I

CAMERIN
HYDRAULid DATA
A handy reference on the s ~ect of hydraulics,
and stea

Edited by

C. C. Bead·

Eighteenth E ition
Second Prin ing
 . . . . . '• . . .

PUJDp Manufacturing Plants.

. . .
··.:

· Buenos Aires, J-\i:gentina•. BC>inbay, India

Brunn, Austria · .. · . . Desio, Italy .
. ·Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Coslada,. Spain ..
Br~ntford, Cari~da · ·. . Chesapeake, VA, [ .S.A. ',
'Bogota, Colombia : <Hastings, NE, U.S;A. . .
Gateshead, England · · ·• Huntington Park, C.\., U.S.A; ._ . · .
Newark, England · · Memphis, TN, U.S.A. . .
A:rnag~, France Phillipsburg; NJ, C.S.A. '.
Orleans, France .Statesville, NC, U.S.A.
· .. Hamburg, Germany .· .· Taneytow~, -l\1D, l'.S.A -. ·

. · ·. :. . .

Pump Types
.'..···• • · General Service • .· Vertical . . .
e Staze
• · . Sinale e Process· • Sub~ersible
• • Sealless . · • :Rotary
• · Solids Handling . • Reciprocating
 ~~~,~-~-----··---
. . . . . . :·

CAMERON
HYDRAULiC DATA·

Preface to the Eighteenth Edit on (2nd Printing)

The Cameron Hydraulic Data Book is an In ersoll-Dresser Pumps .
publication and, as in the previous seventeen editions, is published as an
aid ~o engineers invol~ed with the selection a1d application of pumping
equipment. ,/ .
The eighteenth edition includes a Pump Selection Guide (Section 11)
which matches the comprehensive worldwide;roduct line of . ·
Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps with a sampling of ajor markets served. This
selection matrix helps the user determine which pump types are generally
applied to various fluid pumping applications .. In addition, improvements
were made in the seamless w~ought steel pip~ section (p~ges. 7-8 throug~ 7-
12) to address allowable working pressures ull> to 650° F m accordance with
 . i•,
.,
_4C·_

<·--·
,.....•
~

•
<••
. - ..". ,·. . . · . ,. ·,. ' ..
'
- =~· .
~-.-Ii·
.;..·~
.~ . .
&! .

- · · DISCLAIMER · ;J. •

This pu?licaticin_is design~d ~o provide a compilation of t~chnical . · C '~

-~:.~.- -~i:.;~.i:.!::. a~.;.~.~:..f~:.

tf -1:":~.;~:.;~ . ~~.·.-.:;~:h·~~. ;o:~.:~n.:s:.-:u.a--~ . -1-i.0-
·.· -~g.d:r··t·
·. Pumps 1s .not herein engaging 1n the design of machinery or systems . . ·. . ·

•
.· no:r in the rendering of technical servicesoradvice ... '. ,. : .· . .
·•· .

·.Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps makes norepresentations or wkrranties .

. withrespect to the completeness or accuracy.of-the data or informa-
 .··;,. .
'l
,

..... ·
I) lngersoll•D~ess~rPumps · · Car1eron Hydraulic Data
,.!...
,.: v . ·

,,• SECTION
.. ' Contents

,.'·\'· ·
•....
e,·
)
Hydraulic principles · .
II
e:
I

••
.
, Selected formulas and equivalents ..
E
')·.·
'··;.)'·.,.· Friction data
Water
~ ~
. Paper stock
.
,,.)
r

Viscous liquids . Fittings

,.)·
•.=~-·.·~ -
Liquids-> miscellaneous data · : · .
·).·.·
,.)· . Density-· specific .gravity-c-vapor press
Viscosity etc. · .:
e
:-.
. .

Stearrr-da ta~::~.:.;:.~:;;.~ ..~:::: ·:;..·::·:.: .:.. ::. : :.: ;: . ; .. .. : ::: ; . .: : .. : : . : .. .. : · B

,.\·
';

·/·.
•. ·.'·.·1. .
.

E.le.
. '
ctri cal d·a.ta· .. . ~
. . . . . a· I

··I;
. . ' . ·, . ~. • ••-.
-~
rt'
....-•
~

•~••
••
.

··.·.·~···
-~.(
·.·-c-
··.·~··
.. f•

•••s
;.l·.···l.,,.)).·
. . ,. - ..

.··
 .\,.
.:.,
. '

r.
··- ·-·
..

,)=~
·. .

..

•··~., II
.,•:
., •·:
'
I

.SECTION 1
\

,__

:·.j
..
. J

,
..
'!

..
- HYDRAULl cs ....

:;ftJ . .
)
.

Yi
l , .

.:':~
' •

. .. ..
.

/
.\. ..
.. I

tf.))
·.
. .

'I}
 .,,.,•.
-·:.t~··
(

---1 )
.· ....

l~gel'S_.ll·Dresser Pumps ·-. C~memn Hydraulic Data

-·~-:
.. •· •.•• ,., ·~1~ ::''";:;:-' • •. "-. - · ••

·CONTENTS OF SECTION l

.;
Hydraulics · .
· pa_·ge
. . .·

Introduction ·. · · · 1-3
Liquids : ' ' ''' . ·: ' '
1~3 .·
' .·•
._.· .~·.

;~~;~~ : . : : : : : : : :: .: : : : : : : : :: : : :
Liquid Flow . ~.-.·~ · ....... . ..• ; · 1-4 .· ·. u.

Volume-> System Head C~lculatioi;is~SuciioriH~ad .. , , .. 1-6, .1°'7 ·

-, . . ~ : . : : : .: : : :: : ~ : .• . . . . . ---~~

· · ·
. Suction Lift ~.Total Discharge Head-·· Velocity H~ad ... . . . ·. ~ 1~7, 1 -B . )·· a.•!
· ThtalSys.Head~Pump Head~-Pressure;Spec; Gravity 1~9, 1-10 · .: · .· 15··
<'.
1
Net Positive S~ction Head • ~ .· ; . . . 1-11 . • ..
NPSH-S{ictionHe~d-Lift; EJ1:arii!)Ies: . , . . . . . , . Hl, to1-16 . '
NPSH---Hydro-Carbon Corrections •. •· ; ·:. ~ ; · 1~1.6 ·. .·: •
·. NPSH-···R~cipro~atingPumps : • l-17·. · · •.

s. : :
Acceleration Head=-Reciprocating.Pumps .· : - HS .· · :, (
Entrance Losses= Specific Speed : : ....• : .. ·.· H9 !' •
· SpeciI~Speea-·Impelle~ < . ~ . ·. ; : •· .. : ; .. : · ; . FI9~··.•--~~-
· .•
Specific Speed-. Suction , , >. . . . . . . :.· . ; . . . . ~ ; -, . . . . . . ~ ·. 1-20, l" 2r .
 ·) .
t.·--·· ;. Hydraulics

f ,,,:

'
''

II
Introduction

The following outline is' offered for those who have a basic
understanding and knowledge ·of hydi aulic and fluid dynamic
principles, but who.~ould ~ea co?vei:D-e~referen. ce ~o variou.s items
that must be taken into consideration in e commercial selection and
application of pumping equipment. If. m re detailed information is
desired, or to. investigate .the subject in greater depth, reference is
suggested to the many. Textbooks, Tee . ical Papers, Engineering
Handbooks, Standards and Manuals that· re available, some of which
are listed
. . ~
in Bibliography at the conclusior
.
. of this section. (Page 1-53)

Liquids .

Hydraulics is· concerned with the beha ior of liquids at rest and in
motion. A· Iiquidhas a definite volume a contrasted to a· gas which
will expand or contract depending on c anges in temperature and
pressure.

Liquids are said to be "practically" inc mpressible. This is true for

. most considerations at low pressures but at higher pressures and as
temperatures varYi_ there will be chari e -in density which must be ·--
taken into account. ·
 ....... ' ..... :.:. ·-~·· ·~

I) Ingersoll-Dresser
...
. ' .
.Pumps . · . Cameron Hydraulic Data .
. ·. . . · ..

Fig'. No. l · .·

.Referenceis made toFigureLillustrating diagrammaticallyasim- .

. . . . ple centrifugal pump; .here it will be observed that in its simplest .
·. form a centrifugal p~rnp consists of an impeller rotating within a.
casing. Liquid directed int6 .the center. of. the rotating impeller i~ .
. pickedup bythe.impeller.vanes and accelerated' to ahigh.velocityby _ .·
-. the rotation. of the impeller and discharged by centrifugal force in to.
the casing and outthe discharge. ·When the Iiquidin the impeller is
forced away from the center of .the-impeller a
reduced pressure is .
· _ ··produced and consequently more liquid flows .forward.. Therefore a
· . steady.flowthroughthe impelleris.producedunless something hap-.
pens to break the .vacuum ~t the .inlet or disrupt the. flow to the
center of the impeller ;or unless the flow .atthe discharge is restricted
 Hydraulics
I
factors can be expressed in terms of a d rnensionless number called
the Reynolds number R where:

R. VD
v II
V =Average velocity-ft/sec
. D =Average internal diameter-ft
v - Kinematic viscosity of the fluid-rn2/sec (For pure fresh water
at ·so°F u = 0.000 01216 ft2/sec) ]· . · . ·. · .'

. For values of R less than approximat ly2000 the flow is laminar

(viscous_); i.~.,particles of ~he liquid follow separate non-intersecting
paths with little or no eddying or turbulence. . . · . .

When R is above 4000 turbulent flow is considered to exist. ·

. · Values of R between 2000 and 4000 are in the critical zone where
· the flow is· generally considered to be t~rbulent for the purpose of
friction loss or pressure drop calculatidns; this gives safe results
because the friction loss is higher for tur~ulent flow than for laminar
(viscous)
.
flow.
.. . . .

. Viscosity ·
 .(.
I J lng•~soll·~l'es~erftumps · · · Ca~eron Hydraulic :Qata, .:i
~- - ------· -"-'\
:e'
.-· --· -··---- --·

.• . A ~iqu~d. is said to be "dilatant" if the viscosity incre~ses as .

••.,.
·. ~git~tion is increase~ at constant temperature: examples of "dilatant" ~,
Iiquids are clay slurries and candy compounds. -•

·. Pumping · }

-··:•
. . . -

To m~ve a liquid against .gravity or to force. it into a pressure

·-.):·:'
vessel, or to .• provide enough .head.. or pressure head, to overcome pipe .·
.friction and other resistance, work must be expended. The. type of
pump· to be considered for anY application is· normally a financial
·decision .. Technically, centrifugal: and 'reciprocating pumps· can 'both .
perform -. -riearly .any .service . fuiictiorl.''But:Jarge•f1ow. 'applications . &!)
.require .such a-Iarge reciprocating-pump thatitis cost prohibitive ... '
. Normally such applications are better handled by centrifugal pumps. . -:·.!:
As a general rule, reciprocating pumps are best suited for low flows.
· · and high pressures .. · •· · · · · · · · · .-·._.
•c
·;~··· .
\

· ..•.. :No matter whattype of pump is used, norwhatservice is required

of a pump, all
forms of energy -imparted to the liquid both on the
t ~-
suction and discharge • . sides+in performingjthis. service must .be
accountedforin establishing the duty to be performed. .

. ' In ·ceritrifugal pump applications in order.·.that. ~ll these: -fOI'IllS or'•

energy may be algebraically added it is customary to express them all '
'l:•·c·
. 11
 ~~~~·-------··---~.- - -·-

