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2.4 GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT:

SCM have evolved rapidly to automate and optimize the lifecycle of material procurement.
Similarly, SCM are also integral to procurement and use of equipment‘s and corresponding infrastructure.
Supply chain management (SCM) systems are an integral part of organization‘s systems. SCM of an
organization needs to be analyzed, planned, and optimized for sourcing and deliveries in an
environmentally conscious manner.

2.5 GREEN INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS):

A GIS is a software system that provides support to the business to implement its
environment responsible business strategies (ERBS). Thus, this system has to cover the length, breadth,
and depth of various structural and dynamic aspects of the business.

Phases in a GIS Development and Deployment:

Develop—GIS needs to be developed by following agile practices and considering the important phases
of a SDLC starting from requirements, analysis, design, and code to testing. Development has to consider
issues of deployment, integration, and operations. Analysis and design of the system is undertaken using
the unified modeling language (UML) diagrams that helps in modeling the problem space and develop a
solution in design space.

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Configure— Configuring GIS according to benchmarks and rules of organization. This would be an
activity specific to each organization within each industry sector

Use—Use of GIS will lead to ongoing recording of carbon data creation of reports as well as
comparisons.

Fig. Major phases in GIS: development, configuration, and use.

Features of GIS:

The features of a GIS that play a significant role in enhancing this ability of business to
coordinate its environmentally responsible approaches can be listed as follows:

 Collecting environment-related data in real time.

 Providing querying tools, key performance indicators (KPIs), and business analytics to field
workers and decision makers in the area of EI.
 Enhancing the decision-making capabilities of senior management by collating and computing
up-to-date information from varied external sources.
 GIS can continuously identify and upgrade business processes and business practices in
manufacturing, sales, and field support operations in order to make them environmentally
responsible.
 GIS also provides feedback to customers and other external users of the business on its
environmental performance.
 GIS provides the business with the ability to sustain itself for a long time.

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 GIS enables collaboration amongst businesses for the purpose of achieving environmental
responsibilities.

2.5.1 Modeling and Architecting GIS—Requirements, Design, Implementation, and Testing:

The UML has been used in presenting the models of the GIS

Package diagrams—Used to create and model subsystems/Green information portals. Packages can also
be used to create increments and sprints in an agile development approach.

Use cases—Used to show functionalities and business processes from a user‘s point of view. This is the
expected behavior of the system documented as interactions.

Use case diagrams—provides a model describing all the related business processes/functionalities of a
particular package.

Activity graphs—provides a detailed view of every step of a business process. They provide the flow
within a use case or a package of GIS.

Class diagrams—provides a static model of GIS based on its key business entities.

Sequence diagrams—provides a model for the interactions between objects and also rules for these
interactions that are architectural decisions.

State Machine diagrams—Provides a view in which a particular entity passes through different states as
a business process is executed.

Component diagrams—Used to show the interaction of every component with each other.

Deployment diagrams—Used to show the way application will be deployed including hardware and
related infrastructure.

2.5.2 GIS Requirements:

Green ICT is developed to measure only energy consumption and environmental parameters
such as carbon emissions, chemical wastes, and other office and industrial wastes. Green ICT system
analysis and design is performed using the UML. These diagrams help in modeling the operations and
interactions at the business level and also in system design thorough classes, packages, components, and
deployment diagrams.

A typical GIS would involve two subsystems:

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1. Green organizational portal (GOP)

2. Regulatory standards portal (RSP)

2.5.2.1 Green Organizational Portal:

The GOP is made up of organizational data on its ―green‖ performance. These data are
updated by the organizational representatives on an ongoing basis. These data record the organization‘s
pollutant performance such as

(a) Heat generated by the desktop machines, data centers and network equipment‘s within the
organization.

(b) Carbon emissions in the petrol/diesel consumed by the organization, and

(c) Hazardous materials produced by the organization‘s activities such as lead in batteries and mobile
phones.

2.5.2.2 Regulatory Standards Portal:

RSP is a large portal that will be maintained by the government agency responsible for
emission control within a country or region. The RSP will have to have detailed and continuously updated
information on the pollutant categories that are producing the carbon emissions.

2.5.2.3 Package Diagrams and System Scope:

The system should cover all the functionalities required to record, calculate, analyze, and
report on carbon emissions. GOP and RSP functions like emission details management and comparing
them with standards are done based on the company size and location.

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GOP and RSP are shown as two packages that also interface with the interface and administration
services. While the GOP will have multiple instances across various organizations, the RSP will have a
single instance.

Use Case Diagram for GOP:

Fig. Use case diagram for ―green organizational portal.‖

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Use case diagram for ROP:

Fig. Use case diagram for ―emissions benchmark maintenance (ROP).‖

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The activity diagram for the use case ―Calculate Emissions.‖:

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Activity diagram for maintaining emission standards:

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Class Diagram for GOP:

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Sequence Diagram for ―Emissions Check‖

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