Computer System Overview
Computer: A Computer is an electronics device that store, retrieve and process data.
Hardware: The physical electronic components of a computer are called hardware.
Software: Software is a set of instructions or programs used to operate computer
and execute specific task.
Computer components and basic computer organization
Computer components
Input Unit: it is responsible for taking input for the computer.
Output Unit: it is responsible for providing the result or output.
CPU: it is responsible for processing the data and instructions.
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): it is responsible for arithmetic
instructions (add, subtract, divide etc.) and making logic decisions (greater then,
less then etc.)
Control Unit (CU): it is responsible for controlling the processing.
Resisters: registers are small units of data holding places within CPU that hold
data and memory address during the processing.
Primary memory: It is the internal volatile memory where data and
instructions are stored during processing. RAM and ROM
Secondary storage: It refers to the external storage devices which provide
permanent memory to the computer.
Secondary Storage
CPU
CU
Input Device ALU Output Device
Primary Memory
Components of a computer system
Computer Organization:
Computer organization refers to the logical structure of a computer describing how its
components are connected to one another
CPU Memory
BUS
Input Unit Output Unit Storage Unit
Basic Computer Organization
Types of software
System software: the software that controls internal computer operations is
called System Software.
Operating System
Language Processor
Device Drivers
Application software: An Application software is the set of program
necessary to carry out operations for a specified application.
Packages
Customized
Developer Tools Application SW
System software
H/W
Working hierarchy in a computer