.· Hydraulics

I
System head calculations

The total head (H) - formerly called "total dynamic head" - for
a specific system is equal to the total di charge head (ha) minus the · ·
total suction head (h.) or plus the totals ction lift. ·

It is recommended that total head cal ulations for the suction side
be listed separately from those for the · scharge side to help avoid
the possibility of overlooking a troubleso e suction condition.

In this discussion the terms suction head and suction lift (or the
equivalent of a lift) are discussed sepa ately to help visualize the
1

suction condition that may exist.

Suction head · ·

Suction head (h.) exists wh~n the liq id supply level is above' the
pump centerline or impeller eye. The to al suction head isequal to
the static height or static submergencei feet that the liquid supply .
level is above the pump centerline 1 ss all suction line losses
including . entrance loss plus any pre sure (a vacuum · as in a
condenser hotwell being a negative pres ure) existing at the ·suction
supply source. Caution - even when th~ liquid supply level is above
the pump centerline the .equivalent of~. lift will exist if the. total
suction . line _ losses (and vacuum . effect) exceed the positive static
 is equal to the.staticliftin feet plusallfriction losses in the suction
· line including entranceloss. '. · ·

. When the llquid .· supply level or suction source is above· the pump ·
. · centerline orjmpeller eye and under a "Vacuum, as ·in a condenser · ·
. hotwell, the equivalent of a suctionlift Win exist which Will be equal
to the. vacuum
' .
effect in feet
,: . ~
less.- . the net
'· .::
submergence.
.
. .,

. On an e:iistirlgi:ns.t~lla.tion the total suction .lift is the reading of.a

. mercury column or vacuum gage at the suction flangeconverted to .
. · ·feet of liquid and corrected.tothe pump centerlineelevation minus· .
· thevelocity head in feetofliquidat point ofgage .attachment, · .

·. 'fot~l discha~ge head (hd)-+is ·the sum of: (l) Static discharge .head.
· .·. (2)AU piping arid .• friction losses on discharge side including straight· -.
· runs of pipe, 'losses at allvalves, fittings, strainers, control valves; .·
· .· ·. · etc~ ( 3) Pressure; in discharge · chamber (if a. closed vessel) .. · ( 4) Losses ·
·at sudden: enla.rgem~nts-:(·as .in acondenserwater box) .. (5)Exit'loss.
. at Iiquid.dischargeIusually assumeclto be equal to one velocity.head .
. . atdischarge velodty}(6).Plus any loss factors that experience indi-
. ·. cates may be desirable". : •: · .

· On an existinginstallation total dischargehead would bethe read-

. . ing of a pressure gage at th,e discharge flange 'converted to feet of .
 Hydraulics
The velocity head energy component i used in system head calcu-
lations as a basis for establishing entr nee losses, losses in valves

II
and fittings, losses at other sudden enla gements and exit losses by
applying the appropriate resistance coe ficient K to the V2/2g term
(see page 3-110). ·

In system head calculations for high h ad pumps the velocity head

will be but a small percentage of the tot head and is not significant.
However, in low head pumps it can be a substantial percentage and
must be considered.

When total heads on an existing insta ation are being determined

from gage readings then the velocity he d values as calculated must
. be included; Le. the t~t~l suction lift wil be the reading of a vacuum
-. gage ormercury column at the suction flange, corrected to the pump · ·
'centerline elevation minus the velocity tjead at point of gage attach-
men~. The total suction head and total[ dis.charge head will be ~he

=
readings of gages at the flanges corrected to the pump centerline
elevatiori plus the velocity heads the tnts of.gage atta~ments.

T?tal system head ( H ~ - formerly total ld.ynarmc head-. is t~e. total

discharge head (hd) minus the total suction head (h5) if positive or
· plus if a suction lift: H == hd - 'h, (head) or H == hd + h, (lift). (Note:
For typical suction head calculation, s e examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
 •. /

I) Ingersoll-Dresser P~mps ·. · Cameron Hjdf aulic Data · · · -.:-:;

·~·••
.•
-·
.. ·
. ..., - ... :. ···- -- ~ ·--· ~- ~ ....

Head i~ feet x sp gr
Pressure in psi ..... ------,.....,..-----....::;--;=-,-
2.31 .
1•
~•·
·or _
. -Pressure in psi= lleadi;!~et xW·.
·t•,:
.•
.

Where .W-, *Specific weight in-pounds percubic .foot of liquid

· · being pumped underpumping conditions; ForWater W . · 62.:32 · ·
•••• -
....)
...
.
lbpercuft~t 68 degrees F (20?C). · .· · · · · · · -.' .

Acoluillil of water 2.31 ft.high will e~~rta pressure of one (1 l psi .

