Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-
born theoretical physicist
He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to
theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of
the photoelectric effect"
one of his major inventions and discoveries include:
Theory of Relativity: Einstein's most famous contribution was the
development of the theory of relativity, which includes the special
theory of relativity (1905) and the general theory of relativity
(1915). These theories revolutionized our understanding of space,
time, gravity, and the universe.
E=mc^2: Einstein's famous equation, which demonstrates the
equivalence of mass and energy, is one of the most iconic scientific
equations of all time.
Photoelectric Effect: Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric
effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1921, was a crucial step in the development of quantum
mechanics.
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an
American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in
fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound
recording, and motion pictures.
Phonograph: Edison's invention of the phonograph in 1877 is
considered one of his most significant contributions, as it was the
first device that could record and playback sound.
Incandescent Light Bulb: Although not the first to invent the light
bulb, Edison made significant improvements to the design and
made it a practical and commercially viable product.
Motion Picture Camera: Edison played a key role in the
development of motion picture technology, including the creation
of the Kinetoscope, an early device for viewing short films.
Alkaline Storage Battery: Edison developed an improved version
of the alkaline storage battery, which became widely used in
various applications.
Aryabhata (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-
astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian
astronomy.
The title of ‘Father Of Algebra’ was given to Aryabhata, due to his
notable understanding and explanation of planetary systems using
it.
Aryabhata correctly concluded the value of pi up to 2 decimal
places, 3.14.
Aryabhatta rightly insisted that the earth rotates daily on its axis
around the sun and the movement of stars appeared to be because
of the relative motion caused due to the rotation of the earth.
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an
English polymath active as
a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and
author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.
Laws of Motion: Newton formulated the three fundamental laws of
motion, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics and our
understanding of the physical universe.
Calculus: Newton is credited, along with Gottfried Leibniz, for the
development of calculus, a branch of mathematics that
revolutionized scientific and mathematical analysis.
Reflecting Telescope: Newton designed and built the first practical
reflecting telescope, which allowed for better astronomical
observations.
Theory of Gravitation: Newton's law of universal gravitation,
which explains the force of gravity, was a significant breakthrough
in our understanding of the physical world.
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an
English naturalist, geologist and biologist, widely known for his
contributions to evolutionary biology.
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: Darwin's theory of
evolution, first outlined in his book "On the Origin of Species,"
revolutionized our understanding of the origins and diversity of life
on Earth.
Concept of Adaptation: Darwin's observations and research on the
adaptation of species to their environments were crucial in
developing his theory of evolution.
Descent with Modification: Darwin's concept of descent with
modification, which explains how species change over time, was a
fundamental aspect of his evolutionary theory.
Biogeography: Darwin's studies on the geographic distribution of
species and their relationship to the environment were important in
supporting his evolutionary ideas.
Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie[a] (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934),
known simply as Marie Curie , was a Polish and naturalised-
French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research
on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first
person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel
Prize in two scientific fields.
Marie Curie is best known for her pioneering research on
radioactivity and her discoveries of two elements, polonium and
radium.
She also developed the theory of radioactivity, which laid the
foundation for the field of nuclear physics.
She developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services
to field hospitals during world war I
