1

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1.The following text is adapted from Mary Seacole's 1857 As used in the text, what does the word "conceivable" most nearly
autobiography Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many mean?
Lands.
That journey across the Isthmus [of Panama], insignificant in Ⓐ Visible
distance as it was, was by no means an easy one. It seemed as if
nature had determined to throw every conceivable obstacle in the
way of those who should seek to join the two great oceans of the Ⓑ Stable
world.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Possible
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Basic
………………………………………………………………………………………

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2. Animal researcher Amalia P.M. Bastos led a 2021 study about a Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
wild kea parrot that used small stones as tools to preen its feathers. word or phrase?
Skeptical colleagues had initially suggested to Bastos that the kea's
interactions with the stones might simply be _______, but Bastos Ⓐ Intriguing
and her team showed that the kea was using the stones deliberately.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓑ Obvious
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓒ Accidental
………………………………………………………………………………………

Ⓓ Observable

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3. Text corpora such as the Brown Corpus are enormous Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
collections of electronically stored texts that can be used for word or phrase?
empirical testing of hypotheses regarding how _______, a word is
in spoken and written English. For instance, one might have a Ⓐ Pervasive
guess about the incidence of the word "thing," but only an analysis
of a corpus can prove that "thing" is the sixth most commonly used
noun. Ⓑ Credible

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Assertive
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Profound

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4. The presence of Canada's Miguasha National Park on the United Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's World word or phrase?
Heritage List indicates that the organization has designated it as
having "outstanding universal value" and is therefore _______ its Ⓐ Advocating
preservation and protection.

Ⓑ Impeding

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Defining
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Exploiting
………………………………………………………………………………………

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5. Disproving the common misconception of Native art as Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
_______, the painters whose work appears in the collection at the word or phrase?
National Museum of the American Indian employ a range of
styles. There are artists working in the traditional arts of their Ⓐ Uncontroversal
specific tribal communities, artists working in European modernist
or American abstract expressionist art traditions, and artists
blending various traditions into something wholly new. Ⓑ Individualistic

Ⓒ Theoretical
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Homogeneous
………………………………………………………………………………………

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6. Chile's Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined
Mary Beth Wilhelm and other astrobiologists search for life, or its sentence in the text as a whole?
remains, in this harsh place because the desert closely mirrors the
extreme environment on Mars. The algae and bacteria found in Ⓐ To contrast the conditions in the Atacama Desert with those
Atacama's driest regions may offer clues about Martian life. By on Mars
studying how these and other microorganisms survive such
extreme conditions on Earth, Wilhelm's team hopes to determine
whether similar life might have existed on Mars and to develop the Ⓑ To explain why many life-forms cannot survive in the
best tools to look for evidence of it. Atacama Desert

Ⓒ To indicate why astrobiologists choose to conduct research

in the Atacama Desert
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ To describe certain limitations to conducting scientific
……………………………………………………………………………………… study in the Atacama Desert
………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. The Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City has an Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion
exhibition of video games that includes Yars' Revenge from 1982, in the text as a whole?
which museum visitors can play on site, and SimCity 2000 from
1994, which visitors can see only in a video presentation. MOMA Ⓐ It details a criticism of MOMA that the author defends
claims the video presentations are only for games that would be against in the remainder of the sentence.
impractical to display in a playable form, but video games are an
inherently interactive medium, a feature that is grossly absent in a
video-only presentation. Ⓑ It provides MOMA's rationale for a decision that the author
critiques.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ It presents a misconception about video games that the

……………………………………………………………………………………… author believes is evident in MOMA's choice about which video
games to exhibit.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ It introduces a fact about video games that the author thinks
MOMA did not appropriately consider when choosing which
video games to exhibit.

