Delhi Sultanate
India

• Quwwat-ul-Islam
• Also called Lal Baksh
• Lahore • Slave Dynasty also
Qutubuddin Aibak • Adhai Din ka Jhopda
called
1206 - 1290 Slave Dynasty (Founder) : 1206 - •
• Later shifted to “Mameluq/Ilabari”
1210 Qutub Minar >>
Delhi
Qutubbudin Bakhtiyar
• Died while playing Polo
Kaki

• Turk-i-Chahalgani •
Chalisa - Group of “40 • Real Founder
People”
• 3rd Battle of Tarain
• Minhaj-i-Siraj (Tabaqat-
Iltutmish : 1211- • IQTA System - (1217)
i-Nasiri)
1236 Revenue
• Jalaluddin Mangbarani
• Copper Coins - Jital (1211) - Prevented Mongol
Attack (Chengiz Khan)
• Silver Coins - Tanka

Razia Sultan : • 1st Women Ruler of

1236 - 1240 Delhi Sultanate

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 3
 Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!

• Thatta Rebellion -
Married Altunia

Nasiruddin
Mahmud : 1246 -
1266

• Theory of Kinship
• Sijda
• Paibas
• Abolished Turk-i-
Balban : 1266 - • Nauroz - Iranian New Amir Khusrau (Tuti-e-
Chahalgani
1287 Year Hind)
• Ilbari Turks
• Policy of Blood + Iron
• Diwani-i-Arz - Military
Department

Jalaluddin Khilji
1290 - 1320 Khilji Dynasty Turko-Afgans (Founder) : 1290 - • Devagiri Campaign Yadavas
1296

• Market Reforms -
Shah-nai-Mandi
• Military Reforms -
Daag, Huliya
→ Ek Aspa (Soldier with • Ratan Singh (Chittor) • Mongol Attacks
1 Horse) • Ram Chandra (Deogiri) • Malikafur took
Allaudin Khilji : → Do Aspa (2 Horses) • Prataprudra Deva Kohinoor from
1296 - 1316 • Agrarian Reforms - (Kakatiyas, Warangal) Prataprudra Deva,
Diwan-i-Mustakraz • Khiz Khan (Son) Kakatiyas
→ Ghari (Housetax) • Malikafur (Commander)
→ Cherai (Grazing Tax)
• Espionage System -
Munhiyan → Barid (Spy)

Ghiyasuddin
Tughlaq
1320 - 1414 Tughlaq (Founder) • Name - Ghazi Malik
Dynasty
: 1320 - 1325

• Agriculture
→ Diwan-e-Amir Kohi • Moroccan Traveller :
→ Saundhar Loans Ibn-e-Battuta (Kitab-ul-
• Transfer of Capital Rehla) in Arabic -
Muhammad Bin • Token Currency - Coconut & Paan, Indian • Changed the name of
Delhi -
Delhi Tughlaq : 1325 - Bronze Cities, Postal System: Deogiri to Daulatabad
Daulatabad
1350 1. Uluk - Horse Post • Mongol Attacks
• Khorasan Expedition 2. Dawa - Foot Post
• Qaranchil Expedition - • Vijaynagar Empire
Lost • Bahmani Kingdom

• Also called the “Akbar

of Sultanate”
• Hospitals (Dar-ul-
Shafa) • Transferred Ashokan
• Employment Bureau • Shams Siraj Afif Pillar from Meerut to Delhi
Firoz Shah • Waived off loans • Hasan Gangu (Bahmani • Styled himself as the
Tughlaq : 1350 - • Kharaj (Revenue) Kingdom) Deputy of Khalifah (Egypt)
1388 • Jizya (Religious) • Ziauddin Barani • Est cities:
• Zakat (Donations) (Fatawa-i-Jahandari) 1. Jaunpur
• Khums (Irrigation) 2. Hisar
3. Firozabad
4. Fatehabad
5. Bitayun

1398 Central Asia Taimur Khizr Khan (Governor) • Toppled Slave Dynasty

Provincial
1330 - 1400
Kingdoms

• Harihar and • Muhammad Bin

• SaReGaMa Pillar by
Sangam Bukka (Founder) Tughlaq
Vijaynagar Deva Raya 2
1336 - 1570 Dynasty (1336 • Deva Raya 1 : Hampi, KA • Nicolo De Conti, Italy
Empire • Mahanavami Dibba by
- 1486) (1406- 1422) • Abdur Razaq, Persia:
Krishnadevaraya
• Deva Raya 2 Calicut

