ASSIGNMENT -02 2) Compare tte following : : = tent Vd hen - Contiqavous mena, A) location echwigues: om ii) Pagina & Seamentechion « — ty Compadiison 9, Contiytious ard Non conti qucws _ 2 Functions Conk i Non-umte > Meme Allo cativn _ | allocation A loca tion Sere Kerhel allocates a [ste Kernel allocates = i amato | Sewetal menachy ahtay = | O prcest. _ | te a process - cach ee | mene asta holds — oe a eee 7 1 ae i Addr translation is Address -prentla +s > Addrers net _Asquided. 1s pardoned by che __ heanclatioe _ mmvu Aeing pregresinn _ execution, oo Exhrevat foagmentichy Tn paging , extethab RAG ify 1St fit best at, fegmentution is hoo not _ OY next fr alfocation Oca but intednal ; is Used. Ba gmentation Coun > Meme Trt Anel fragmentation Occur, . Fragmentation. ONS jf mens Tr Sea mentation — Santis Povfehnned exteLnal poentation in blocks 9 « pees Occure, buy Atetnal Standard Si 205. fragmen sachin hoes not occu. © scanned with OKEN Scanner- | Unlece “the Computer | _Companenl 4 0. Sicpped | Systemprvides a wim prrocece cam be | Aslocation Aegiater, placed ae ete in | Seoapped-in procesc 2 must be pla Ee al “its Cigna GS fos. ; —-_-- = cmpadiinion of Paging §_Aegmentation. ae aSeqmen tution. ) _progytms | 3) Segmentation divides progrowny ixed Aide pages _into Variable Aide Segments. 2) Seepmentation i Closed Ze operating System = mac 3 tt Steps from intra 2) Tt suppers from external po entation. pmontetion. ) “Aogiat odoless fs 4) dogiut addren is divided inte page divided into Mumba g hurnber £ page Offset, Segrnent opyset 9) Page table is used to 5) Segrment table maintain Seaprent ingdimaction. ¢ 9 Scamenctacion b visible Ae wor 4) Sequnemtubion asiilt |p © scanned with OKEN Scanner8) Saepping io eas — nn clue to Sane poge | dif — § frame side ~D_Memady yprence is | time Consuming due 10 ——Herge page table Seqraent teble wD Side 4 page table ) Size 4 Segment table depends Aepends on Jogi col On S13 5 segraint Hen ce. AAdRY Space. Hence ft ik Smoth ik Sige. i+ ip Large in sige ! WD Tt we page tusle t —) T+ wes Seqyroent table Ncrdett physical odds Caleta phyticel GAA trom fen Logical edd DL Poqitat addiey 2) With oa neat Aiagvamn, explain fhe asdking 9. Oddress Danslation in non ti ¥ Allocetion. a ny _ fins >The Shemane Aibtyawm Shows Am tHe CPU Obtaine tm physical Teddven thet a Aoepicas cdclrey . Ths Kernel StAcd ih fede tion about the Premade 0204 allocated tr process Pi And makes it Owailabte Corresponds fo Jett taal > tte _rnenndy arent Lit Computes TH _ppective menadg eddies perough Te pennuta = Hod odelren g memdy ad1a allocated to Comp i + byte numbet Dytej boithin | Pyle »_Comp —_Eptchive adele 9 Ccumpr, byte © scanned with OKEN Scannera = TEE Tm mena oases £ Allocated to procert p, OE OPOGKA exes Hq: Schemat C 4. addosys translatin in noncontryouy mmemdig allocation + STH Ce foo fundamental approaches J inepleannen tina, non contrpucus memory allocation t 1. Pasting. 2. Seamentaution. 