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Text 1 Based on the texts, how would the researchers discussed in Text 2
From about 985 CE to the early 1400s, when they mysteriously most likely respond to the underlined claim presented in Text 1?
abandoned the region, Norse settlers occupied part of Greenland.
Many researchers cite cold weather to explain why the Norse fled.
Ⓐ They would acknowledge that the evidence regarding the
The researchers reason that the Norse settlers arrived in the region
Norse diet confirms cold weather as the main cause for the
while the climate was warm and were able to remain there until
Norse abandonment.
temperatures declined during the Little Ice Age, which occurred
between the 14th and 19th centuries.
Ⓑ They would argue that the evidence about the Norse diet
Text 2 supports drought, not temperature, as a reason the Norse settlers
Raymond Bradley, Boyang Zhao, and colleagues analyzed fled.
sediment samples from a lake in Greenland close to the Norse
settlement. This allowed them to reconstruct the area's history. The
Ⓒ They would present evidence challenging the idea that cold
researchers found evidence that the Norse diet relied mainly on
food sources from land at the beginning of the settlement period. weather caused a diet change for the Norse settlers.
Their diet changed to sea sources near the end of the period. The
team claims prolonged drought rather than cold weather caused
this diet switch and ultimately drove the Norse to leave the region. Ⓓ They would agree that the Norse diet would have changed
even if the Norse settlers hadn't experienced the Little Ice Age.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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9. The Hawaiian archipelago is home to the 'akeke'e (Loxops Based on the text, why is the 'akeke'e a highly specialized species?
caeruleirostris), one of several bird species that can only be found
on the islands. Due to Hawaii's uniquely varied geographic and
ecological conditions, the 'akekee became highly specialized as it Ⓐ It adapted over time to share a habitat with other highly
adapted to survive in a specific island habitat. However, like many specialized bird species on the Hawaiian archipelago.
highly specialized species, the akeke'e is particularly vulnerable to
environmental stressors, such as disease, invasive species, and
habitat destruction, that disrupt the delicately balanced ecosystems Ⓑ It lives in a habitat that is exposed to numerous
in which the birds live. environmental stressors.

Ⓒ It adapted over time to live in a specific habitat found on

………………………………………………………………………………………
the Hawaiian archipelago.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ It lives exclusively in the most geographically isolated
locations on the Hawaiian archipelago.

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10. In Grenada, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of Based on the text, the author would most likely agree with which
total household fuel use fell by more than a third between 2000 and statement about the change observed in Grenada?
2019; such shifts are typically explained by appeal to the energy
ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by
household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace Ⓐ Beginning in 2000, high-technology fuels became more
solid fuels as incomes rise). Moses Pundo and Gavin Fraser's study readily available in Grenada, enabling households of various
of fuel use in Kenya shows how reductive this model is, however: income levels to shift away from solid fuels.
although income of course constrained fuel choice, several factors,
including the age of the household head, influenced decisions. Ⓑ Solid fuel use declined in Grenada between 2000 and 2019
because changes in household income in that period made solid
fuels more expensive relative to income.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Household incomes in Grenada rose from 2000 to 2019,

……………………………………………………………………………………… which made high-technology fuels relatively more affordable.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ The decline in solid fuel use in Grenada between 2000 and
2019 was not solely the result of changes in household income.

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 Genre 2016 2017 2018 2019
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete
the assertion?
Cooking $20.82 $21.35 $21.13 $21.55
Ⓐ Social Science.
Bibles $44.05 $40.54 $45.75 $47.75

Social $56.91 $48.54 $60.94 $49.61

Ⓑ Fiction
Science

Ⓒ Bibles
Fiction $17.01 $16.77 $17.53 $17.46

Ⓓ Cooking
11.An intern at a publishing house who is writing a report needs to
determine whether there are any book genres for which the average
price of a paperback book declined from 2016 to 2019. Consulting
the table, she finds that this was the case for the genre of _______

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. "Looking Back on Girlhood" is an 1892 short story by Sarah Which quotation from "Looking Back on Girlhood" most
Orne Jewett. In the story, the narrator explains that she prefers her effectively illustrates this claim?
hometown to other places she has visited: _______
Ⓐ "There is always something fresh, something to be traced or
discovered, something particularly to be remembered."

Ⓑ "Two large rivers join just below the village at the head of
tide-water, and these, with the great inflow from the sea, make
a magnificent stream, bordered by lovely green fields that slope
gently to long lines of willows at the water's edge."
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓒ "I have had a good deal of journeying in my life, and taken
………………………………………………………………………………………
great delight in it, but I have never taken greater delight than in
……………………………………………………………………………………… my rides and drives and tramps and voyages within the borders
……………………………………………………………………………………… of my native town."

Ⓓ "There is never-ending pleasure in making one's self

familiar with such a region."