,,...,
.• l
_ based op waterat approximatelyGfi'<F;" . . . .

· .c.•:j.
.. .: .

. · Figures i.and. a are. included to: help ~stlalize the head-pressure >:
·relationship-~ of.centrifugal PUil1PS when handlingliquids of varying.

..,,
. ; ·· ... -.. .~

specific gravities. . : • . . ·· . . . : . . ·. . . . . . · ..· . · ... · · ~

to
'. · tr:: . . ,

Fig. 2 'illustrates three · iclentical .pumps; eachpump designed. .·· ..

. develop.ii5;5ft. ofhead: when pumping water with a specificgravity : . ·~ )

of i.o (at 6$°F) ·the pressure head willbe 50 psi (1J5.5_ ft divided .by · ·tla
· 2.31 );."When 'pumpingliquids ofother gravities.ithe head (in feet) Win
he the same; but thepressure head (psi) will be proportional.to the ·:1.·
....
specific gravities as showrn.to ~void errors, itisadvisabletocheck .: ·
..
.. . . ..

·9·
'

. one's calculations by using the aboveformulas. . . .

-=-·
 ~~-r
-
-·
- ------.
=--~· I
I
H=l65f t
I
II
II

H=96ft I

l
I
I
t ~ --------l--P-<•
. ·-
--· - 50psi 50psi

sp gr=l.2 sp gr= 1.0 sp gr= .70

Fig. 3 Pressure-headj-elattonship of p~mpsde ivering sa'me pressure handling
liquids of differing specific gravity.

Figure 3 illustrates three pumps, eafh designed to develop the

s~m.e p~essu.re head. (in ~si);. conse_quent~y.
the h~ad (in feet of liquid)
will be inversely proportional to the specific gravity as shown..
. .

In these illustrations friction losses, e ., have been disregarded.

. · rl .I 1ng.ersoU-Dresser. Pump·s. .· .· Carnero~
·i·
·< .•. '•
. .

·where:
·.. ·:

-
. . .. ..~ : ,
Hyari:n1lic D.ata
.. , ··-···· - ..

.. ..
,.,.,

..;. ..
.. , .. -.'.

··-' :.. .•·...

.· ··.··. · ·--···-·····-··:·~··......

·--
. . .
-~--- -
.
"'·~···
.
---~
..:--.·······

.,.,,. ---
·;-:· .. ·····,··-··--·--·--··

e- - -
.
• '·
··1
.......
t . '\

h, = absolute pressure (in feet of theliquid being pumped) on the

surface of the liquid supply· level (this will be barometric
pressure if suction is from an open tank or. sump; or the
· absolute pressure existing in a closed tank such as a con-
. denser.hotwellor deareator).
hvpa _ The headin feet corresponding to th.e vapor pressure of the .
liquid atthe temperature being pumped. . . . . .
hst ·==.Static height, in feet that.the liquid supply level isabove or '
· ·. . -: · . below the pump centerline or.impeller eye. · . · . · .•.. · .' . . ·.
. · h., =All suction linelosses (in feetj.including entrancelosses and
. ·friction .losses through pipe, ·valves .and fittings, etc .: ·

"Two value's of. net . positive' suction head must be considered; i.e ...
/Net Positive Suction Head 'Required (NPSHR) .and NetPositive
· · SuctionHead Available CN.l)SHA)~ · · · ·

. The N.PSHR is determined by the pump manufacturer and will

· ·. 'depend on · · •many factors including: type ·.of Impeller inlet, impeller -
design, pump flow, rotational speed, .n~ture of liquid, etc. NPSHR is
- usually plotted on the characteristic pump perf ormance curve sup-
. plied by the pump manufacturer. The .Net Positive Suction Head
. Available (NP SHA.) depends on the system layout and must always
· . be equal to or greate~tli~ntheNPSHR. -!. · . . · . ,~:-:t7f:~ . .
 --4-----------~ "Hydraulics

Atmospheric
Pressure
++++++ I
68°F
_} ~ Water
Fig. 4. (Example No 1)
.. ,/ ~ ,' I ; , •, (

· Example No 1(Fig4)
-:. ...~ -~--··--- ~~
?_?:_~ _sy~t~m)source below._pump; 68°[~ water at sea level. ~tm?-
spheric pressures 14.696 psia, 33.96 ft abs. Vapor pressure of liquid
0.339 psia = 0.7_83 ft abs. ..J:; ~Ii ·
r.:· -~ ':·
, . .• ' . '.!
. r'1 ~ .; .: \ ·.·<JI•'' . / /. ·I 111•
r~;·t'· I

NPSHA = .33.96.: - o. 783 - 10.00 - 2.9 = 20.26 ft

· Suction Lift= 10.00 · + 2.92 = 12.92 ft-·this is to be added to dis-

charge head to obtain total head. _

Note: No p~mp can.actually liftwate~ on the s1;1ction side. In this

case, water rs forced m by an excess of trnosphenc pressure over the
vapor pressure less 12.92 ft net static lif :
•• •
· - ' • • • I ' ~

Example No 2 (Fig 5) .
 . . . .. . . . . . . . ..

Suction Head-10.00 ~ :2.92-== 7.08ft-·-this istobe subtracted from: .

. discharge head to obtain total head ... ·
At mosoheric
Pre.ssure
•• t .• l •
-·- --
--··--·

-·
- -
212 ° F - ~ - -- --~
Water -. · -:..:-_-
- •
--r.·
j • • '

10 ft.
•

.· t· · . · -. ·, .
.
.
..
'.".
'.
....
. .
'. .· .... ·.
< •.••••...• ·.• .. -,
·. '

·. · .·. Fig. 6 (Example 3) · · .

. : .. .·.· ....
·. . ·, . . . . . .

· Example No. 3 (fig. 6)