4 é > In pops 2 Cath preiesy Consists op fixedrai de Compments Called pages. _ Fhe Side pegs difned by tee Aordioo of o Computer, & demarcation 4 pages implicit in ib. Tt is _portitioneel iro mremoy areas ‘thet trouve che. —~ Some size a4 a page, § Cachoy sfrose msmady, Odea TA Considored Seporadela fa allocatin a page. : 2 Tata voy, Ong pee menicky oda ip exact} Tee Stems si3e 04 o page, $0 txfonal fregmnentes ~ does not arse te System. © scanned with OKEN Scanner> Seqmentution foci titetes hoding | 9} Code date, 4 prqram modules Ale a pest > However, tequments trowe dipper S134, $0 Sto Fernet has ta Wie _ premade Dueuse techniques = Such a4 firctept oy best = fit Alloca-hmn. pe dit facilitates Shaw =} cade» data, & - prryrion raodules Blo processes without i in coring, tktenal pegqmenta tion’ AWN, internal fragmentation occu ay in Paging. 3) Define —__1)_Entetnal 6 external freqmerctertion ii) Physical & Logicat actdrces a) Page cand Page =a __ teas ft) Internat fragmentation / 7 > Internet mentation OCs then men is divided “into fixed—sided blocks and proce 14 Allocated a bck That Aarger than the i menudy it actually needs. | STK heads coasted Space within toe allocated block uw a process nels IKE of tre & _th allocated a 20 kg’ Slock, the 2G fs lorsted. __ i) External frog 0cuy ethen fer _mendy Scattered in Smal blk Across ste Sycpem. _ a ison ne bene ee be comps Aotas fee eB eerie peli ade con ous and Ethie oe hot be usable for wish es — 3 © scanned with OKEN ScannerAx Tp FORME aa Dd Gx Tp FeRde aae several Block a pn 7, leg Ske. 2K6, & Cie), but a 1OKG , f+ Connot be BNotated becarie no Single Dlwck 4 = “ee ost Sf " el 4 pace outside Prenat, locks. Si) Lopes oddiresg: > beginl oddrey also cabtod Oo Vir trek addres . 2 Its The addrecs Gererated by te cou cling, prrgrams execurhion. => Tt iA Used oy prsgrams te _accen Soa 4 iv) Phayaicod codel re4s + TA te actel Locatim ratmndes Aordtoos . > Te me erent Unit Cmmv) Aewpiced addreres 45 phipsi cok a See xe Tf the Cpu genchate s the segicas addres Foo, te MMU might doansade it to due physical odelress 1500. Page: = => A fixed - Ai ae block of dota Styied Th Secondady, | _— memdy (Like a todd ditk). D> Tt is a port oy vival mend system, 2 Exi- Ty fre page sige fs GRE, Cwely part dee badd page will be pkg. fh fee Compuded ts © scanned with OKEN Scannerwv = f 63 =a pred- sige block % data in He main Ceram) > then poge is needed , Ft 14 Aoaded info a page frame. Ex. TH Ram ros Sorrel FEB Slot tach blot 14 & pegs fee: 4) fs List the fonction 4% paging Aeadioars and virtual mene Handled Func hone “9 i Paging Aodduoade | 1 Memory managenent 5 Manages dow the Computer's memes is_ used Pre Ep may Bude het procertes Rave enough om to din. 2 Address Translation? Convets the virtust _ voddrepes Used 4y ce 4. Mendy Protection: Ensures that One | es prgrsas injo physitak addessy uted by fee Aardioare. Page Table Management : Keeps rack of tide cach page is ocated fn mena & on disk Cesc Cannot acess foe memey Used by Anode’ proces Without pelmesaion. Page Fault Handling ; Detects chen a try 1 acces a 'p prqoam That it nop Cumen Hy in mena § ctace Steps To oon teat page into memdiy. Sa © scanned with OKEN Scanner7 ‘faye NpMlement suppere Collect Leoncer Nina NEOs ade to pe The vi a. meme manager 4 vias i - ob pom = dei pote So to Aeplace