Desi

gnPr
ojectRepor
t

Ar
epor
tsubmi
tt
edinpar
ti
alful
fi
ll
mentoft
herequi
rement
sfor
t
heawardofthedegr
eeof

Bachel
orofTechnol
ogy
i
n

El
ect
ri
cal&El
ect
roni
csEngi
neer
ing
By
APJAbdulKal
am Technol
ogi
cal
Uni
ver
sit
y

ANJALISASI
KUMAR(SPT15EE005)
ANUKRISHNAPB(SPT15EE006)
ARJUNPPREMAN( SPT15EE008)
GREESHMAPG(SPT15EE009)
Ei
ght
hSemest
er2015Admi
ssi
on

Depar
tmentofEl
ect
ri
cal
&El
ect
roni
csEngi
neer
ing

Sr
eepat
hyI
nst
it
uteofManagement&Technol
ogy
Vav
anoor,Pal
akkad-
679533
JUNE2019

0
 Depar
tmentofEl
ectr
ical
&El
ect
roni
cs
Engi
neer
ing,
SreepathyI
nst
it
uteofManagement&
TechnologyVav
anoor,
Pal
akkad-679533

CERTI
FICATE

Thi
sist
ocer
ti
fyt
hatt
hisi
sabonaf
ideDesi
gnPr
ojectRepor
tsubmi
tt
ed
by ANJALI SASI
KUMAR (
SPT15EE005)
,ANU KRI
SHNA P B
(
SPT15EE006)
,ARJUN P PREMAN (
SPT15EE008)
,GREESHMA P G
(
SPT15EE009)dur
ingt
heEi
ghtSemest
er(
Academi
cYear2015-
2019)i
n
par
ti
alf
ulf
il
lmentoft
he r
equi
rement
sfort
he Awar
d ofDegr
ee of
Bachel
orofTechnol
ogyi
nEl
ect
ri
cal&El
ect
roni
csEngi
neer
ingbyAPJ
Abdul
Kal
am Uni
ver
sit
y.

Pr
of.
THANKACHENPV SEBI
NSUNNYP
Headoft
heDepar
tment Asst
.
Pr
ofessor
El
ect
ri
cal&El
ect
roni
csEngi
neer
ing EEEDEPT
SI
MAT,
Vav
anoor SI
MAT,
Vav
anoor Vav
anoor
Pal
akkad Pal
akkad

1
 ABSTRACT

Ahear
ingai
d,wor
ninorar
oundawear
er'
sear
,isanel
ect
roacoust
icdev
icet
o
bl
ocknoi
seandenhancet
argetsoundsi
gnalf
ort
hewear
er.Howev
er,t
her
eis
nomet
hodi
ntr
adi
ti
onalhear
ingai
dst
hatcanaut
omat
ical
l
ysepar
atenoi
se
f
rom ar
ecei
vedsi
gnalmi
xtur
e.Especi
all
ywhent
hebacki
ngr
oundi
scompl
ex,
ampl
i
fiedsoundbyat
radi
ti
onalhear
ingai
disst
il
lamul
ti
-sour
cemi
xtur
e,and
i
tswear
ercoul
dnotext
ractt
het
argetsoundasexpect
ed.Asmar
thear
ingai
d
sy
stem i
spr
oposed,consi
sti
ngofanacoust
icpr
oper
tymodel
i
ngmodul
e,an
acoust
icsour
cesepar
ati
onmodul
eandat
argetsour
cer
ecogni
ti
onmodul
e.
Thepr
oposedsol
uti
oncanaut
omat
ical
l
ysepar
ateanacoust
icsour
ceandt
hus
enhancet
het
argetspeaker
'ssoundandf
il
tert
heot
hersounds.Exper
iment
s
wi
tht
hreesour
ceshasbeenconduct
edandt
her
esul
tsshowt
hef
easi
bil
i
tyand

v
ali
dit
yofouri
ntel
l
igenthear
i .
ngai
d

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Iam ext
remel
ythankf
ult
oourDi
rect
or,
Dr.K.
K.Babuf
orgi
vi
ngmehi
s
consentf
orat
tendi
ngi
ndust
ri
alv
isi
t.

Iam i
ndebt
edt
oPr
of.THANKACHENPV,
Headoft
heDepar
tmentof
El
ect
ri
cal&El
ect
roni
cs Engi
neer
ing,f
orhi
sval
uabl
esuggest
ionsand
suppor
t.