· · ·.· Open system, source above pump; 212.•0.F .water at sea level; vapor .
. pressure same as atmospheric sinceliquid.at boiling point. At 212QF,
·. the vapor pressure of water->-in .feet of 212°F water=-is 35~38 ft .
. · ( 14.696 x 144 + 59.81 . '35.38). .: ,•' ' '
. NPSHA == 3S.38 - 35.38 + )0;00 ~ 2.. 92 7.08 ft .. In this case, at~
mospheriepressure- does-not ~Eldte NPSHA since it is required-to.
keep
.
the water in liquid phase.
' . . .
· · . . . . . ' ' ·'
 ~~~-----·
· Hydraulics

Example No 4 (Fig 7).

I
Clo~ed . system :.(under pressure as a f ed water deareator] source
above pump. -·· · . ·
350°F water V.P. = 134.60 psia = 348. 7 ft abs (at 350°F sp gr =
0.8904 ).

NPSHA = 348.67 - 348.67 + 10.00 - 2 92 == 7.08 ft.

SuctlonHead=- (Figure basis gage pressls; i.e., 119.91 psig = 310.61
ft)== 310.61 + 10.00 .; 2.92 == 317.69 ft-This is to be subtracted
from the discharge head to obtain total kystem head. It is important
to note that while the suction head isf 317.69 ft (122.67 .psig) .the
NPSHA is still only 7.08 ft .. ·

Example No 5 (Fig 8 )-. Closed system ( nder vacuum as a condenser

hotwell) liquid source above pump. A solute pressure (ha) == 1.50"
Hg X 1.1349 . 1'.70 ft. Water at satura ion point 91.72°F; therefore

..
•··1:

•:.:.i
[:" ) ;
··.'" .
NPSHA = 1.70 - 1.70 + 10.00 - 2.92 t
vapor pressure (hvpa) = 1.50" Hg X 1.1349 = 1. 70 ft.

7.08 ft.

:
I
\'
;.!- - - - ~ - .Suction .Condition =-ln-this-example_tlJ'.e_s.uction_condition_(heacL or_
).'; lift) for the pump can best be visualiz d by the calculations listed
below where it can be seen that we ha e a suction lift equal to the
-, 1
 ·:.· _ . :' : :_

Cameron Hydraulic
·- :·· . . ,.
Data - .. .
:·· " .. ; . .. . ·-· .. " ··- : -.-··-··:··~·-~.-·······: .· .. :

28.42" Hg v acuunc;:·2s.42 x i.1349 · . 32.25 ft

Static submergence . . . . 10.00 ft
· Friction and . entrance loss · - 2.95 ft:
. ·. .
. . .

· Net static submergence . 7.Q8ft '. ,.- 7.08 ft

Equivalent suction· lift == vacuum .
. effect less net submergence 25.17ft

In this example it is noted that the NPSHAis equal to the static.

'suction.head less the frictionandentrance.Iosses. Alsotheequivalent . ', ·.
suction .Iift mustbe added to the total discharge head to obtain the .
. total system head. ·•· · · .· · · · ·· -. ·

· In th~ . foregoing examples ", standard sea level attnbsphJdccond!~·

tions were assumedj for other 'locations where altitude is factor a .
propercorrections must be made. 'I'heseexamples. (3, 4 and~ 5) illlis-
. tratethatif the 'liquid .isin .equilibrium (vapor 'pressure corresponds
. . to saturation temperature) theri the NPSH is equal to the difference .
· ··in elevationbetween the liquid supplylevelandthe pumpcenterline .
. ·elevation (or impeller eyelIess thesumoftheentrance lossand·the .·
· friction 'losses in: the suction line. > · · -.. ·. .·. . · . .. · .· · · .

NPSHredtlctioris-hy4rocarbon liquids and hot water

. The NPSH req~irements of centrifugal pumps are norll1ally deter-
 ..

'Hydra uli cs

II
3. In the absence o( test data demon trating NPSH reductions
greater than ten feet the. chart has een limited to that extent · ·
and extrapolation beyond that point is not recommended;
4. Vapor pressure for the liquid sho ld be determined by the ·
bubble point method - do not use t e Reid vapor pressure.
5. Do not use the chart for liquids ha · entrained air or other
non-condensible gases which may e released as the absolute
pressure· is lowered at the entranc to the impeller, in which
case additional NPSH may be equired for satisfactory
'operation.
6. Iri the use of the chart for high temp rature liquids, particularly
· with . water,· due consideration must be given to the
. susceptibility of. the suction syste ·to transient . changes in
tem?~rature and: ·absol1:1te• p.res. s111~e which might req~ire
additional NPSH to provide a margin of safety, far exceeding
. ·. the reduction otherwise. permitted f r steady state operation ..

Subject to the .above limitations, whi , h should be reviewed with

the Manufacturer, the procedure .in usi' g the chart is. as follows:
Assume a pump which requires 16 fee*.PSH on cold water at the
design capacity is. to handle pure prop . · e at 55 Deg F which has a
vapor . pressure of approximately . too psia; the ·, chart. shows a
reduction of 9.5 feet which is greater than one half the cold water
I

NPSHR. Th.e corre. cted value oft.he N.PS~.:R] is one.half·· the cold water
NPSHR or 8 feet. Assume this same p~phas another application to
 . ~>:. . .;. . . ; -~· . -~ ._

.;
. - .-·I ..,~~lng_ersollatl)re5-~~rPumps•.· . Cameron HydraulicData .

quirement-is. termed "acceleration,head.'; ·This is the head re~cl~~d t~

. accelerate the liquid column on each suction stroke so that there will be
·.· . no separation of this column in the pump or suction line. . · .

-If this minimum cohditionis not met the pump Will experience a
fluid knock caused when the liquid column, which has a vapor space
between it and the plunger, , 'overtakes 'the receding plunger. 'I'his
', knock. occurs 'approximately two-thirds. of the way through the ·.suction ·
stroke. If sufficient.acceleration is provided.for the liquid to completely
. follow the . motion of the receding. face of the plunger, this knock
· · will disappear, . .. · ·. .

. If there is ·. iiisuffic!ent hEJaA to' meet Illiniillu!ll acceiiitation . · .·

. requirements of NPSH, the pump will experience cavitation, resulting .
. in loss ofvolumetric efficiency, Also, serious damage can occur· to the . . .: ·
plungers, 'pistons, valves and. packing due to .the .forces released in
. collapsing-the gas or vaporbubbles.: · . · . . .· . . .· · .

. .· . .: Acceleration he~d - r~cipr~catinit' pUrit;s • · .

. For iI1depth informatio!l on NPSll and Acceleration Head, see the ..

section entitled "Pulsatio!J. Analysis arid System Piping," . ·. . . . .
 Hydraulics

Entrance losses

Special mention is made of entrance oss considerations because

failure to appreciate and providefor this problem is one of the major
II
c.au~es of faulty. pump. ~e~ormance, pJa:ticularly when handling
Iiquids that are in equilibnum such as light hydrocarbons from a
vacuum tower or condensate from a con~enser hotwell.

· Refereilce to Figure 9 illustrates thai when tiling suction from

the bot.tom of a tow.er, or a sid. e. outletlfr.om a condenser hotwell,
sufficient static height (h) must be p ovided to . account for the
entrance loss and velocity head at po· t "A" phis any additional
submergence that may be required to prevent vortices from entering
·.the suction line. The submergence required to control vortices may be
.reduced by using suitable bafflesor othe anti-swirl devices. ·

Specific speed .·

.·In the intelligent consideration of ce trifugal pumps it is helpful

to have an understanding of specific spe d to determine if the pump
. design being proposed. is within certain established limits for the
. service conditions under which it will operate.

· In "specific. speed". terminology, ·. thle are two considerations:

'impeller (or discharge) specific speed · d suction specific speed .
 .:.·. .> . . ·:·.

.• ......

...4:·•
.
. '
:· . · .. :. ·., ..··• ::. ", . ·. - __ :... . ..
•·.·.· ;
_.i ......

;.i....>A
. · · Impeller specific speedis anindex as to the type ofimpeller whenthe
factors in the above formula correspond to its performance at optimum
. (orbest) efficiency point. It is a useful tool forthe Hydraulic Designer in
· . a:
. t..•-,,,

~:~'
. the.designing nfimpellersto meet varyingconditions of head; capacity

.;fi~1
'(and shape ·_of.·curve), suction conditionsand . . speed: Impellers.for . high
heads and Jaw net positive suction head required usually have .low
specific speeds,. whereas impellers for .low heads and high NPSHR !""."-
· · usually have. high specific speeds. Depending ()n the type of impeller,
can
.-(
. ·.·.

specific speeds range between 400 and 20,000 foricommercial

· designs, Acccirdingtp.sp~cificspe~dvalues,il!lpe1lers-·and pumps can be
····1
1 ·•

classified roughly as follows:'. . . . ' . . . ' ...

.: J.,.e,
- . . ..
... .· ·.. .- . ·..

.. ..
..· Below 400Q~Centrifu.galor.Radial type; .. ·.· . ':
Between4000 arid 9000-Mixed Flow; . ·
Above 9000-AxiaLFlo\V.•· -. · ·. · · . ······'"):
~
The charts and-illustrations included herewith e-- ·pages 1-47 and . ·.·.-.-~1a.'.1
. 1-48 -· · . show typical impeller types for various specific speed ranges; .
also the variations in h~ad-·.· · capacity performance characteristics for ...
. ,'i: ··~
·.··1,l
.•
·.·..
. various specific speed are illustrated;'. ·. . . . .

. Specific speed. is also very Valuable criterion i~ determining the

<~
t_·.,-.l'.:
.-~~ l -·'
permissible safe maximum suction lift or-the minimum net positive .

·f1~
suction head. ~-required for various,
. .. -
conditions. of'capacity, head. and speed.
' ·. . ' .'
·,_·{1 .._ ... I
 . Hydraulics

where

:: = ~=~s~:;~~ity at best effi4ency point for single suction

first stage impellers, or on] half the design capacity in
ll
gpm for double 'suction first stage impellers (at
maximum diameter). .
NPSHR = Net positive· suction head. required in feet (at best
. "efficiency point). ·. · I · . · · · ·.

f
By sel~cting reasonable value~ for S hich hav~ been dete~ned
by experience and can be considered 1conservative, the Engineer

certain~.!
must med in making a suction line Iayout can estimate what NPSH
must be provided to handle a (gpm); i.e. . .
· . . . (NPSHR)314 = rpm
' s' m . ·

NPSHR . (rpm S m y~
. Suction specific speeds (S) can range between 3000 and 20,000,