then a Page fault occurs Functions ok Viatuat Memdy Handiod : ae cae fi Manage Aogicot addres space : 2 Sth up the Swap OF O process, Orga niae Its ogicet odd yess Space in Memory toovewat pogeninn £ Page -out opera Hons, & maintedn its poae teble 2 memay + = keep Aacle of Occupied fase page es mn memory. “ 3. Linplement men protection 7 = Mamteain the infedmaction needed fe menrciy | protection, 4 Collect PE4e Aspelence ['nfedmation? => Paap Oe prowi'des fh Hon Concerning page Aapedences Thu _thpormation — Hh maintained jn approprate dasta bt ructdes feu Lue by the page Seplacement algoritam. | ~&_Papdon page Duplacement : a Decides” Urtatch peges te Demrove tachi then new pages nessa 36 & Siege page Shord _— [=| — =A ferenge Bans } PP © scanned with OKEN ScannerSD Explady dijjdent operahions papdamed on filet fordamentat firle olganisafions Any File Operations: 1) Opaning filet File cysfens Opens tee file Onky Tp 2 POSLEd nec eu abey privileges: >) Keaoling or Biting a Aecorel | File cythemn CFA) CONADS OYQenitotion dhe ple 4 pargions Ne, Opera Hon ace Ovdingliy. 3) Ctosin file, FE updater Tapainnarion concerning file size fn iH directouy emny. - 4) File Creation > File 4 Created 44 braking 6 copy Syn Cx sti fils or by boriting Accords In a new file- Stoker ingsima tion Concey ni aces privileges for the file, 5) File deletion: the file ie deleted few te dhirectby, Ahnctule . The Secondary Aft medium occupied by foe file is peed. 6) File Renaming : The FL Nemembe foe nus Monae o toe file th ipa directly structure. _Fundamentak File - Organization 2A file organisation is Combination 4 fo features A metro 4 oalanging records ino file and a __procedude fa O6Ce sting them. >A meted organining 4 accening dod 7 __Sequerntiat _ ple _orge nization _ > In sequertiak file OrganizeHom 5 De cords ane ced than poccehalng or descending gequents by the Key field. © scanned with OKEN Scanner¢ ths File oon aceeseel sequen tian (p seqpertil _file_cupport too kinds rn Read fe RUE Accord 5 chip the neny tor parvum i i OTF previous) Aecord, qwia_ file Orgenisanion is Lncte re amos h'on iA Lnclependeny Chatacteri —_ To devices. REA Chadacteristicy + p Diet ACEH Fle Organisation © 2 beoordls oe ACCES eh Aandomty = a AMcrd is Using an addiey caludlation foe ____ applied +o the Velue in ity Key fielol. Let P Aecords be covitten on one donck Op tre Bink, TH oddlrery 4 tee Atosrd jor Conplowes Wambo _n AC Pack nimbar Ctr), Arcord Numba (m)) thu fn = He Dvn = h-Cth~1) Kp. a: Graployte + ST Feely TEP EEE © Records iy Sequentiod @_Recorels hh dvece file. File ‘ SB Trdex Sequentioh File Organisabiow: 2 Trdtx Sequential tsa day brid organisation — thet ruses ctoments oF cthe_Indixed Onrel the sequential file organisation te Combine seme Freiy dclvendnges- Lt Use an fadex identify & Section og, the diy Surpace That may Contain O dtsired Accord. Recxds in tha fection die ABR Ode S&aiched ~~ Sequentiatly fixed Agcords. a > File hos a hierorchicat organisation. SL Decords 4 Reapion dy the file 1h fish Loca © scanned with OKEN ScannerThin _seodchad Aq uentiatly. 