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 Total Pairs with Pairs with Ratio of
Species Leaf Opposite- Same-Side Opponents- Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete
Pairs Side Orientation Side the assertion?
Examined Orientation Orientation
to Same-Side Ⓐ 646 to 1, as in the case of Vitis riparia.
Orientation
(n to 1)
Vitis 24 15 9 1.67
piasezkii Ⓑ 3.28 to 1, as in the case of Vitis riparia.
Vitis x 9 9 1 9.00
andersonii
Vitis 360 268 92 2.91
cinerea Ⓒ 10 to 1, as in the case of Vitis × andersonit.
Vitis 843 646 197 3.28
riparia
14. Many plants have leaves that are larger on one side of their Ⓓ 9.00 to 1, as in the case of Vitis × andersonii.
long central axis than the other, a phenomenon known as
asymmetrical orientation. University of California, Berkeley
biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues examined several species
of grapevines and closely related plants, which have leaves that
grow in pairs, to see if both leaves in a pair tend to be oriented
toward the same side (that is, have more tissue on the same side) or
not. They found that opposite-side orientations are more common
than same-side orientations by ratios as high as _____

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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15. In 2016 biological anthropologist Heather F. Smith and her Which choice most logically completes the text?
team investigated the evolution of the appendix, an intestinal organ
that is present in some mammals, including humans, but is Ⓐ was once present in many nonmammal species but has
generally thought to have no function. Studying 533 mammal since disappeared from those lineages.
species, the team found that the appendix has emerged
independently across multiple lineages in separate instances and,
significantly, hasn't disappeared after emerging in specific Ⓑ has been preserved in certain mammal species because it
lineages. Moreover, the team determined that species with the benefits their immune systems.
organ tend to have higher concentrations of lymphoid tissue, which
supports immune responses, in the cecum, the organ the appendix Ⓒ will emerge in a greater number of mammal species
is attached to. Therefore, the team hypothesized that the appendix because it may serve a necessary function in the immune
likely _______ system.

Ⓓ produced higher concentrations of lymphoid tissue in

……………………………………………………………………………………… mammals in the past than it does currently.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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16. On June 13, 2013, the Navajo Times _______ a profile of Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
Kayenta Chapter (T6 Dinéeshzhee'), which is one of the 110 conventions of Standard English?
chapters of the Navajo Nation (Naabeehó Bináhásdzo). The article
was later included in a book series called Exploring the Navajo Ⓐ Published
Nation Chapter by Chapter.

Ⓑ Publishes

………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓒ Is publishing
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Will publish

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17. Researchers Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley investigated how Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
_______ in a series of experiments conducted in 2022, they found conventions of Standard English?
that people performing small acts of kindness underestimated the
positive effect their actions had on others. Ⓐ do people perceive acts of kindness.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓑ do people perceive acts of kindness?

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ people perceive acts of kindness.
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ people perceive acts of kindness?

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18. Writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia's love of short fiction began when Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
she read a collection of Edgar Allan Poe stories as a child, and she conventions of Standard English?
would develop into a prolific short story writer herself, publishing
pieces like "Weekday" (2010) and "To See Pedro Infante" (2014). Ⓐ Gothic,
Yet she's become, with the breakout success of her 2020 novel
Mexican _______ best known as a novelist.
Ⓑ Gothic—

Ⓒ Gothic;

Ⓓ Gothic

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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19. Named for the number of hoofed toes they possess, even-toed Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
ungulates, such as the domestic sheep (Ovis aries), to a vast and conventions of Standard English?
diverse order of animals.
Ⓐ Is belonging

Ⓑ Belong

Ⓒ Has belonged
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Belongs
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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20. Today, the Michelin Guide is widely known as the arbiter of Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
fine dining, but when it was created in 1900, it was little more than conventions of Standard English?
a marketing gimmick; brothers Andre and Edouard Michelin
sought to increase profits for their tire company by encouraging Ⓐ Influence and
their customers to drive across France, visiting the guide's
recommended hotels and restaurants along the way. Nevertheless,
the guide soon grew in scope and _______ its modest French Ⓑ Influence,
eateries were replaced with some of the most esteemed restaurants
from around the world, including Kohaku in Tokyo and Rutz in
Berlin. Ⓒ Influence

Ⓓ Influence, and

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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21. Most sand is beige because of deposits of gray- and tan-hued Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
minerals, such as quartz and feldspar. The sand at Spiaggia Rosa conventions of Standard English?
Beach in Italy is a more unusual _______ deposits of crushed coral
and other organic matter lend the sand a unique pink hue. Ⓐ Shade, though,

