ENGLISH MED 4

LANGUAGE FOCUS REVISION –FINAL TEST

1. Unit 1: Simple future

2. Unit 2: Near future
3. Unit 3: Gerund and Infinitive
4. Unit 4: Past perfect tense
I. Circle the best answer for the following sentences.
1. Michelle _______________________medical school next year.
A. is going to begin B. will begin C. begins D. beginning
2. The patient told the doctor that he ________________such kind of medicine before.
A. took B. has taken C. had taken D. takes
3. Do you remember ________________ here in the ambulance?
A. coming B. to come C. comes D. to be coming
4. If this doesn’t work, we________________ onto the next stage of treatment.
A. to move B. moving C. will move D. moves
5. The doctor _____________his ward round when the consultant _____________.
A. had already finished/ telephoned C. already finished/ teplephoned
B. already finished/ had telephoned D. had already finished/ had telephoned
6. We _______________ you something to help reduce the swelling in your ankles.
A. will give B. to give C. giving D. are going to give
7. This patient had to give up _________________ tennis because of chest pain.
A. plays B. to play C. having played D. playing
8. He decided _____________________ and see you when it got really bad.
A. to have come B. to come C. to coming D. coming
9. I dealt with the new patient as soon as I ____________________his life-threatening condition.
A. had seen B. saw C. seeing D. had saw
10. The professors _____________ review the most interesting case in the clinical session next Monday.
A. plans B. will C. are going to D. intends
11. I’ve tried to stop lots of times but I haven’t managed to kick the habit.
A. to stop/ kicking C. to stop/ to kick
B. stopping/ to kick D. stopping/ kicking
12. lf you reduce the amount of coffee you drink gradually, it won't be as difficult to cut down.
A. is B. will be C. won’t be D. is going to
13. He ____________ten kilos and became thinner and weaker.
A. has lost B. had lost C. loses D. is losing
14. Evelyn is a bit overweight. ______________start any diet?
A. Will she B. Is she C. Does she D. Is she going to
15. He looks so uncomfortable, so the nurse _______________you something to lessen the pain.
A. will give B. is giving C. gives D. gave
16. The nurse took off the plaster that she ____________________ six weeks before.
A. put on B. was put on C. is put on D. had put on
17. ________________the Annual Conference on Diabetes and Endocrinology next month in Seoul?
A. Will you attend C. Are you going to attend
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B. You will attend D. You are going to attend

18. Why __________________ your medicine before you healed?
A. did you stop to take C. had you stopped to take
B. did you stop taking D. had you stopped taking
19. I know smoking is bad for me. I__________________ sometime this year.
A. will quit B. am going to quit C. is quiting D. am being to quit
20. The patient had been unconcious _____________________he was amitted to hospital.
A. before B. after C. while D. during

II. READING COMPREHENSION

Part 1: Read the passages and answer the questions below.
READING 1: Types of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is marked by elevated blood glucose (commonly referred to as blood sugar). A large
portion of the food that we eat is converted by the body into glucose. The blood delivers glucose throughout the body, but
the hormone insulin is needed in order for it to be transported into most cells. Insulin comes from the pancreas. If the
pancreas does not make sufficient insulin or cells are resistant to its activity of promoting glucose uptake, the blood glucose
level becomes elevated.
Type I diabetes represents approximately 5-10% of diabetic patients. It usually has a rapid onset and most frequently
manifest in children and adolescents. Because the body cannot use dietary glucose, the level in the blood is elevated and
excess glucose is lost in the urine, causing weakness, thirst and hunger. The treatment for type I diabetes is insulin
replacement.
Type II diabetes is found in some 120 million adults, who are able to produce insulin but the liver and body cells are resistant
to its actions. Some type II diabetics can be effectively treated with diet alone, but many require oral medications.
Historically, this has been thought of as maturity onset diabetes because it tends to occur after age 50, but there has been
a dramatic increase in the number of adolescents with the disease. This is thought to be due to increased obesity and
decreased physical activity in this age group.
The major complication of diabetes is damage to the heart and blood vessels, which can cause heart attacks, strokes, and
poor circulation. The effects on blood vessels also increase the risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension).
Diabetics have an increased risk of eye disease. Damage to the retina associated with diabetes is the leading cause of
blindness in adults under age 65 in the US.
When blood glucose is high, nerve cells swell and scar. The disease associated with damage to the nerves outside of the
brain and spinal cord is referred to as peripheral neuropathy. The most common type of neuropathy in diabetics involves
impairment of sensory nerves. Impaired nerve signals to the brain about sensations such as the detection of heat or pain
may lead to burns or undetected cuts that can become infected. If untreated, infected foot and leg ulcers can spread to the
bone and may require amputation. Burning, pain or tingling sensations in the hands, legs and feet are also common.