2 Tee Aighen level index 16 em) ind a prep 4p tects ora Atcerd may ex iat. (The tack is searched to check cchetrar the Atcord exist. _ = Truck . : ater “La high Teck Ge hie A ; 7 1 | t]4s (2 {2 hse : alae qc elec f+ |e 3 oF Hight Level 32 a C Tingle i “Froce thax ign Track indtx amd hight Level rar ba om inl Sequential File. _® Explam tte file syttem 6 tae LOCS wide Meces sayy Aketches- oy fin A File System is the metnods and dota Atrcts peat an opedating Systenn uses to Keep _ rack Nesom dink. 2 Computer. VIS Ait programe 6 data in pil : 40 That they can be reseed Comvenienty Ad Repeatedly. t t 2 File Low mveky fadline 5 the KOnel Share 2 Using, LOCS mechanisns » posible top Lio Btout Knorig te Compliiate details Clo ¢ F = . Boyites- > Focs polity ercue Cppicient UK ge Tl sSubscytteny. + Ones > Fite Sy stenn (aps yses Facies provided | Tees yet fo Tplemewt fhe fumeprou., 2 This onangemont Aide AU details from application v 4, — rey + opplication prgern Pnferact Othe ——__ file sytem: _ ~ File cytpenn A tired K Aprowps ao Aer 4 filec. — + Et contains Com Enty for Cock op these files Toe _ entry Contuing Ingo entget pat acceating te file. © scanned with OKEN Scanner3) hat th 3. jeeps diecty—gesdy ond irs operation sith 6 dimple ditectdy Atruche. “fm div ectouy wm en ope Hog Ayskein 1A —aptdink type ¢ Aaa ee age about ofer files 4 directoy- Ty — Organise § _nnawnage file ma Aterarchical Atruclt, -maling PE eoel to Locate g ace them: >A directty ctyplatiy Contarny tue leing fires: « Flv pane File Locatin Projection Mie te i) Figi- A typicad directly entry d 1. File name! The mates. 4 fos fle Or Atabdivectely 2. Alle Type: The i te fle C FeXE, bias fo _ Sea # Bile izes The Side te file Mn bytes ton Tadd Lrbere Aecords fle Ore Located. ae Flags: Endi cote tdbetie tte [ as am direc qr Do Directly » Lelak, Mom Protection | L Tndiicatey 40 acces tut file © scanned with OKEN Scanner9 Modi FLAtION Date g Thme: Labonte Bp or dive chy a 05 Lost modipred. are File Lacetion | The adders Op Toe Alu Action a gh DISK. Directty operations t-Creatini Addi & new ple oy subdiivectiy rv Deletion: Removing a fle ow Subdivectdy. 3 Renaming + changing A woemnt O, fie or Subdirectdig. . “ Listing * Display ry tee Content ga direc $. Trowessing 5 Nlawigating. teege fa direct Shructwe. Too Level Directdiess Master ¢ User divectaves Brot Dircecedy ae U Sed co aE . Divectoy ft e I a. aa fo omoromon@ lpra, beta gorma alpha Cokendok oe AL crmple obiv eetdy @ Structuhe —Comedotrung. a tao Kids g dtrectdyes ~2 A wer hives Contetns ent entries s chiscribing & need by one wer. © scanned with OKEN Scanner2 Matter divectdy Carruins ih Hon _ about UDs 4 otf MyiAtered wert toe ote 2 A Seperate weer dave corey entab po each, Urs Tht edrargeront providss fle 7 WA We nace feile (om) TOMA wer by yh fo that wiehia directdy fe master divecedy CMD). 