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓑ Shade, though

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Shade, though;
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Shade; though

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22. Historians agree that the jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton was Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
exaggerating when he claimed to have invented jazz music. No one conventions of Standard English?
can deny, _______ That Morton's innovative compositions and
remarkable improvisational skills helped shape jazz as a genre Ⓐ Therefore,
during its early years.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓑ In the second place,

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ In other words,
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Though,

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23. One might expect to find Forrest Myers's 1970 work Mantis in Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
the cloistered halls of a museum. _______ the steel sculpture's
home is the sprawling fields of Storm King Art Center, an outdoor Ⓐ Therefore,
sculpture park in New Windsor, New York.

Ⓑ In other words,

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Instead,
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Furthermore,
………………………………………………………………………………………

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24. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following The student wants to provide a quotation from chapter 17. Which
notes: choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
• The Future of Nostalgia is a scholarly book by literary accomplish this goal?
theorist
Svetlana Boym. Ⓐ Svetlana Boym's The Future of Nostalgia provides a
• The book provides a multifaceted exploration of the multifaceted exploration of nostalgia.
concept of nostalgia.
• Chapter 14 discusses themes of nostalgia in Joseph
Brodsky's writing. Ⓑ In an exploration of various skeptics' takes on the concept
• Chapter 17 discusses various skeptics' takes on the concept of nostalgia, Svetlana Boym writes, "The poethics of nostalgia
of nostalgia. combines estrangement and human solidarity, affect and
• In chapter 17, Boym writes, "The poethics of nostalgia reflection."
combines estrangement and human solidarity, affect and
reflection." Ⓒ Svetlana Boym discusses themes of nostalgia in Joseph
Brodsky's writing in chapter 14 of her book.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ After discussing themes of nostalgia in Joseph Brodsky's
writing, Svetlana Boym goes on to discuss various skeptics'
………………………………………………………………………………………
takes on the concent of nostalgia.
………………………………………………………………………………………

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 • Since 1931, the New York Times (NYT) Best Sellers list 25. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given
has been a measure of the most successful books in the US. sentences to emphasize the different years in which the books
• Terry McMillan and Uwem Akan are Black authors who reached the NYT Best Sellers list?
have reached the NYT Best Sellers list.
• Waiting to Exhale is a novel by Terry McMillan. Ⓐ Terry McMillan and Uwem Akpan are both NYT best-
• It reached the NYT Best Sellers list on August 2, 1992. selling authors.
• Say You're One of Them is a short story collection by
Uwem Akan.
• It reached the NYT Best Sellers list on November 1, 2009. Ⓑ Terry McMillan's Waiting to Exhale and Uwem Akpan's
Say You're One of Them are both NYT best sellers, but the
former is a novel, whereas the latter is a short story collection.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Waiting to Exhale and Say You're One of Them are both
……………………………………………………………………………………… books by Black authors that have reached the NYT Best Sellers
……………………………………………………………………………………… list.

Ⓓ The novel Waiting to Exhale became an NYT best seller in

1992; Say You're One of Them, a short story collection, joined
this list as well, but in 2009.

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 • Trans-Siberian Orchestra (TSO) is a band from the United 26. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given
States that was created in 1996. sentences to emphasize the role Jamey Garner played when
• The band's sound combines the genres of hard rock and performing with TSO?
classical music, with an epic assembly of nearly fifty
musicians that includes over a dozen singers. Ⓐ It was in 2008 that vocalist Jamey Garner performed with
• Musicians are regularly invited to perform with TSO on TSO.
tour.
• Vocalist Jamey Garner toured with TSO in 2008.
• Bassist Tony Dickinson toured with TSO from 2017 to Ⓑ Musicians Jamey Garner and Tony Dickinson both toured
2019. with the genre-bending band TSO.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ From vocalist Jamey Garner to bassist Tony Dickinson,

……………………………………………………………………………………… musicians of all backgrounds have taken the opportunity to
……………………………………………………………………………………… perform with TSO.
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ In 2008, Jamey Garner performed with TSO as a touring
vocalist.