1. Insulin is used to _________.

A. break down glucose. B. change food into glucose.
C. transport glucose into cells. D. make glucose.
2. Insulin is made by this organ _________.
A. liver B. brain C. pancreas D. heart
3. When blood sugar levels are elevated, glucose is lost through the _______.
A. urine B. blood C. pancreas D. liver
4. The treatment for type I diabetes is _________.
A. controlling diet. B. drinking lots of water. C. increased exercise. D. insulin
replacement.
5. The treatment for type II diabetes is _________.
A. controlling diet. B. drinking lots of water. C. increased exercise. D. insulin
replacement.
6. Type II diabetes is increasing in adolescents because of _________
A. increased obesity. B. decreased physical activity.
C. both of these D. none of these
7. The major complication of diabetes is _________.
A. damage to the eyes. B. nerve damage.
C. damage to the heart and blood vessels. D. damage to the kidneys.
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8. A disease damaging nerves outside the brain and spinal cord ________.
A. diabetes. B. hypertension. C. stroke. D. neuropathy.
9. A diabetic may be forced to have an amputation if_________
A. infection begins. B. hypertension begins.
C. poor circulation develops. D. infection spreads to the bone.

READING 2: Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common of the two forms of diabetes, affecting 90% or greater of the people with diabetes. In
type 2 diabetes the pancreas produces insulin but the cells of the body become resistant or the amount of insulin produced
is not enough. Glucose builds up in the blood stream (hyperglycemia) and the cells of the body are unable to function
properly.
Type 2 diabetes can affect anyone at any age but is more common in overweight populations, people with a family history
of type 2 diabetes, the elderly, and people with metabolic syndrome (problems with hypertension and cholesterol issues.)
Some life-threatening problems that can occur with uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Retinopathy is caused by damage to
the small blood vessels of the retina. These blood vessels begin to leak fluid into the retina, which leads to blurred vision.
Kidney damage is caused by destruction of the small vessels in the nephrons allowing protein to flow into the urine. As this
neuropathy continues, the function of the kidney declines and leads to kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease.
Circulatory problems and nerve damage are cause by a hardening of the arteries. This causes loss of sensation, risk of
ulcers, infection and can lead to amputation.
1. What is the problem with insulin in type 2 diabetes?
A. The pancreas stops producing insulin. B. The body cells are resistant to insulin.
C. There is not enough insulin. D. B&C
2. What populations are most likely to get type 2 diabetes?
A. too fat people B. too tall people C. young people D. All of these
3. What causes retinopathy in diabetes patients?
A. Damage to retina capillaries B. Damage to retina fluid
C. Damage to the kidneys D. Metabolic syndrome
4. What causes kidney damage in diabetes patients?
A. Damage to small vessels in the nephrons B. Damage to small vessels in the liver
C. Damage to small vessels in the retina D. Damage to small vessels in the stomach
5 What causes the circulatory problems in diabetes patients?
A. hardening of the arteries B. loss of sensation C. ulcers D. All of the