8) wih a _neat diagram, explain the bor king % t ok tte 3 Allocatmrs oO disk Space __Ansin pink space alteca ties is porgdioned oy FS utile eae updating, a file. Three types 4 DiKK ‘pace allocations are @ Lmrted allocation @®_ File Allocation table (FAT) @ _Trdexed allocation _ 1. Linked AlleGtion :- File nowt Loc info Alpha | : | bet. Dineehy I SA File x Aepresemted by a Jinked gat 9 daha blotches. © scanned with OKEN Scannerera Sataers See hii [ @ conte) dota; Cantal odottus 0 loth aliscatea ty ree pie 1 S pn ne : oe = a watin fe 4d fle ech entry Spam m ave pint diag Bloc gaa ctor sala OO aapena Thi fred Jim Links wae | 7 bask Bets, ZB _dnked allocation % simple do Emmploment 3 Bat Realiabtivny it poor. i 2. File AUlowtion Table (FAT). Bite 9g pm noone Mage 4) free a Ole | ; [orm i |] 3] ie a { +r : (oe 1 Are |e i i Tend ©. Hot Be (Direc red | | oY) pra (Far) SO _FAT th a VomMent oe Ainted alloca gion, it Shh phe contre! check Sepratg pom te ple data. Dr _ugeol hh me Doe, 1 DFAT iA on tbith Combairy One clement Certly dhisk “btecik Mm the Aa. | BLK fle, its tee hex ee ~ 5 Tp chiag block 16 allocated fo a adel © scanned with OKEN Scanner- > hen fg the file alpha comnts 4s dish Blocks 26 2. Hence dhe directty Orddy $ A alpha Contains 3 —__§ Tle FAT entry dish block 3 conten 2 $4 FAT entry ask Block 2 Fre cots thot fh the host Block pe the pile. 3. Endexed Allocation f, FAT Crile map tabte) _ 1 : a ____fimt beta _ Ss Te Pmt table “Comes cvolotten ay dota blocks odtocated fo & f'le- FMT Can be am adhey Contaming disc bock addey, a Each dutie Slock Comms a © single preld tes daha — fidd aos : a The Location ingormaion Hi hol b liven en pom te Phe mr ye file. > DISK Atotus map TOsm)s Gndicata prea tise dota Slob > idk Afestis mop contain C Ata toy aan re each LAK block . 3 © scanned with OKEN Scanneris olbecated tA Free. gee pba mescage pacing» Cllustrafe Tes Implementation ese post Tap singe posing. pee 7 Mescage patsing is dedmed os A preley g ux ha in fpdmation by sending menag te ome cunbtiad. as E pr mescage passma ig uted mM Situatrou Ute processes with tf Cx Hange Mpdna tion. Process Py Process Py Ducuve (Pi, muy eta); | Lmplenenting, mesoge Pasig > then © proce Pi sends 0 meKoge +o Some procen py by Dain renblocing send 5 dhe Kalnek builds 04 ihrrproceys menage Control Block Comes) Bape _ott_in thin needed te deliv tho mag. >The Centr) block Contes names 4p fre Aende & dustiration procewa » fhe Aangen Op She Pehege, ond te text 2 the menos - i > The Contre}. Sloth allocated & bu ppt the Kernel OMA. Lthen pros mates Oo Aicehe Gil, fre Kemet Copia fle mewege tHe approprvete info tet _mettage adeor_provic by Pr. ST pomyr pied 4 Emces OM watelde cforms sl Emcee sts ¢2 Simply metiagt © © scanned with OKEN ScannerFr > Frye shows te organiza” fp trace Adds ttn > then o preew pj perpdims 0 Decent Catt +o Arcrivt A mesage om process Pj> ate IM OK bose fe tu par Pi-j is ered to delet > biscemy Aevds ond Fors mim Used. Lp blocking 4erdd au wed, Gry pont in te. The pro) a | Semtn Procey | Destnativn Psocey Liners age eng te | mage Torey) i nadker age ola Lt oso ab noth One kent by co proceed tom be _terdeliveed of” an is blocked nti] the menage jp delivered. Hen tt ke ne necealy 1 Copy tee manuegs inte an DMCe. Lmck pomp Enitimoceu mesage cents) gloce Cimen) ~ LES hensteds caecce for pre pass Pr-pj + | | — - Emer pomp fi-Pe oe my al a : ‘ EY Pi- fe Hye messog. possng Mame Symmetic namog © scanned with OKEN ScannerAne, node a “Emcee List ‘fot 7D . Ey E+ ye lar 9 Cundelreld manages Craace Vat) fh_ msg poesi'ng sinh ety mete naming. Derry 4 Inter proces bassieges = Two poset bi littes wise Ustken & proces Pi Lends a reg +o pues Py © pros Pj} As oluody parfdrned co Decerve & is Prdthe blocked State @ Proweu Pj Aas not persemed & Recerve tut uy pein i+ Bone tne in fate. meas: cats ACHOY ade drigyeed by rare bee? ewents, $0 ana be Tpteranted wig wwe nt Conta Blocks Cece) fm €(& Contam 3 pietds —_D Dereniprim o emdic pated weet >) cag, pea proce Plot cwaits the event An ecg porta fo forming Eco a © scanned with OKEN Scanner— Steel a “Deceriphivn 1 | Create am Eml@ Tnitatise its prota 2 i) — ~ | Vy an €¢B fra terol te PS by fi erent ewinty 3. | Then, : O Delivery toe racwege to Pj, © Actrveate j: © Destroy the EC 4 tw Tmce; @ Rep to P13 4 Else - _@ creak an ecw fo _ttecesve pen At by pe eet § putrid 4 fi_Oy te proves asscitng tte evnt; ® Chomat te Stocks 5 fi to locked ¢ on PU the ce eactcliey bo fi l4é Pops © Add fe Dace +0 Fig tmch ist: Explain tre issues in message divect § tndivect hanning pausing. explar M_mesiage posting. © scanned with OKEN Scanner=e Lssue in Meroge Paning aia 7 4, Neewning og _ Procenses tm (erated nannes oO Sender £ JAC prone OM expire! Indicated in send 6 deceive Stutenants . Delivey ap meagre :- iste teal co Sandel process jp Blocked _uwtl tre 1 piewoge Sent by ine) is Baliveed. Seaeeeceate = B. Sewtihy, Mew ages con so — em ly in __batpem. pf >; thee buttery, Such os alloca Hong & preventing owerflors, odd Complexity to the ty item - _§. Synchronize HY! E mau ning trot the Wee " Sendivg % Peceivirg Sy processes OM Sm syncunnred is cruciat. Tp & proce Sends f Pees A menage & te Atcetving proces iA ner ae Duady, tHe menage csuld Se port oy ——_—__ Asgud ring bu. — F_Deadbleck. 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Explam te Addten Tromslation 6 Page foul Aa using TEB GY PTAR, © scanned with OKEN Scannerfiyi- Address dremslachion using TLe >MmY papdms oddiey Promlahon > frddiey Translation Buff: TLR fA a Bro & Tr _O4soUatVe mendy teat is rwseol to ae estimate He Acgetence to tee peige the fob , cperding Tadley ae 2 TLe contains | entries g fre fin ( pege #, page frene Ht, Propection ingo) : a 2 Hos from the abo fig 21g a! 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Te MMU wie B steua +eble addyus tran - contents poege ft clorHion. “Foro Legicad cddress CPi, bi) The MMO compyey ae - —Zpr per + Pi x Leremtry whee Spraentry ik te ena OF oO page tebe entry, % oben oddrs 4 AO page feble entry or page Pi a preg: hos te be Aoweledt tmith fre Correct pds sheer A pra h Adedsuled. Tp [ pocilitare tts, tte Kelnel Can Ste He pase fable dolslvess O Cach proces in I Pee. gmee He TLE is teteol by att procera My a a. System, TH Kolnol mutt erase fis Content [samncyer & Re protests A chedu lod. p) Write @ neat Sketch, explan the Concept Prveleed Py demand posing. T pacdimmaries]. Aus = Demand peging, involves _hterach'ors hepreen harduorse & Sopetesone Components f Virduok oaenty ) fw bbdveen toe tone tee ae orden Tn Undloigarding Tides concep . 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