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: 27. The student wants to make a generalization about brown
• The human tongue contains taste receptors for a rich, seaweed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
savory flavor called umami. from the notes to accomplish this goal?
• Umami is triggered by the compounds in a variety of foods,
including tuna and blue cheese. Ⓐ Some types of brown seaweed trigger umami flavor in
• Participants in a study tasted a sample of sea palm, a type human taste buds.
of brown seaweed.
• They rated its umami intensity as moderate.
• The participants tasted a sample of ma-konbu, another type Ⓑ Participants in a study rated the umami intensity of various
of brown seaweed. seaweeds.
• They rated its umami intensity as high.

Ⓒ In a research study, participants tasted samples of sea palm

and ma-konbu, two types of brown seaweed.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Sea palm is a type of brown seaweed, as is ma-konbu.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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2

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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1.The works of Chicana artist Ester Hernandez are now _______ in Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
museums both in the United States and abroad, but the murals she word or phrase?
contributed to as a member of Las Mujeres Muralistas early in her
artistic career were displayed in outdoor public spaces across San Ⓐ Invented
Francisco.
Ⓑ Adjusted

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Featured
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Recommended
………………………………………………………………………………………

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2. A team of paleontologists has found a rich fossil deposit near Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
Gulgong, Australia. The fossils are so well preserved that the team word or phrase?
has been able to _______ detailed information about the life forms
that left them behind, such as color patterns and how they Ⓐ Occupy
interacted with other species.

Ⓑ Hoard

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Reserve
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Obtain
………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. The following text is from Lilliam Rivera's 2020 novel Never As used in the text, what does the word "quiet" most nearl mean?
Look Back. The text describes the narrator's friend Pheus, a young
musician, after finishing a performance during a church service. Ⓐ Balanced

Pheus pulls a handkerchief from his back pocket and wipes his
forehead. I mime a quiet clap for him. He does a slight bow and Ⓑ Reasonable
flashes his dimples. This is where Pheus truly shines. When Pheus
is in front of an audience, it's as if he becomes another person, a
more heightened version of himself. Ⓒ Silent

Ⓓ Crumbled
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. When considering which plays and musicals to produce, theaters Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
in San Francisco often favor keeping audiences happy over taking word or phrase?
risks. So while they might be eager to produce an established
classic like Amadeus, for example, most would be _______ to Ⓐ Determined
stage a work from a relatively unknown playwright.

Ⓑ Hesitant

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Fortunate
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Surprised
………………………………………………………………………………………

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5. The Astana International Exchange in Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan, Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
connects companies operating in Kazakhstan with potential word or phrase?
investors, ensuring those companies receive certain regulatory
oversight. Knowing this is thus potential investors since it enables Ⓐ Distinctive of
them to evaluate companies with more confidence and determine
which ones represent the best investment opportunities.
Ⓑ Prohibitive for

Ⓒ Excluded from
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Beneficial to
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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6. Did you know that Lewis Carroll's periodical The Rectory Which choice best describes the function of the underlined
Magazine was written when he was only 13 years old? Juvenilia, sentence?
or works that an author produced as a youth before attaining fame,
are becoming more and more popular among readers of all ages. Ⓐ To provide a reason for the growing popularity of juvenilia
Some scholars think that this growth in popularity might be
occurring because juvenilia could potentially reveal aspects of a Ⓑ To name some famous authors who wrote juvenilia
writer's childhood.

Ⓒ To compare two literary scholars' viewpoints about

……………………………………………………………………………………… juvenilia
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ To note some themes in Carroll's works
………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. Lonne Elder IIl's critically acclaimed play Ceremonies in Dark Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
Old Men was produced in 1969 by the groundbreaking Negro
Ensemble Company (NEC). NEC cofounder Robert Hooks, an Ⓐ To bring attention to a work by Lonne Elder I
actor, producer, and activist, had met actor and playwright Douglas
Turner Ward while they were performing in a 1960 touring
production of Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun. Ⓑ To show how the play A Raisin in the Sun influenced
Together, they envisioned a theater company that would nurture Hooks and Ward
and showcase the work of Black theater professionals. Since
NEC's founding in 1967, its workshops and performances have
given Black playwrights, including Elder, a forum for their Ⓒ To discuss the origin and importance of the NEC
compelling stories.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ To describe how Hooks and Ward's creative partnership