depe~~ng on ir~peller ·design, spee~, I c~pa~ity, nature of liquid,
conditions of service and degree of cavitltion. · ·
 l) lngerscll~Dresser Pumps .· . Cameron HydraulicData
._,;.
•.
·._· -. (

· !~~
submergence is a term used to relate liquid level to .the setting of a
--
..' : __ ,_._

1.:
. ·'···
· .vertical immersed wet pit type pump with a free air surface at the
·

·. liquid supply level. '.4'•-

In the . case of. a 'conventional hodzontal pump operating with. a
suction lift, or a large dry pit type. pump,. with a flooded suction,
some submergence orliquid level, in addition totlieNPSHR, may be
1••
11··•
1-re
necessaryto · preven t vortex .formation on the liquid supply surface I ..
,·:•
.._· a. .:.•·
.
. and thus preclude or retard the. possibility of air being drawn .i!lthe

...--..c-.
· pump suction intake.' The amount of submergence will depend to · ·
some. extent on the design of the suction intake; Le. a bell or cone ·. 41i·•
shaped entrance should requirelessthan a straight pipe intake ..". .'

.•. Intake design .-•·•· .

. • ·. . In addition to providing sufficientsubmergencefor vertical wet pit. ', · ....
. ·· . immersed pumps.it isimperativethat the sumpandintakestructurs .· . · . ·
· ·be of properproportions-c-and that pump arrangements be such as":
1
·. · ' · .•.
cf;
-~ ~- - -io-precltide--rineven-vek>ei-t-y-cl-i-s-t-1ihl:lti0n-s-in:. the-approaeh-tothe-pump- -· ~__,.--. -. ~
or around the suction bell. · . · · . · : •
1
. U~ev~nveioci~y ciiStributlons particularly when acCoIIlprurleclb); .·. _ -.i._l :..
c_
. . .·
· . · insufficientsubmergence can resultin.theIormation of vortices which: I
. will introduce air in the pump suction causing a reduction in Capac- •
. ity, unbalance andrough operationresultinginrapid deteriorationof · ·.2·; .·_
..·~.:)
'•,'
-,

·-.·
•··;.C

II
Vertical wet "pit pumps

··.~
....._, .
... •.
: ...
. ) . Referring to Figure 10 and using the p mp suction bell diameter"
( D ) as a reference:
··'·
'
1. Back wall distance to centerline of p mp is 0.75D.
2. Side wall distance to centerline of pu pis 1.00D.
3. Bottom clearance (approximate) is O.~OD.
4. Location of the intake screen can var depending on the partic-

minimum from inside face of screen tt

ular design, but usually should be 1in the range of 3D to 4D
centerline of pump,
5. Intake tunnel velocity should be less han 2 to 3 ft/sec,
6. No restrictions or sharp turns shou d occur less than 6D or 3
times the channel width in front df· the pump, whichever is
greater.
7. Provide water depthIsubmergence) ver the pump suction bell
in accordance with the "Capacity vs. ubmergence" chart-Fig ..
No.14. . . .
. "Check Manufacturer for dimensions.
--------..,--------------. -
:. o ~ o, .0 •' O. • 6 ·•• o. • · • -: C'1
. ·I
. ..··~ . ·-.; ·- ; '• .- . •. . ':'

.•
~·· 1-gerSoll·bresser P~mps . · Cameron Hydraµlk bata tf-f~
. ... . J(J:··
I . ·i...
so
I ...

tions one pump will not iriterfere hydraulically with the operation i;~
,._- ·
· of another. However, if this is not practical, as may be the case with 1 ••
small pumps, a number of units can be installed in a single large. :~. •_ --·.

-~··•
.
. sump provided that: . .. · ' . :IJ_e
{

· 1. They are located in a line running perpendicular to the ap-

proachingflow. . . · ·.• · ,_ · · · ·. · · • . · •. · . · . _· . · . · . · -~
2 Minimum spacingofzl) is provided between PUlI1P centerlines,
I·•
.·.r.-...· .
e.

i
·• 3. BackwaH clearance, bottom clearanceand submergence' same as
. . . for single pumps: ,' . . . . . .. . .
..
:'.
-..•'... ··.
;,._ ~
.: 4. All pumps .are.running. e •• . , . . ... •· . •

5. The up-stream conditions should provide uniformflow to the

suction bells (avoid turns): . -. · · .: · . · ·. . • . · · · ·· . ·
. . ·fr"·
~.. '• .•. .,._- ·:.,
f.. ..,,

1.>._· •

6. Each pump capacityis less than ~5,G°OO gpm,

., _,. .

When individual pumpbays are' provided use dimensionsfor.a ·~r

•··· . . .. -i_~ ·-~···· . .
. single pump inaccordancewith Fig:lO; pa~ i~23. · ~'.
'"

t
.

..·ir;c-)
•.

8ii:
Turni:µg vane intake assemblies
Structural costsca~ sometimes be reduceclby employing a turning
vane assembly below the suction bell entrance to achieve a suitable '. ·. ·
J .· .
. l .' .
flow pattern as illustrated in Fig. 11. This arrangement normally · ··:_~_· .... _1

. . requires adeeper .sumpbut the width (W) may be reduced to L50D

.i ""1·
; ··
 ·Hydraulics _

I! .
Side intake-dry pit pumps
-. The following guidelines are offered fo typical dry pit type pump
arrangements as illustratedin Fig. 12 for a horizontal pump and Fig.
13 for a vertical centrifugal or scroll c ise type of pump. In these
illustrations dimension "D" is the diame er, or effective diameter, of
the suction intake fitting.
 . . .... . . . ~ .. ·

11_lng~~~~~-l~~~~ss~r Pump~_ .· . ~~meron Hy~~li~Bata·-~

4. sl1ction bays should be symmetrical With no turn- in the ap-

proach. With two or more pumps, separator walls extending for
a length of 6D and a height "S" should be provided between the.
intakes of each pump. > ·. · . · .' . -. . · .· · _·. ·•. . . ·. _·. '. .· . .,
·. 5. Minimum water level must always be ~bo:Ye the impeller eye.
When the level is below the top of the volute priming-is preferable.
6. Stop logs in 'thebay are preferred to a suction valve. If a butter-
. fly-valve isusedvstem should be horizontalfor horizontal double
suction pumps arid fully open when.running, • · · . . •. . -· . ·. · · . • . . · ·. · . '.
7~ Intake screens should be. placed.a minimum of 6D from the
· _.· pump inlet (D . diameter of.suctionintake fitting). ·

. Theabove sugge~tionsfof .alternative pump arrangements are of-

..••. .
fered' as .general guidelines and'should not.be considered as Optinlum~
Analysisand design ofintake structures.andarrangement of pumps

.•
. -.; .

should only be made ori.the basis of .experience together With. model '~
. ·. and field testing. · If new or questionable arrang~ment~ . are . being . . '·. . . .
..
'. '~
.

·proposed, model tests shottld be conducted. In most cases it is. desir- ,.

'able to have the Manufacturer's comments before finalizing a design. ·

•:
.- ·o···i ._·1...
Work performed in pumping - hor epower

The work performed in pumping or · oving a liquid. depends on

the weight of the liquid being handled · a given time· against the
1·
total head (in feet of liquid) or differe tial pressure (in psi) being
developed.

Since one horsepower equals 33,000 i lb per minute the useful or

theoretical horsepower ·(usually called the 'hydraulic horsepower -
hydhp ) will equal: . . .· I . . · . .
Hyd h = lb of liquid per m·nute X H·(in feet)
. p. . 33 000 . . . .
The actual or brake horsepower (bh ) of a pump will· be greater
than the hyd hp by the amount oflosse incurred within the pump
throughfriction, leakage, etc .. The pum , efficiency will 'therefore be
equalto: · . . . . . .

fuil~ efficiency - · . h~~hp

. . p

or.·
Brake h = hyd h~ . ·
· . · · p . ·.· . pump efficienc
Since the · above expressions appl . to both centrifugal and
reciprocating types of pumps, horse. ower calculations can be
 · (·-
c
.·.
.: . •. ., lngersoH·DresserPumps
. . . . .
·Cam-eron-Hydraulic-· j)~ta ~/

•
"
•... .

In the above ~xpre~sions: •.

gpm ~e~ ~~lions per minute delivered (one gallon · 8.33 lb at 68 . . \ ~

bph · _ barrels (42 gallons) per hour '--delivered i ~·'.•

H __: total head in feet of liquid-differential · .j ~.>
psi =lbs per.sq.in=- differential . I _
·j -;·
•· Electrical hp input to.motor . · •·· · • pump bhi) . · .
motor efficiency . '.
•J
IC'
•

K\Vinputto rriot6r < pllmpbh~ ?<.0.7457.

.· · -. · · · . . . . '. · ·.·.· ". ·. ·. ·. '. motor efficiency .
. .)
W·
· If· a w/.riabl~ speed dev'icli is ijsed bet\.veen pump and driv~~ the~ ·.
overall efficiency win:·eqU.alP.l1mp eff X Motor. eff ><eff .ofvariable .· . · •. . .: •.
'I:
. sp;:!!:t~: above fotinulas it should be n0ted that it is important to .· . < · .· it;
... ·correct the Igpm) and (H) forJthe temperature being pumped; it'. . .. __ .; -'-·-
- - snoulo-a1so ·be-noted tllaf: more
power ·1s- requirea~fo~piimp~a given
weight of liquid hot against a .given pressure than will be required to . ·
pumpthesame weight of
liquidcold, ' . ·• .: •.. . . .•.. · •.
When handling some liquids and forwater at very-high pressures, .
. · . • .·
· .·.4f.
·
c: ii·· ·

the compressibility of the -liquid .may need to be considered as its 9ti

41.:
r,

· · density maychange .within the pump. · · . . . .

 Hydraulics

. Characteristic curves

II
Since the head (in feet of liquid) develop~d by a centrifugal pump is
independent of the specific gravity, wat r at normal temperatures
with a specific gravity of 1.000 is the liqui · almost universally used in
establishing centrifugal pump perlormanc characteristics. If the head
for a specific application is determined in feet, then the desired head
and capacity can be read without corre on as long as the viscosity
of the liquid is similar to that of water. T e horsepower curve, which
can
is basis specific gravity of 1.0, be used for liquids of other gravity
(if viscosity is similar to water) by mult~plying the horsepower for
water by the specific gravity of the liquid reing handled.. .

The hydraulic characteristics of centrif(,gal pumps usually permit

.considerable latitude in the range of op,rating conditions. Ideally, .
the design point and operating point sh9uld be maintained close to .
the best efficiency point (BEP); howeve~ substantial variations in .
flow either to the right (increasing) or to the left (decreasing) of the
-BEP- are-usually-permissible, However, o erating-back-on the-curve- - - -
at reduced flow, or at excessive run out m. y result in radial thrust, or
