Name: Margaret Waweru Nyamunya
Institution Name: PCEA Kikuyu School Of Nursing
Course code: 2
Unit code:HE/CU//TT/CR/02/6/A
Lectures Name:Madam Rose Kiambi
CATEGORIES FUNCTION
BLADES
1. Standard scalpels A large curved blade primarily
used for making large incisions in
* Blade number 10 skin and .
*Blade number 11 A pointed, triangular blade used
for making stab incisions,
draining abscesses,and for
precise,short cuts
*Blade number 12 A hook-shaped blade used for
suture removal and in
procedures that requires a
pulling motion,such as
tonsillectomy
*Blade number 15 A small ,curved blade used for
short precise incisions in delicate
tissues, commonly used in
procedures involving the
face,hands and other sensitive
areas.
2.Specialty scalpel
*blade number 20 A large version of the *blade 10
used for a larger or deeper
incisions
*Blade number 22 Similar to the *blade 20 but
slightly larger,used for making
large incisions through thick
tissues
Extremely sharp blades used for
*Microtome Blades
slicing very thin tissues
secretions for microscopic
examination
*Dermatome Blades Specialized blades used for
harvesting thin slices of skin for
grafting
3.Disposable scalpels
*Pre-assembled disposable scalpel Scalpels that come preassembled
with a handle and blade
intended for single use to ensure
sterility and sharpness
4.Laser scalpels
*Carbon IV oxide laser scalpels Use a focused beam of carbon iv
oxide laser to make precise cuts
with minimal bleeding and
reduced tissues trauma
Emit a different wavelength
*Diode laser scalpels
suitable for cutting and
coagulation tissue
simultaneously
5.Electro Surgical scalpels
*Monopolar Electosurgical scalpels Uses high-frequency electric
current to cut tissues and control
bleeding by coagulation.
The current passes through the
patients body to a grounding pad
*Bipolar Electosurgical scalpel
Uses a pair of tips through which
the electric current flows
Providing more precise cutting
and coagulation,with less risk to
surrounding tissues
6.Safety scalpels
*Retractable Blade
Feature a mechanism that
retracts the blade into the
handle when not in use, reducing
the risk of accidental injury
*Shielded Blade scalpels
Have a protective shield that
covers the blade after use,also
aimed at reducing the risk of cuts
and enhancing safely during
disposal
7.Sterile Scalpels
*Sterilized scalpels
Pre-sterilized scalpels ready for
immediate use typically
packaged individually to
maintain sterility untill needed
SCISSORS
1.Bandage Scissors (Lister Scissors) Used to cut through bandages,
dressing and. Other medical
materials without injuring the
patients. The blunt tip prevent
accidental punctures
2.Surgical scissors
Utilized during surgical
procedure for cutting
tissues,sutures and other
materials
3.Iris Scissors
Small,precise scissors used in eye
surgery and for fine dissection
work in other delicate
procedures.
They can be straight or curved
4.Operating scissors
Versatile scissors used for cutting
sutures,gauce and other
materials during surgery
5.Tenotomy scissors
Used for delicate dissection and
cutting fine tissues in procedures
like tendon surgeries
6.Utility Scissors(Trauma shears)
Designed for quickly cutting
through clothes, seatbelt and
other materials in emergency
situation. They have strong,
serrated blades and a blunt tip
7.Dissecting Scissors for safety
Used for cutting tissues during
dissection and other procedures
requiring precision
8.Episiotomy scissors
Used in obstetrics to make
precise incisions during an
episiotomy. These scissors have
9.suture Scissors(stitch scissors) a specific angle and blunt tips to
prevent injury
10.Crown and Collar Scissors Designed for cutting sutures
during removal.
They often have a small hook on
one blade to lift the suture
before cutting
Used in dental surgery for
RETRACTORS
cutting dental materials and
crowns. They are often small and
curved
a. Hand-held Retractors
1.Army-Navy Retractors
2.Senn Retractors
Used for shallow or superficial
3.Hahnemann Retractor incisions
Small double-ended retractor
with one end being small,blunt
b. Self-retaining retractors
blade and the other end rake
1.Weitlaner retractors with three prongs
Used primarily in orthopedic
surgery to expose bones
2.Gelpi-retractors
Has prolonged ends that can be
either sharp or blunt.Use for
3.Balfour retractors shallow incisions and small areas
C.Speciality retractors Used in orthopedic and
neurological surgeries
1.Finoccheitto rib spreader
Used in abdominal surgery,it has
a central blade and two blades
2.Malleable retractors (ribbon that can be adjusted
retractors)
Used in thoracic surgery to
separate the ribs
3.langenback retractors
Used in surgries for holding back
organs and tissues
CLAMPS
1.Hemostatic clamps(hemostats)
Often used in minor surgeries
2.Surgical clamps
3.Towel Clamps Used to control bleeding by
clamping blood vessels.
Common in surgical procedures
4.Atraumatic Clamps
Hold tissues,organs or surgical
instruments in place during
surgery
5.Bone Clamps
Secure drapes or towels to the
patients skin in surgical site to
maintain a sterile field
6.Tube Clamps
Holds tissues gently to avoid
damage.Often used in
gastrointestinal and vascular
surgeries
7.Bulldog Clamps
8.Microvascular clamps
Stabilize or hold bone in place
during orthopedic procedures
Control the flow of fluids
through tubing in various
medical devices
FORCEPS
1.Adson Forceps
Temporarily occlude blood
vessels during vascular surgery
Used in delicate microsurgery to
clamp small blood vessels
2.Aills Forceps
3.Babcock Forceps
Designed with fine serrated tips
for precise handling of delicate
tissues.Commonly used in
saturing skin and handling
delicate tissues in plastic surgery
4.Kelly Forceps
Features multiple teeth for a
form griiop used to hold a gasp
5.Kocher Forceps heavy tissue or the walls of the
intestines
Rounded a traumatic designed to
grasp delicate tissues without
6.Mosquito Forceps causing damage it is commonly
used for grasping
intestines,fallopian tube and
ovarian tissues
7.Dressing Forceps
Curved or straight hemostats
with serrated jaws.Its used to
clamp large blood vessels or
manipulate heavy tissues
8.Tissue Forceps
Strong serrated Jaws with
interlooking teeth used for
grasping tough tissues or
9.Bayonet Forceps stopping bleeding by clamping
red blood cells
10.Bonney Forceps
Small,delicate hemostats with
fine ties used to clamp small
blood vessels
11.Magill Forceps
Serrated or smooth tips for
handling dressing.Used for
12.Russian Forceps
placing or removing dressing and
packing wounds
13.De Backy Forceps Teeth at the tip for a secure grip
on tissues used to hold,retract or
stabilize tissue during saturing
and other procedures
Angled tips designed for better
visibility.used in
ENT(ear,nose,throat)and
neurosurgical procedures
Sturdy,toothed tips-used to
grasp heavy tissue or bone
Curves,smooth tips used in
anesthesia to guide endotracheal
tube into the larynx
Rounded tips with deep, circular
serrations.Used for grasping
tissues during surgery and in the
removal of foreign bodies
Long,atraumatic serrations.Used
in vascular surgeries to handle
blood vessels and other delicate
tissues