It
aket
hisoppor
tuni
tyt
oexpr
essmypr
ofoundgr
ati
tudet
oMr
.SEBI
N
SUNNYP,Assi
stantPr
ofessor,Depar
tmentofEl
ect
ri
cal&El
ect
roni
cs
Engi
neer
ing,
forhi
sval
uabl
esuggest
ionsandsuppor
t.

Ial
sot
aket
hisoppor
tuni
tyt
oexpr
essadeepsenseofgr
ati
tudet
oal
l
t
he aut
hor
it
ies oft
he i
ndust
ri
es f
ort
hei
rcor
dialsuppor
t,v
aluabl
e
i
nfor
mat
ionandgui
dance,whi
chhel
pedmei
ncompl
eti
ngt
hei
ndust
ri
al
v
isi
t.

Last
ly,It
hankal
might
y,mypar
ent
sandf
ri
endsf
ort
hei
rconst
ant
encour
agementwi
thoutwhi
cht
hisi
ndust
ri
alv
isi
twoul
dnotbepossi
ble.

ANJALISASI
KUMAR
Reg.
no.
SPT15EE005
Ei
ght
hSemest
er
2015Admi
ssi
on
Dept
.ofEl
ect
ri
cal
&
El
ect
roni
csEngi
neer
ing
SI
MAT,
Vav
annoor
,Pal
akkad

5
 Cont
ent
s i
i

1.I
NTRODUCTI
ON

2.WORKI
NG

3.CONCLUSI
ON

i
i
i

6
 CHAPTER1

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.HEARI
NGAI
D

Ahear ingaidi sadev icedesignedt oimpr ovehear ingbymaki ngsoundaudi ble

toaper sonwi t
hhear ingloss.Hear i
ngai dsar ecl4
assifi
edasmedi caldev i
cesi n
mostcount r
ies,and r egulated by the r espectiver egul
at i
ons.Smal laudi o
ampl i
fi
er ssuchasPSAPsorot herpl ainsoundr einfor
cingsy stemscannotbe
soldas" heari
ngai ds".Earlydevi
ces,suchaseart r
umpet sorearhor nswer e
passiveampl ifi
cat i
onconesdesi gnedt ogat hersoundener gyanddi r
ecti tinto
theearcanal .Moder ndev i
cesarecomput eri
sedel ectr
oacoust i
csy stemst hat
transf
or m environment alsoundtomakei taudible,accordingt oaudi omet ri
cal
andcogni ti
ver ules.Moder ndev icesal sout i
l
izesophi st
icateddi gi
talsi gnal
processi ngtot ryandi mpr ovespeechi ntel
ligi
bili
tyandcomf ortf ort heuser .
Suchsi gnalpr ocessingi ncl
udesf eedbackmanagement ,wi dedy nami cr ange
compr ession,directi
onalit
y,fr
equencyl ower i
ng, andnoisereduct ion.
Modernhear ingaidsrequireconfigurati
ont omat cht hehear i
ngloss,phy si
cal
feat
ures,andl i
festy
leoft hewear er.Thehear i
ngai di sfittothemostr ecent
audi
ogram andi sprogrammedbyf requency.Thispr ocessi scall
ed"fi
tt
ing"and
i
sper f
ormedbyaDoct orofAudi ology,alsocalledanaudi ologi
st.Theamount
ofbenefi
tahear ingaiddeliv
ersdependsi nlar
gepar tonthequal i
tyofit
sf i
tti
ng.
Almostallhearingaidsinusei ntheUSar edigi
talhear i
ngai dsDev i
cessimi l
ar
toheari
ngai dsincl
udet heosseointegratedaudi t
or yprosthesis(f
ormerlycalled
thebone-anchoredhearingaid)andcochl earimpl ant.