cavitationc.ausing d.amage and therefore.{he manufacturer should b-e
consulted when such co11ditionsmay exis . . · - _· · _ ·
' . . .- .
' . . .

Since a centrifugal pump is a machine which imparts velocity and

converts velocity to pressure, the flow a d head developed may be
 ·,.,_,
••.::
're·

. r.
'• ·--' ··• ·r~· - . . . .·.· ...

,' ', ''

...

.
. . . . .. · . . . .. : :

·. Forvariations in speed: (constant impeller diameter) ·

b
81 = Q1 = \/H1 ·&•,
. •· 82 . . Q2 .' · .·\1H2 ·;
··fi
··, (

i••~
il1..·--
: BHP1 813
J'•
.:.___ ·

BHP2·. ·s23

where
~i{l"·.
~--. ,·•
. . · D =Impeller diameters ininches -.
.: H·· -Headsirrfeet · -. ·. . . . '1 '

· · · Q. Capadtiesin_gpn1 · ·.~1·· ~'··.· .,

•J·._
Sr=Speedsinrpm . . . .· ,d •.
:.'·,'
· BHP . · Brakehorsepowers ·. ·
. . ~; =e'
mr·'

. ·lfltt'·~ c:
Note: . SubscHp~l.isfororigi~aldestgn c~nditions:; subscript 2is.fpr new.d~sigri. ·. ·-~·~
· . conditions, · · · · ·. · · · · ., · ·
' •, · .· . The above. .relationships are .kn~wn as the Affinity LalJ!S and are
·.offered in this te:x:t withthe understanding; their application willbe •.
· limited to centrifugal (radicaj flow) type pumps only, When other .· <~ .•

·....
'types such as axial; .mixed flow or propeller type areinvolved cbnsuh
the manufacturer for instructions. , · · ·

.,)
~;• ""iC·
~ ..
•

0 .·. ''
·;."-..: · ..
)
· These laws can be surilm~~iz~d·isf ollows: · . . ·~
.

:'ft .·2· . . ,. . , . )
-, .With variable speed~ the capacity varies dir~ctly .and the head . · :f: ' .· .l
.\-~I
•·>
~'' i . Hydraulics

·~,., l .
•••
~I

IJ
System curves
•

.... ; ,'• . A centrifugal pump always operates at the intersection of its head-
··:1
r .,
I·
· capacity curve and the system curve w ch shows the head required
•.
~·
to make the liquid flow through the syste of piping, valves, etc. The .
•. 'l head in a typical system is made up of th ee components: ·
_. .j
,.:Ii
.'
.,'\.
1. Static head
2. Pressure head
~~i 3. All losses; i.e. friction, entrance and
•·~:9 .:·
.1 To illustrate, take· a typical system s own in Fig. 15 where the
· total static head is 70 ft, the pressure head is 60 ft ( 2.31 X 26) and the

=-)
;
friction head through all pipe, valves, fittings, entrance and exit
losses is 18.9 ft at the design flow of 150 gpm; total system head at
.

design flow is 70 + 6Q + °18.9 . 148.9 ft.

=
°)' .
... · ',

'· In drawing the: system curve (see Fig. 16, page 1-32) the static
head will not change with flow so it is rep esented by the line AB; the
· pressure head will not change with flow so it is added to the static
.head and shown by the horizontal line C . The friction head through
a piping· system; however,· varies apprq ximately as· the square of
the flow, so the friction at ·500 gpm ·11 be ( 15ig0)2 X. 18.9 == 2.1 ft·
(Point E); likewise the friction at 1000 · pm will be 8.4 ft (Point F),
 . . .
- ... "'--· - -· ...--· -·-:..-- ---- ·--"T""··------·-_-- . . ·---·-'T'·--~·- _- -· -r--~...,......,..---r-~-r-----:----,..--_,.....__,

SYSTEM- CURVES·
. .: 200 i-----,..__,--->-I --+-----+---:~---t:-:-------,-t-------r----r----:~----r---__,,
. I
i

.· •·. 4 0 1-;.-__;,__,.---+-------'---+------+----'--'-'-+--+-;----'----l~-'-----'--~-'-------'t----:-:----+------'1
~--· . STArlc HEAD>.•
o~---~L........;..~~~___.~----L-.,..L.,.,--'--....;....J...,...--."-_;._,...._~_,___.._____.....__~ I
0 200 . 400 600 soo lOOO .. 1200 . 1400 • 1600
.··.·•. CAPACITY-0':..GPM .· · .

these d~termine··the.final curve ··CEFG~ In. Fig.16 the pump h~aa·.

capacity curve has been <superimposed on the system curve. Unless -.
something· is _done··.to change either the head capacity curve .• ;.._.·.or .the
. systeni curvev--: the pump will. operate at 1500 gpm (Point .G)
 Hydraulics

For parallel operation of two or more mmps the combined perfor-

mance curve is obtained by adding .horiz ntally the capacities of the
same heads.

For series operation the combined pe ormance curve is obtained

II
by adding vertically the heads at the sam capacities.

Since a centrifugal pump always opera es at the intersection of its

. H-Q curve with the system curve, superjirriposing the system curve
. on .the pump performance curve dearly .indicate~ w?at fl.ow can. be
expected and at what heads each pump or ts combination will operate.

· Fig. 17
.
illustrates
.. . . a two (2) pump . s ies-parallel operation; this
could be expanded to a three or more p mp combination if desired.
In this illustration a typical H-Q curve fo a single pump designed for .
. 1000 gpm at 60 ft head is shown; two umps in series Will deliver ·
· 1000 gpm at 120ft; ortwo pumps in par llel will deliver 2000 gpm at
60 ft; system curves have assumed asjshown. If 'the· pumps have
"run-out' capabilities"-(dotted portion -they will operate at the
intersection of the H-Q curves with the system curves. Note that in
·this·illustration the system curve is ba ed on the assumption that
1

there is 20 ft static head. · · · · ·

H-Q -TWO PUMPS IN S RIES~

--.' -1;l1n.gerJollaQr~$Se.1'.:.Pumps . ·. Cameron, Hydraulic-Data
.. ...;...,.~- -··. -·-·· --- ~-~· ~-- -- -~
Water hammer ·
In fluid flo-W, waterhammer can cause rupture and serious damage
· ·.to the entire piping system unless essential precautions are 'taken: in ·
· . the case of condenser circulating water systems.it can cause rupture :
and serious damage to the tube sheets andwater boxes." ·
. . .

·It is .the result of a rapid .increase in pressure which occurs in a

·. closedpiping system whenthe liquid velocity is suddenly changed by.· . ·
. sudden starting, stopping or change in speedof.a pump; or .sudden •
·• opening or closing of a. valve.which II1ay change theliquid velocityin .
· ... · the system,·· .

rfhis . increase; or. dyn~rnic .change in pressure, is •. the. resul t of. the .:
kinetic energy.of the moving mass of 'liquid beingtransforrned into· .
. . pressure. energy, . resulti:rl.g ·i11 : an . excessive pr~ssl1re rise which.· can .· .•
cause damage on either-the suctionor discharge side ofthe pump. .:

Water hammer may be controlled by. regulating val ve closure time, ·

surge chambersvreliefvalves or other means. · ·. · · · · ·

Water hamm~r Cll1~uiationsarequite ihvo)Ved,and It Is reco~-.

mended that specialized engineering services be employed in cases
where it may he Cl problem. For information, .on this subject the
•..: ; · .... Hydraulics

···-:
•·
Elements of Graphical Solution of W ter Hammer
Problems in Centrifugal Pump Syste · s-A. J. Stepanoff I
•
•.. !
Transactions of A.S.M.E. 71:515 (19 9)

•••1 Water Hammer Analysis-J. Parma

Prentice Hall Publication, New York

··:
'•. A
Reciprocating Pumps- Performance

·-:,j The pressure on a reciprocating pum is determined by the maxi-

•. d
. I .
mum allowable plunger load and the are of the plunger:

.·-.·.
... t.
Max, Psig = Max. Pl nger Load
.. , · Plurer area
'
......
· ... ;.:
The flow rate is determined by the area of the plunger, stroke

··."~·
.j.-
. length, the number of· plungers, the J,ump speed, and Volumetric
Efficiency;' · ·

...
.•. . 'Z.. .
~
GPM == ·Plunger Areax Stroke Len th x Number of Plungers
'. :

• ,·J
...,. . · . · x·RPM x Volum tric Efficiency·
:/-~ ~
. ) ·.
, ...
....·'' .
For .a given pump size with. stroke length, number of plungers,
maximum RPM and maximum plunge load are constant; the maxi-
-
 I~ lngel'soH·Dresser Pumps ··.· Cameron-Hydraulic-Data

F.H.P.

-( (GPM) (Disch. Press.)( 1 -'i _ )-_ ·_:(. -_•l_+ .Suet. Press)-, _'-J- --
_- - - _- - 1714 - - _ - -. - -_ -_ ME Disch. Press .: _- -
- - -

NOTE: - Pump mechanical efficiency decreases with a decrease in

- rodload.Co:r1su1tmanufacturerf6rva1Ues. · -

_ · _ - '. Reti:procating Pumps · -. _ - - _-

_·Pulsationf\nalys:i~ and _ SystemPiping · -
· - Reciprocating pumps produce _-flow variations which are· converted - -
- into fluid pressure pulsations by the piping· system. Dependent upon
- the design of the piping system this conversion can result iri exces- -
sive pressure pulsationsleading to piping vibration andfatigue fail- -
. ures, Ioss of fluid flow due to cavitation, or damage to pump coin po- - _-
-_ nents, However, the majority of the~e problems can be avoided if the -
· piping system: design incorporates pulsation analysis or evaluates
. the acoustic characteristics
. •. '.
of the piping system
. ..
.. - - - -
-
- -
.: Typically, reciprocating pump systems are designed and built fol-
- _ lowing standard industrypractices. However, theinteraction between _
- .- the flow variation of the pump andthe acoustic natural frequency of - - -
••••
•.......:~··.
r

· . Hydraulics
e.
·:.:_1 ·

· AOURE1 ~
FLOW VARIATI~N

••··\;. •.
•. i'
DIAGRAMS FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLEX RECIF 1ROCATING PUMPS SHOW

- -- I
·VARIATION AT ALL POINTS FOR 0 \IE REVOLUTION
--

=
':·'.'
'·
'
DUPLEX DOUBLE AcTING
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 24.1 %
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21 .5%
TOTAL VARIATION - 45.6%
I//
~-~

-... .......
v > <,
/
-
<,
rG<' ,;-
...-

I"- /
/
..
<,

/
:::::~

[>
... ,

... -
...........
~r

r-, /
A~~:

/
/
~
Zft. ~~

-
> -......
~f'"-

"<,
r';.·'".r

<, ......_/ /
t--.
.-~s,,,:

l> <,
/
,i':.l. ;~,:'

<,
<,
::::::,

r-,

.. ... . ....... .. ., . .,
N"7 ....
-;)P- .... ~- ·r
I/
.........

vv
I"-
'
<, I"-
>
/

v t> K
TRIPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 6.1 %
-: -, I"\ /
[>"
I"\ .
"'
VARIATION BELOW MEAN-16.9%
TOTAL VARIATION - 23.0% ./ I/ /

- -
·. -. .. .-,:·.i,,,;,:• , .,,
j2'. ~
~1+ lft'A..• ....~
~~~~'17
-,·,><•
~;;;'
"' ~'(r
-... ....... ,.._. ~
<,
v~ ~I'-. v
t> ~
.-;