……………………………………………………………………………………… changed over time
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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8. The following text is adapted from Ann Petry's 1946 novel The Which choice best describes what is happening in the text?
Street. Lutie lives in an apartment in Harlem, New York.
Ⓐ Lutie is observing the appearance of the street at a
The glow from the sunset was making the street radiant. The street particular time of day and the events occurring on it.
is nice in this light, [Lutie] thought. It was swarming with children
who were playing ball and darting back and forth across the
sidewalk in complicated games of tag. Girls were skipping double Ⓑ Lutie is annoyed by the noise of children playing games on
dutch rope, going tirelessly through the exact center of a pair of her street.
ropes, jumping first on one foot and then the other.
Ⓒ Lutie is puzzled by the rules of certain children's games.
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Lutie is spending time alone in her apartment because she
………………………………………………………………………………………
doesn't want to interact with her neighbors.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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9. Recently, scientists looked at data collected by NASA's InSight According to the text, what was surprising to scientists studying
lander to learn more about seismic activity on Mars, known as the seismic activity data from NASA's InSight lander?
marsquakes. The data show that the marsquakes all started from
the same location on the planet. This discovery was surprising to Ⓐ The surface temperature of Mars has been rising.
scientists, as they expected that the marsquakes would originate
from all over the planet because of the cooling of the planet's Ⓑ There were different types of seismic waves causing
surface. Now, scientists believe that there could be areas of active
marsquakes.
agma flows deep beneath the planet's surface that trigger the
marsquakes.
Ⓒ NASA's InSight lander collected less data than scientists
had expected.

………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ All the marsquakes started from the same location on the
……………………………………………………………………………………… planet.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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Average Hours Worked per Person per Year in 1950 and 2017 Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete
Change In Percent Change in the student's conclusion?
Country 1950 2017
Hours hours
Denmark 2,049 1,400 -649 -32%
Ⓐ the percent decrease in hours worked was greater in Brazil
Brazil 2,042 1,709 -333 -16%
than it was in Denmark, Austria, or Peru.
Peru 2,157 1,932 -225 -10%
Austria 2,086 1,613 -473 -23%
Ⓑ though the decline in number of hours worked in Brazil was
A student in an economics course is examining the decline since less than that in Denmark and Austria, it was greater than that
1950 in average hours worked per person per year in various in Peru.
nations due to both increased productivity and the adoption of
policies that limit working hours. The first task in this investigation Ⓒ while the number of hours worked rose in Brazil between
is to determine how the decline in Brazil compares to that in other 1950 and 2017, it declined in Denmark, Austria, and Peru.
countries. The student finds that _______

Ⓓ though the decline in number of hours worked in Brazil

……………………………………………………………………………………… was greater than that in Denmark and Peru, it was less than that
in Austria.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Examples of Hoards found in Ireland and Northern Ireland Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete
Date of Year of the Statement?
Hoard name Description
contents discovery
Coleraine Hoard 5th century CE 1854 Silver pieces Ⓐ the Coleraine Hoard and Derrynaflan Hoard were both
Carrick-on-Suir 17th century found after 2000.
2013 Gold coins
Hoard CE
10th Century Silver and Bronze
Derrynaflan Hoard 1980 Ⓑ the Carrick-on-Suir Hoard was found in 2013.
CE pieces
For centuries, people in Ireland and Northern Ireland have been
finding deposits of valuable objects, called hoards, that earlier
people buried. These discoveries have persisted into the 2000s; for Ⓒ the Coleraine Hoard, Derrynaflan Hoard, and Carrick-on-
example, _______ Suir Hoard have all been found since 1854.

………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ the Carrick-on-Suir Hoard was found after the Coleraine
……………………………………………………………………………………… Hoard.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. Digital images of some works of art by Henry Ossawa Tanner Which statement, if true, would most directly support the
and Alma Thomas are available online in a collection from the underlined claim?
New Orleans Museum of Art in New Orleans, Louisiana. The
original works of art presented in those images are part of the full Ⓐ The New Orleans Museum of Art only recently made some
collection at the museum. People can access the digital images of the works of art from its full collection available online.
online at any time, but it isn't always possible to experience the
originals at the museum Ⓑ The New Orleans Museum of Art has fewer works of art in
its full collection than some other museums do.

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ The New Orleans Museum of Art doesn't have all the
……………………………………………………………………………………… original works of art from its full collection on display all the
……………………………………………………………………………………… time.
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ The New Orleans Museum of Art has more works of art by
Henry Ossawa Tanner than by Alma Thomas in its full
collection.