Part 2: Read the text below and circle the best answer to fill in each blank.
Passage 1
One day, a man named Joe was cooking when his hand accidentally touched the stove. “Ouch!” he yelled. The sensory
receptors (end of the 1_____) in Joe’s finger felt pain and heat. These sensory receptors sent a message along a nerve to
Joe’s spinal cord. The spinal cord 2________the message to mean: “Joe’s hand felt pain and heat. “The spinal cord then
made a decision for Joe to move his hand away from the stove. The spinal cord sent that message along a nerve to the the
muscles in Joe’s hand and arm, making those muscles 3_______. Joe had already moved his hand before realizing he was
getting burnt. This is an example of a spinal cord decision. The experience made Joe think about what happened. “That
was dumb. I’ll be more careful next time.” The decision to be more careful 4______ made by the brain. Usually, automatic
movements come from the spinal cord, while ideas are produced by the 5_______.
1. A. nervous B. nerve C. neurons D. nerves
2. A. interpreted B. interpreting C. interprets D. to interpret
3. A. to contract B. contract C. contracting D. contracted
4. A. was B. were C. is D. are
5. A. nerves B. neurons C. brain D. spinal cord
Passage 2
Once the zygote begins to divide into many cells, it is called an embryo. The embryo eventually 1____itself in the lining of
the female’s uterus (womb). In the uterus, it will continue to develop. After nine weeks, the 2_____ is called a fetus until the
baby is born. Soon after the embryo implants in the wall of the uterus, a complex network of blood vessels forms. This
network is called the 3_____. This is how the mother nourishes the fetus and gets rid of waste products. The urinary and
4______ system of the fetus do not function until the baby is born. The child that is produced has a unique mixture of his
or her parents’ characteristics. The word inheritance means the passing of information found in cells from the parents to
the child. Eye color, skin color, and height are examples of information that is inherited. Information is passed from parent
to child in the form of chromosomes which are located in the 5______ of cells.
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1. A. to implant B. implants C. implant D. is implanted

2. A. embryo B. fetus C. zygote D. gamete
3. A. lining B. vessels C. uterine D. placenta
4. A. respirate B. respiration C. respirating D. respiratory
5. A. membrane B. cystoplasm C. nucleus D. organelle
III. WRITING
Part 1: Write a word for each of the following definitions
1. The substance that is secreted by glands and carried in the bloodstream to various parts of H_ _ _ _ _ _
the body
2. Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina M_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. a membrane which partially covers the vaginal passage in a female who has never had sexual H_ _ _ _
intercourse
4. external sac that contains the testes S_ _ _ _ _ _
5. One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal C_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
movement

Part 2: Write a medical term for each of the following definitions

1. process of recording the seminal vesicle __________________
2. swelling of a dilated vein __________________
3. Profuse bleeding (very heavy bleeding) during menstruation __________________
4. blood condition of excessive sugar __________________
5. paralysis of all four limbs __________________

Part 3: Use no more than three words to rewrite these sentences.

1. It may be useful to breathe through a wet towel or tissue when you feel the symptoms are acute.

___________________ a wet towel or tissue may be useful when you feel the symptoms are acute.

2. The amount of salt you take'll need to be reduced, as salt is harmful.

=>As salt is harmful, you'll _________________________the amount of salt you eat.

3. Getting yourself into some dynamic exercise like walking or swimming will help you a lot.

=> Have you thought of _________________________dynamic exercise like walking or cycling.

4. Before giving the patient a physical examination, I’d learned to take a detailed history from her.

=> After _________________________to take a detailed history from the patient, I gave her a physical examination.

5. You could try and do some relaxation classes. They'll make you feel a lot better.

=> What _________________________stress management classes? They'll make you feel a lot better.

6. How do you feel about eating more fruit and fibre? It’ll make you feel a lot better,

=> _________________________and fibre will help you feel a lot better.

7. The goal of the treatment is to reduce allergy symptoms caused by the inflammation of affected tissues.

=> The treatment is _________________________allergy symptoms caused by the inflammation of affected tissues.
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8. Molly is an emotional type. She is watching a very sad film and the heroine has just died. Molly is reaching for her
tissues.

=> Molly _________________________ as she is reaching for her tissues.

9. Because of not having finished her report, Sam couldn’t attend the conference.

=> Sam couldn’t attend the conference because she _________________________her report yet.

10. Seeing the patient getting better and better made her happy.

=> She was _________________________the patient getting better and better.

11. The surgeons took 6 hours to carry out the kidney transplant.

=> The surgeons ___________________________ out the kidney transplant.

12. Eating fast food is harmful to obese people.

=> It is harmful for obese _____________________fast food.

13. Does she have intention to take part in the midwifery course next month?

=> _____________________to take part in the midwifery course next month?

14. It’s very important for the patient to follow the prescription.

=> __________________________ is very important for the patient.

15. The doctor suggested her staying in bed for a several days.

=> The doctor advised _______________________ in bed for a several days.