> r-,
. QUADRUPLEX /
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN ....:. 11.0% I/ ~
r-, / v k r-, /
r-,
v/ ['.... i-..V v
/
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21.50/o v -"- .... v t> . i: ....... r-, / r-,
TOTAL VARIATION - 32.5% /

-
:
I ·-
i
-
t> I :::: r<
QUINTUPLEX :
:;:: > f< .......r-, :;:: '< <, _,.,,.
v
"e-
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 1.8% _,.,,. v
VARIATION BELOW MEAN .__ 5.3%
TOTAL VARIATION - 7.1% ~
/
<,
_,.,,. /
r-,
<,
./
e- --, I/ >v I'-
/
_,. > I'- v
..

- .. . -~· .. .-~·

SEXTUPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 4.8% ~ t--. >-
I'-
,.......
....... P'" ....... i..- P'" ........
- ....... i--
 . : . ' . . .

· • ·;;J.JngersoH·Dresser-Pumps CameronHydraulic Data

-···-·-·- .. -·---"'---------~~-:----~--:---:---:--------~-------
. . . ,· . :· ... ··; · · .. . .
1.5 ·0.10 · HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF
· DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP
·CRANK/ROD RATIO..= 1:5.00 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP
CRANK/ROD RATIO 1 :5.00 .

,>'.: .: _-·. . ·.. v\ ...'. 1.',>.·.· -:.· . ·.· \ .·.