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13. The Cretaceous pterosaur Tupandactylus navigans is known for Which choice most logically completes the text?
having an anomalously oversized head crest. Until an almost
complete fossil skeleton was found in Brazil, paleontologists had Ⓐ flew for longer distances than did other pterosaur species
been able to study only skull specimens from I. navigans, though it that had oversized head crests.
was presumed that, like other pterosaurs, the species's primary
form of locomotion was powered flight. Examining the fuller
skeleton in 2016, Victor Beccari and his team determined that T. Ⓑ had longer wings than other pterosaur species considered to
navigans had long hind legs, short wings, and an unusually long have been comfortable walking
neck characteristics that, combined with the creature's large-
crested head, would have made sustained flight difficult and
Ⓒ had a smaller head than researchers expected based on the
walking upright relatively comfortable. Based on these findings the
team suggests that T. navigans likely _______ earlier T. navigans skull specimens.

Ⓓ flew for shorter distances and spent more time walking than
……………………………………………………………………………………… researchers previously thought.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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14. Buried collections of Bronze Age metal items (called hoards) Which choice most logically completes the text?
have been found all over Britain. For hoards discovered since the
1960s, such as the 1965 discovery of the Walderslade hoard, Ⓐ include rare items from the 10th century BCE.
advancements like inexpensive metal detectors, ground-penetrating
radar, and aerial surveys have made it much easier for searchers to
locate hoards before putting the first shovel in the ground. Hoards Ⓑ include gold jewelry.
found before the 1960s, however, such as the discovery of the
Auchnacree hoard around 1921, were not aided by such
technologies and thus were much more likely to ____ Ⓒ occur before the ground was disturbed.

Ⓓ result from artifacts being unearthed accidentally.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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15. British professional soccer team Sheffield United Football Which choice most logically completes the text?
Club, whose home uniform color is mainly red, won more than
half its home matches between 1947 and 2003. This is a higher Ⓐ may have influenced other teams to change their uniform
proportion than the proportion of home matches won by Hull City colors.
Association Football Club, whose home uniform color is not red,
during the same period. According to a study by Martin J. Attrill
and colleagues, the color red can cause people to respond with fear Ⓑ was directly tied to its players' general satisfaction with
and hesitation, which the researchers think helps explain Sheffield their uniform color.
United's success. Nada Goldschmied and colleagues reanalyzed the
published data from this study, however, and found no evidence
Ⓒ was likelv influenced by its players' associations with the
that red-uniformed teams are more likely than other teams to win,
color red.
suggesting that Hull's home-match win percentage _______

Ⓓ would likelv have remained roughly the same if its players

had been wearing red uniforms.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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16. In 2016, Alyssa Wong's hard work paid off. Before an Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
audience _______ fantasy writers from around the world, Wong's conventions of Standard English?
"Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers" received the World
Fantasy Award, one of the most prestigious honors in fantasy Ⓐ Of,
literature, for Best Short Fiction.

Ⓑ Of:
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Of
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Of;

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17. After much debate, _______ finally made a decision: the Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
judges for the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature would award conventions of Standard English?
Biornstierne Martinus Biornson of Norway with that year's prize
"[for] his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has Ⓐ It
always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration
and the rare purity of its spirit."
Ⓑ Anyone

Ⓒ They

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ You
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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18. How did whales, once no bigger than seals, evolve to become Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
the largest animals on Earth? Brazilian biologist Mariana Nery conventions of Standard English?
believes the answer might be found in whales' DNA. In January
2023, Nery and her colleagues _______ a study showing changes Ⓐ Published
over time in four whale genes associated with body size.

Ⓑ Publishing

Ⓒ Having published

Ⓓ To publish
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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19. Included in Graphic Revolution: American Prints 1960 to Now, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
a 2018 group exhibition at the Saint Louis Art Museum in conventions of Standard English?
Missouri, was the work of artist Lorna Simpson, who is best
known for her multimedia artworks that juxtapose images of Ⓐ Art
African American women with text fragments. Simpson is credited
with expanding the horizons of conceptual photographic _______
she challenges conventional notions of race, gender, history, and Ⓑ Art, furthermore,
memory.
Ⓒ Art; furthermore,

Ⓓ Art,
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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20. Since 1948, U.S. News & World Report has been publishing Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
data-driven reports on various aspects of culture and society, conventions of Standard English?
including an annual ranking of the best jobs in the United States. In
2021, the publication determined that dental hygienists had the Ⓐ metric as the professions'
thirty-second best iob in the country, a calculation arrived at by
considering such _______ median salary and work-life balance.
Ⓑ metric as the profession's