2
 1.
1EVOLUTI
ON

Ev
ersi
nce peopl
ereal
i
zed t
hathear
ing was f
ragi
l
e,and dev
eloped an
under
standi
ngoft
hephy
sicsbehi
ndhear
ing,i
nvent
orshav
esoughtt
ocr
eat
e
dev
icest
ohol
dof
ftheef
fect
sofagei
ngori
l
lness.Thegoalwast
oext
end
humancapabi
l
iti
esal
l
owust
ohearf
orl
ongert
ime.Thev
eryf
ir
st“
hear
ingai
ds”
t
ookt
hef
orm ofeart
rumpet
s,whi
chf
ocusedsoundsandpi
pedt
hem st
rai
ght
i
ntot
heearcanal
.Asf
arasweknow,t
hef
ir
stdocument
eddev
iceoft
hist
ype
wascr
eat
edbyaJesui
tpr
iestcal
l
edJeanLeur
echoni
nthe1630s.Byt
he
1700s,
tinker
ershadcomeupwi
thmor
eadv
anceddesi
gnst
hatcoul
dbehel
din
t
hehandandt
urnedt
ocat
chconv
ersat
ion.Somewer
eev
encol
l
apsi
ble,
maki
ng
t
hem ext
ra-
por
tabl
e,al
thoughonl
ythev
eryr
ichcoul
daf
for
dsuchi
tems.I
t
woul
dtakeanot
her100y
ear
sforeart
rumpet
stor
eal
l
ybecomecommer
cial
l
y
v
iabl
e,butbyt
he19t
hcent
ury
,theywer
eacommonpar
tofVi
ctor
ianl
i
fe.

3
Thenextmaj
ori
nnov
ati
oni
naudi
tor
ytechnol
ogycameaboutasar
esul
tofa
r
elat
edi
nvent
ion:t
het
elephone.WhenAl
exanderGr
aham Bel
ldev
elopedaway
t
ocapt
uresoundsandsendt
hem el
ect
roni
cal
l
y,hepav
edt
hewayf
orsi
mil
ar
dev
iceswhi
chcoul
dbeat
tachedt
ohumanear
s,per
for
mingt
hesamef
unct
ion.
Buthewasn’
ttheonet
oimpl
ementt
hei
dea.Thathonorf
ellt
oanAl
abama
nat
ivenamedMi
l
lerReeseHut
chi
son,whof
ormedt
heAkouphoneCompanyi
n
1895t
omar
ketar
evol
uti
onar
yinv
ent
ion.Hut
chi
son’
sfi
rstdesi
gnsar
oused
i
nter
est
,butwer
etoobul
kyt
oreal
l
ycat
chon.Howev
er,heper
sev
ered,and
har
nessedt
hepowerofsmal
l
erbat
ter
ies,r
educi
ngt
hebul
kofhi
sdev
ices.
Howev
er,pr
obl
emsoff
eedbackr
emai
ned,l
i
mit
ingt
heuseofhi
sinv
ent
ion.But
ot
her
sknewt
hatHut
chi
sonhadst
ruckgol
d,andmov
edev
eronwar
ds,t
ackl
i
ng
t
echnol
ogi
cal
chal
l
enges,
andappr
oachi
ngmoder
nhear
ingai
ds,
stepbyst
ep.

Aspr
ocessort
echnol
ogyadv
ancedandanal
oggav
ewayt
odi
git
al,awhol
e
r
angeofpossi
bil
i
tiesst
art
edt
oopenupf
orhear
ingai
ddesi
gner
s.Br
andsl
i
ke
Si
gni
a,Phonak,andSt
arkeyemer
gedwhosoughtt
ocr
eat
edev
icest
hatwer
e
mor
e pr
ogr
ammabl
e and f
lexi
blet
han ev
er.Some 90s model
s coul
d be
pr
ogr
ammedbycomput
ers.Aswi
rel
esst
echdev
eloped,smar
tphonesst
art
ed
t
obehookedupt
ohear
ingai
ds.Atf
ir
stt
hiswasseenasal
uxur
y,now i
t’
s
becomi
ngr
out
ine.Att
hesamet
ime,
hear
ingai
dscanbeconnect
edt
oTVsand

4
r
adi
os,
ort
oext
ernalsoundsour
cesv
iat
elecoi
l
s–maki
ngi
teasi
ert
ofocuson
speci
fi
c noi
ses.And al
lthe t
ime,t
he si
ze oft
hese cr
uci
aldev
ices has
pl
ummet
ed.Theseday
s,hear
ingai
dst
hatbl
ow anyanal
ogdev
icef
rom 1980
outoft
hewat
ercanbet
hesi
zeofat
himbl
e.

CHAPTER2

WORKI
NG

There'sat ir
edol djokeint elevi
sionsi t
-comswher epeopleshoutatadeaf
person (usuallya deaf,elder l
yper son)t o make t hemselves heard.What
happensi fy oushoutatadeafper soni st hatyout r
ansmitsoundwav esof
greaterampl i
tude(vol
ume)andener gyi ntotheirearcanal.Theircochlearhair
cell
s are mor eli
kelyto det ectt hese mor e energeti
c sound wav es and,
consequent l
y,they'
remorel ikelytoheary ou.Old-styl
eeart rumpetswor ka
sli
ghtlydiff
erentway .Eff
ectively,theymaket heout erearmuchbi ggerand
concentratetheenergyinincomi ngsoundsi ntoasmal l
erarea.Thatincr eases
the pressuret hatsoundsmake on t he eardrum and,agai n,improv est he

5
per
son'
schancesofhear
ing.