Saluva Dynasty Saluva Narasimha

Vasco-de-Gama (1498)
(1486 - 1509) (Founder)

• Babur
• Domingo Paes,
Portuguese
• Durate Barbosa,
Portuguese
• Wrote Aukatmalyada in
Telugu Ashtadiggajas:
• Usha Parinayam &
• Vira Narsimha
Tuluvas Jambhavathi Kalyanam 1. Peddana
(Founder)
Dynasty (1509 in Sanskrit (Manucharitam)
• Krishnadevaraya
- 1542) Temples: 2. Timma
: 1509 - 1529
• Krishnaswamy 3. Dhurjate
• Hazara Ramaswamy 4. Surana
• Vittalaswamy 5. Tenali Ramalingam
(Panduranga)
6. Ayyalaraju
Ramabhadra
7. Rama Raja Bhushan
8. Madaya

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 4
 Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!

Araivedu
Dynasty (1542
onwards)

• Hasan Gangu
Bahmani
1347 (Founder) Gulbarga Muhammad Bin Tughlaq Athanasius, Russian
Kingdom
• Muhammed III

Ahmadnagar
(Nizam Shahi
Dynasty)
Bijapur (Adil
Shahi Dynasty)
• Battle of Talikota, 1565
• Disintegrated from
Shahi Dynasty • Berar - Defeated Vijanagara
Bahmani Dynasty
Empire
• Bidar

• Golconda
(Qutub Shahi
Dynasty)

Adil Shahi • Annexed by Aurangzeb

1489 - 1490 Bijapur Yusuf Adil Shah
Dynasty in 1686

Imad Shahi Fath Ullah imad • Annexed by

1490 Berar
Dynasty Shah Ahmednagar in 1574

Qutub Shahi • Annexed by Aurangzeb

1512 Golconda Qutub Shah
Dynasty in 1687

Barid Shahi
1526 Bidar Amir Ali Barid
Dynasty

Nizam Shahi • Annexed by Shah Jahan

Ahmednagar Malik Ahmed
Dynasty in 1637

Malwa Punjab

Gujarat
Gujarat
Sultanate

Mewar Rajasthan

Deccan
Sultanate

Sharqi Sultans Jaunpur

• Khizr Khan
Saiyyad
1414 - 1451 (Founder)
Dynasty
• Mubarak Khan

Bahlol Lodhi
1451 - 1526 Lodhi Dynasty 1st Afgans (Founder) : 1451 - Sharqi Sultans (Jaunpur)
1484

• Name - Nizam Shah

• Gaz-i-Sikandari (Agri)
• Est. Sikandara • Intolreant
Sikandar Lodhi :
Agra • Gulrukhi Poems Vasco-de-Gama (1498) • Punished Nobles
1489-1517
• Shifted capital : Delhi • Confiscation of Property
to Agra • Destroyed
Temples

• Arrogant and
aggressive ruler
• Issue with Daulat
1st Battle of Panipat,
Ibrahim Lodhi : Khan Lodhi, Rana Sangha,
1526 : Babur vs Ibrahim Babur
1517-1526 Dilawar Khan
Lodhi
• Hence Babur was
invited

• Used cannons in 1st

BOP

• 1st Battle of Panipat,

• Guru Nanak
Babur : 1526 - Biography : Tuzuk-i- 1526
1526 - 1707 Mughals • Kabir
1530 Babari (Turkish)
• Krishnadevaraya
• Battle of Chausa vs
Rana Sanga
• Battle of Chanderi vs
Medini Rai

• Sur - 2nd Afgan Dynasty

• Sher Shah Suri • Battle of Chausa (1539)

• Bairam Khan & Battle of Belgram
Painters: (1540) vs Sher Shah Suri
Humayun : 1530 - • Est. Dinpanah Nagar
• Mir Syed Ali : (Lost)
1540, 1555
• Abdul Samad
• Gulbadan Begum • Iran Shah Tamsap
(Humayun Nama) Advice
• Died after falling from
stairs