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ metrics as the profession's

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ metrics as the professions
………………………………………………………………………………………

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21. Released in 1997, the PowerPC 750 microchip contained a Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
single CPU, or core, to execute commands. Since then, the average conventions of Standard English?
processing power of microchips has increased so drastically cores
now number in the dozens, hundreds, or even _______ the once- Ⓐ Thousands that—
revolutionary dual-core technology that replaced the single-core
chip can be found in everyday items like toasters and toothbrushes.
Ⓑ Thousands. That

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Thousands, that

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Thousands—that
………………………………………………………………………………………

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22. Thousands of years ago, the Olmec civilization's reign over Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
parts of eastern Mexico ended. _______ the Olmecs' massive stone conventions of Standard English?
statues of human heads remain. Two of these statues, known as
Monument 53 and Monument 4, weigh over 5 tons! Ⓐ Still,

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓑ Previously,
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ Therefore,
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Secondly,

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23. In 1940, scientists first isolated a sample of the steroid Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
hormone androstenone, which they knew existed in animals and,
they assumed, only in animals. _______ researchers would find Ⓐ In other words,
androstenone in silver jade plants (Crassula arborescens), but this
discovery wouldn't come until decades later.
Ⓑ Earlier,

……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓒ For example,

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ Eventually,
………………………………………………………………………………………

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24. While some researchers have identified the planet Gliese 625 b Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
as potentially habitable, it's unlikely that humanity will be able to
take advantage of its favorable conditions anytime soon it's 21.3 Ⓐ As a result,
light years away. ______ at 635 light years away, the planet
Kepler-22b is also inaccessible.
Ⓑ Instead,

………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓒ Likewise,
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ For example,
………………………………………………………………………………………

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25. The liquid metals in Earth's core circulate constantly, and this Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
circulation generates electrical currents that flow between Earth's
North and South magnetic poles. These electrical currents, Ⓐ In turn,
_______ create a barrier around Earth that protects us from
radiation and charged particles coming from space.
Ⓑ Likewise,

Ⓒ Nevertheless,
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ In reality,
………………………………………………………………………………………

26-

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 • In the third century BCE, the Latin word "denarius" Which choice most effectively uses information from the given
referred to a silver coin. sentences to explain the origin of the word "dinar"?
• The Arabic word "dinar' comes from "denarius."
• Today, nearly a dozen countries use "dinar" in their Ⓐ Algeria does not refer to its currency by the Latin word for
currencies names. a silver coin, "denarius."
• Algeria uses the Algerian dinar.

Ⓑ Algeria is one of several countries to use the word "dinar"

in their currency.

Ⓒ The word "dinar" is used in the name of several countries*

……………………………………………………………………………………… currencies, such as Algeria.
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… Ⓓ The origin of the Arabic word "dinar" stretches back to the
……………………………………………………………………………………… third century BCE, when the Latin word "denarius" was used to
refer to a silver coin.

Page 54 of 55
27-
Which choice most effectively uses information from the given
• Calida Garcia Rawles is an African American painter. sentences to emphasize a difference between the two painting
• She is known for her large-scale, hyperrealistic paintings
depicting Ⓐ Although the number of figures may differ, constant among
African American figures in water. Rawles's hyperrealistic works is the tranquil mood that the
• The painting Yesterday Called and Said We Were Together paintings evoke.
(48 × 60 in) depicts two unidentifiable figures with their
arms outstretched floating in the upper left of the canvas.
Ⓑ While some of Rawles's works, such as Yesterday Called
• New Day Coming (48 × 120 in) depicts a woman in a white
and Said We Were Together, feature two figures in the
dress floating on the left side of the canvas.
composition, New Day Coming features one figure floating in
• She paints the water with vivid blue colors, including mint
blue and navy. the vivid blue water.
• The mood in the paintings is tranquil.
Ⓒ Calida Garcia Rawles captures the water in paintings such
as Yesterday Called and Said We Were Together and New Day
Coming in vivid hues of mint blue and navy.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Ⓓ Among the many stunning works of Calida Garcia Rawles
……………………………………………………………………………………… is New Day Coming, a tranquil 48-by-120-inch painting
……………………………………………………………………………………… depicting a woman floating in a white dress in the vivid blue
water.

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