Whi l
eshout inglouderandusi ngeart r
umpet sar ecrude,mechanicalsolutions
tot hepr obl
em ofhear ingloss,ahear i
ngai disamuchmor esophisticated
electr
icalsoluti
on.Ahear i
ngai dissimplyanel ectr
onicsoundampl ifi
er.You've
seenpeopl eonst agespeaki ntoami crophoneandhav etheirvoiceshugel y
ampl i
fiedbygi antl
oudspeakerssocr owdscanheart hem?Ahear i
ngai dwor ks
exactlythesameway ,exceptthatthemi crophone,ampl i
fi
er,andloudspeaker
(andt hebat t
erythatpower st hem)ar ebui l
ti nt
oasmal l,discr
eet,pl asti
c
packagewor nbehindtheearorj usti
nsidetheearcanal .

Oneoft hemostcommont ypesofhear ingai discal ledaBTE( behindt heear )

andconsi stsoft wosepar atepieces.Behi ndt heear ,there'sahar dplast i
ccase
thatcont ainsasmal l
mi crophone, ampl if
ier ,
andl oudspeaker .Thi sislinked,via
atube, toasof t
erplugcal l
edanearmol dshapedt of i
tjustint ot heper son'sear
canal.Wheny ouwearahear ingai dl i
ket his, t
hemi crophonepi cksupsounds
aroundy ouandt urnst hem i ntoanel ectriccur rent ,t
heampl ifier(usingoneor
mor et ransi stors)boost st hesi zeoft hecur r
ent ,andt heloudspeakert ur nsthe
boost edcur rentbacki ntoamuchl oudersound.Thi sampl i
fiedsoundf lows
throught het ubeandt heearmol di ntot heper son' sear.Adi ffer entstyleof
hearingai dcal l
edaCI C( compl etelyint hecanal )hasal l t
hesamecomponent s
butfittedi nt oasmal lplugt hatpushesr ighti ntot heearcanal .I nbetweent he
twoext remesofBTEandI TC, youcangetsomewhatl argerhear i
ngai dscal l
ed
ITC( i
nt hecanal )(whichmeanspar t
lyint hecanal andpar tlyint heout erear)
andI TE( intheear )
,whi chf il
l t
hecanal andpar toft heout erearbutdon' tsi
t
behindi tl i
keaBTE.CI C, I
TC, andI TEhear i
ngai dsar enowsodi screett hatyou
maynotev ennot i
cesomeonei swear i
ngone.
Hear i
ngai dscomei nt womai nkinds.Anal oghear i
ngai dssi mpl yconv ertsound
i
ntoel ect riccur rents,boostt hecur rents, andt urnt hem backi nt oloudersounds.
Digit
al hear ingai dsar emor esophi sti
cat ed( andcostmuchmor e).Theyconv er
t
thesoundi nt oanumer i
cal l
ycodedsi gnal and, dependi ngonhowt heyar e
designed, pr ocessandr ef i
net hesi gnal bef oret urningitbacki nt oasound.
6
 Digi
talhear
ingai
dscanbet unedsotheyemphasi
zesoundsofpart
icular
fr
equencyorblockoutunwantednoi
semor eef
fect
ivel
y,wher
easanalog
heari
ngaidstendtoampli
fyevery
thi
ng(backgr
oundnoisesasmuchas
i
mpor t
antsounds)bythesameamount .

Alt
houghahear i
ngaidcannev errest
orehear i
ngcompletely
,itcanmakeahuge
dif
ferencetoaper son'
sli
febyhel pi
ngt hem conver
semor enormall
yandenjoy
everythingfr
om TVandr adi
otor ecordedmusi candbi
rdsong.It'
sagr eat
exampl eofhowsci enceandtechnology( of
tenmuchmal i
gned)canr eall
y
i
mpr ov ethequal
it
yofourev er
y dayli
ves.

1.Soundwav
est
rav
elt
owar
dyourear(
pink)andt
hehear
ingai
dyou'
rewear
ing

behi
ndi
t(bl
ue)
.