1540 - 1545 Sur Empire Sher Shah Suri • Sarkar (Shiqdar) → • Abbas Khan Sarwani • Got the Title “Sher”
Pargana → Bhuktis (Taikh-e-Shershahi) from Bahar Khan Lohani
• Land Survey • Todarmal
→ Jaribana (Land • Battle of Samel, 1544 vs
Survey Tax) Maldeo, Mewar
→ Quality of Land will • Battle of Kalinjar, 1545
decide Tax : Todarmal

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 5
 Timeline Dynasty Kingdom King Capital/City Major Work Contemporary/Courtesan Kuch aur bhi!
• Patta (Title Deed) &
Qubooliyat
• Est. Military Stations/
Cantonments
• Est. Purana Qila
Grand Trunk Road : East
Bengal to Peshawar
• Regular Postal Service
• Started Rupiya

• Bairam Khan
(Commander)
• Abolished Slavery
• Todarmal
• Abolished conversion
to Islam
9 Jewels:
• Abolished Pilgrimage
1. Abdul Rahim (Rahim
Tax • Hemu was the last
Satsai) : Title “Khan-e-
• Abolished Jizya Tax Vikramaditya of India
Khana” given by Akbar
(Religious)
→ Translated
• Rajput Policy • 2nd Battle of Panipat,
Baburnama into Persian
• Est. Matrimonial 1556 : Akbar vs Hemu
Language
Alliance Afgans
2. Abul Fazal
• Est. Ibadat Khana,
(Akbarnama)
1575 • Malwa Campaign vs
3. Birbal - Mahesh Das
Akbar : 1556 - • 1st Jesuit Mission : Bazbahadur
Mughals 4. Faizi (Poet) : Leelavati
1605 Father Monserrate • Chittor vs
(Maths Book)
• Founded Din-u-Ilahi Maharanapratap
5. Raja Man Singh :
→ Secular Laws • Gujarat
Defeated
• Abolished Polygamy
Maharanapratap
• Abolished Child • Battle of Haldighati vs
6. Mulla Do Pyaza
Marriage MahaRanapratap
7. Tansen - Ram Tanu
• Est. Buland Darwaza,
Pandey
Fatehpursikri • Captured Asirgarh
8. Todarmal
• Est. Mansabdari • Dastan-i-Amir Humza
9. Bhagwan Das
System, 1595 : Zat
(Personal Status) +
Painters:
Sawar (Soldiers)
• Tuti Nama
• Baswan
• Daswant

• Married Mehr-un-Nissa
• Portrait Paintings (Nur Jahan)
• Guru Arjun Dev (5th
Jahangir : 1605 - • Court Scenes • Defeated Amar Singh of
Sikh Guru)
27 • Autobiography : Mewar
• Raza (Painter)
Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri • Lost Gandhar
• Beheaded Arjun Dev

• Ramdas (Guru)
• Aurangzeb
• Shahjahan
• Jai Singh - Est. Jantar
Mantar

Ashtapradhan:
• Born in Fort of Shivner
• Chauth - 1//4th
1. Peshwa - PM
Revenue paid for
2. Pratinidhi • Mughal-Maratha
protection
Shivaji : 1627 - 3. Amatya/Majumdar - Struggle : Treaty of
Marathas Raigarh • Sardeshmukhi - 10%
1680 Accountant Purandhar, 1665
tax from outside the
4. Sachiv/Chitnis - Royal
kingdom for Chief
Corr. • Misardars - Hereditary
Headman
5. Senapati - Rights in land
Commander
6. Sumant - Foreign
Affairs
7. Nyaydhish -
Administration
8. Pundit Rao - Religious
Affairs

• Francois Bernier
(Doctor): 1658, French -
Dara Sikoh : King Louis
XIV Courtesan →
Questioned the theory of
• Peacock Throne • Captured Ahmednagar
land ownership
• Taj Mahal (Nizam Shahi Dynasty)
No existence of Pvt.
Shahjahan : 1627 - • Kangra Painting, HP • Captured Bengal
Mughals Property - No
58 • Bani Thani, Kishangarh • Appointed Aurangzeb as
Development:
School Deccan Governor
“Undifferentiated masses
• Gandhar lost forever
of Improvished people.”
• Travernier, French :
Compared India's trade
with Iran
• Manucci, Italy (Doctor)

• Captured Bijapur (Adil

Aurangzeb : 1658
Shivaji Shahi Dynasty), Golkunda
- 1707
(Qutub Shahi Dynasty)

Ancient/Medieval Timeline 6