2.Asmal
lmi
crophonepi
cksupt
hesoundsandt
urnst
hem i
ntoanel
ect
ri
ccur
rent
.

3.Anampl
i
fierci
rcui
t(cont
aini
ngoneormor
etr
ansi
stor
s)i
ncr
easest
hest
rengt
h

oft
hecur
rent
.

4.Asmal
lbut
tonbat
ter
ypower
stheampl
i
fierci
rcui
tandot
hercomponent
s.

5.Theampl
i
fiedcur
rentdr
ivesasmal
ll
oudspeaker
.

6.Thel
oudspeakerpl
aysi
tssoundi
ntoat
ubecal
l
edt
heearhook.

7.Theearhookpl
ayst
hesoundt
hrought
heearmol
dint
oyourearcanal
.

8.Soundwav
esofgr
eat
lyi
ncr
easedv
olumet
rav
elt
oyouri
nnerear
.

7
Adi git
alheari
ngaidworksi nmucht hesameway ,exceptthattheamplif
ierchip
digi
tizesthesoundsi gnalsf r
om t hemi cr
ophone,thenpr ocessesandf ilt
ers
them beforeitampli
fi
est hem—pr oducingmuchclear ersounds.Itcanbemuch
mor ecloselytunedtoy ourpar t
icularheari
ngdiffi
culti
esandi tautomaticall
y
adjustsit
selftodi
ff
erentenv i
ronment s

Pr
ogr
ammabl
eanal
oghear
ingai
ds

Thenextl evelofsophi sticationi saknownasapr ogr

ammabl eanal ogheari
ng
aid,andhasv ariousdiff erentset ti
ngsy oucansel ecttogivedi f
ferentkindsof
ampl i
fi
cati
onf ordif
ferentev erydayenv i
ronment s.Thesetti
ngsar epr esetwhen
yourhear i
ngai dismanuf actured,accor di
ngt oy ourpersonalaudi ogram,and
usuall
yy ouhav etoselectbet weent hem y our
selfusingasmal l
,discreetswi
tch
somewher eont hehear ingai d.Al thoughmor esophi st
icat
edt hanbasi cheari
ng
aids,programmabl e ai ds ar e stillanal og:theyboostal lincomi ng sounds
withoutprocessingthem i nanyi ntell
igentway.

Di
git
alhear
ingai
ds

Digi
talheari
ngaids,whichhav
ebeenwidel
yavai
labl
esincethe1990s,ar
ev er
y
di
fferenttoanalogones:theyanal
yzei
ncomingsoundsi nt
ell
i
gent
ly,dothei
r
besttof i
gureoutwhichsoundsandsoundfr
equenci
esy ouwanttohear,and
boostthoseselect
ivel
y.

Now there'snot hingautomat ical

lysuper i
oraboutdi git
altechnol
ogy :ther
ear e
manyaudi ophileswhosweart hatanal ogrecordplayershav esuper i
orsound
quali
tytodi git
alCDpl ay
ers,whi l
elotsofphot ographersst i
l
lpreferanalogfil
m
camer astodi gitalcamer as.Whatmakest hediff
erencei sthatdigi
talmusi cor
digi
talphot oscanbepr ocessedi nallkindsofway st hataremuchhar derwith
analog informat ion—so y ou can qui ckl
y and easilyr emix music on y our
comput er,digit
al lyenhancey ourphot os,andsoon.I nmucht hesameway ,
digi
talhearingai dsar en'
tsuper i
ort oanalogonesbecauset heyampl i
fysounds
bett
er—anal ogai dsmay ,infact,dot hatjobjustaswel l—butbecauset heyturn
soundsi ntodi git ali
nformationt hatcanbeenhancedt omakespeecht hat
's
easi
ert ounder st and,musicthat '
smor epleasanttoli
stent o,andsoon

CHAPTER3

CONCLUSI
ON

• desi
gnedt
oimpr
ovehear
ing.

• asmal
lampl
i
fyi
ngdev
icewhi
chf
it
sont
heear
,wor
nbyapar
ti
all
ydeaf

8
 per
son.

• Thehear
ingai
d-r
ecei
vessoundthroughamicrophoneandconv
ert
sthe
soundwavest
oelect
ri
cal
signal
s-sendst
hem t
oanampl i
fi
er.

• Theampli
fi
erincr
easest
hepoweroft
hesi
gnal
s-sendst
hem t
otheear
thr
oughaspeaker
.