·.6.4%~.·.·~.
17.4~v· . ~
. \' ·,/ 5 0.05
0.5
\ I
'{TOTALVARIATION\.
. . \1 . \,'
·1'
·O.
.
:::;

I \ . 23.~o/a . ,' , I \
/ ' 1. \ ,'. '
I \ . I \ I · .\.
I \ :./ ·\ I ', .· .·
. : 0.00 ....,..+--4-"~,_;...Jl--l\l-1-'-...--Jhr'--1......-1'-"r-,---+~~'-+....;...-
·000-·· :100.- ·200· ··.300.:·· . .o 10 . 15 20
.. CRANK.ANGLE 10EGREES1 .: ORDER .

. ..
DYNAMIC FLOW FOR. A 4 PLUNGER PUMP
.1.5. 0.2 . . .. HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF... .. ·
--~ -,...- ·.·· ~ . Cf'IANKfFIOD RAT191 :5.00 . · .. . DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 4PLUNGER PUMP
. CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00
~ ~
1.0 w
TOTAL VARIATION
. 32.(lo/o ... §
... ·0.1
!::

·~
...... ,;..i::::;:::;..,.;.....,,....,.....,,~;::t~r4-rin .• DOUiLE AC:TING
.. DUPLEJ. ·
. MAXIMUJll 124.1
MINH1tUM 71 I
..... .......,..._..-""'_._ ......................... .....,_._ ..................,.. '·'VAIUATION CS.!·

00 .1.-~~.--.--.--.--,~.--.--.-.--r-~-.:...-.:...--T-...-...-...--. · o.oo"'" '"'·+-+-1--1i-.-,5.....,.,.....-,.;.....\h'"'""'10,;........,-'1'---.--..-1.,..;54....;.......;...~-120

. 0 100 .. 200 300 ' . 400
: CRANK ANGLE ioeGREEsr · ORDER

• ? •.

·. HARMO~IC ANALYSIS OF ' ..

2 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 6 PLUNGER PUMP . 0.84
. CRANK/ROD RATIO 1 :5.00 .. · DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 6 PLUNGER PUMP.
CRANK/flOD RATIO 1:5.00. ·.
~-0~~ · . ·· •..

TOTAL VARIATION 7 .5...0. W"

0
::>
'•1 5 0 . 82
..
· . .~
·: tlff~1-l1HHE-ID1
 Hydraulics
·the piping system coincides with one of hese excitation frequencies,
resona.nce will occur increasing pulsatio~I ~. plitudes drasti~ally.
Therefore, to prevent a resonant con ition, the acoustic natural ·
frequency of the piping system must be known. Typically, these Ire-
I
quen.cies will exh.:ibit. the heh. avio.r of e. it*er half or quarter-wave reso-
nances. Figure 3 illustrates the wave fo s of these resonances and
provides a simplified method. of calcula · g the acoustic natural Ire-
. quency. The velocity of sound, a, referenced in these formulae is a
fluid property dependent on the fluid temperature, pressure, viscos-
. ity, amount of entrained air, etc. 'Iypic iy values of acoustic velocity .
for same fluids are given in Table 1. For more precise values consult
.technical journals or test data..

HALF-WAVE RESONANCES QUARTER-WAVE RESONANCE

Pipes Closed at · . Pipes Open at · Pipes Open at One End .

Both Ends · Both Ends and Closed at the Other

f1.·J ::=::><:.· I f; -=:::::::: l

f2 D<:><8·' f3 c :>Cl
f3 CX:XXJ t5 CX: XJ
 Properties of Common Liquids
- . At 68 F and 14.Tpsia

Liquid Density, lb/ft3 - - Bulk Modulus Acoustic Velocity

' 106, lh/in2 ' ft/sec
Pure Water ., '62~3- ·318(s) 4865
r ' '

Seawater 63.9' 344 (s). -. 4~93'

.Benzene '54~8 , - - - 222 (s) '4324
- - · Methanol - 49.3 > -_- - l44fs) - - - -. 3678
Ethanol 49.3 -, '.
155(s) '. '3812
-.' - · Turpentine 54.2 - - 223(s) · ' 4363

At 68°Fand 20Qpsia ..
·. ·.. . ·. : .. '. : ..... . ·. ... · ... ·· . :
-_ Propan~ • -• ;' _30.8 ' - . >: . 25 (t) 200ff·2500- '
- .Isobutane - 35.0·-·_- .' - 4~ (t) 2200-2800' '
N-biitarte 35~8 ' .: _ .53(t) _-3io6~37oo
Note: The values listed are average.. For higher temperatures or -.- -
- pressures obtain
.
specific values,. . -·-- -
' .
- - -
.-·
- - ,.

_- t _-: 1~othermalbulk modulus_-.' '

 Hydraulics

II
transmit

attenuate ....._--t-...._ _
f1

B
QUARTER WAVE STUB . _fil·• .. · · . ·. L .· .·..·.··transmit
f ~ (2r'f - 1) c . . '
r - 4L ·. . ·· .

attenuate ..__-+-_.__ ____. _.____

c .· · . .. · · transmit
SURGE VOLUME
__r-Ld
· nc
fr == 2L .
~
. I• · I
.
L ... attenuate .___+- __ ___._ ......_ __.
. ·. I·.~.· l.nge~soll·DresserP11mps -- .CameronHydraulio Data

Lowfrequency pulsations (l-20 hz} are the mostdamaging, easily

discovered and can be attenuated by gas-filled bladder type dampen-
. · ers or .gas-charged volume devices · (Helmholtz Resonators Figure .
4a)~ Higher frequency pulsations (20-300 hz) on.the other hand are
harder todiscover and attenuate. Reduction of highfrequencypulsa-
tions usually require a sophisticated pulsation device, Helmholtz
Filter (figure 4d ). In addition, an acoustic analysis •using either .ana-
. log or.digital methods isrequired to identify-the 'problem frequencies .·
_· and determine the effectiveness .ofthe selected dampener. •

· . Net P!>~itiveSuctionHead(NPSil) .
·. NPSH available for reciprocating pumpsapplications is calculated .
. irt thesame manner as for -centrifugal pumps, except an additional
· . allowance must be: nuide for the reciprocating action ofthe pump and '
· theacoustic characteristics of the piping system. Typically, this addi-
or
.· tional requirement .is 'termed .·"acceleration head", . the 'pressure
required to .accelerate the liquid column on each stroke to prevent .
· separationof this column in the pump or suction piping. . . . ·· ·

.· . ·If there is insufficient suction pressure to meet the NPSH require-

ments of the pump, cavitation resulting in loss of volumetric' effi- '
ciency may occur. In addition serious damage may occur to plungers,
valves, packingvand 'other pump components due to the. force. re-" .
.-~>.
Hydraulics
•••
•••• hv:pa . vapor pressure of he fluid at pumping temper-

.•••
•••
\..
ature (psi)

hst =static pressure d veloped by column of fluid

above ( + ) or belo ( - ) the centerline of the suc-
I
••
~·
tion manifold (psi ;

••,,)• hfs =suction line loss ]psi) including entrance loss,

.. .' frictionloss, press~re drop across valves; filters,
•..:. , system componen s, etc .
ha= LVnCSG
. 2.31Kg .
( .· . . - .

. }L . length of su tion line (feet)

./ V =Fluid Veloci y in.suction line (fps)
· n =Pump Spee~(rpm)
·. c = Constant f~~ pump type
· == .200 for duplex single acting
== .115 duplex double acting
= .066 triplex ingle or double acting.
. ~040 Quintu lex single or double acting
= .028 septupl x single or double acting
== .022 nonupl x single or double acting
K ~ Theoretical I luid Factor representing the
. .·
,. ·,ge'
I~ lngersOH•Dl'es~erPumps ,-CameronHyafaulic Data.

TRAVELINGPULSATION WAVE
-·<'•••. (-:i' ';

:~•
~

'.•,
POSITIVE PRESSURE
i .•
i .•
NEGATIVE PULSE (BELOW LINE
PRESSURE)
•
!~:

1\l/1 ~ -·. .,.• . .,_- .•• --c ._,,

P;- ..... ·- .. -. .;.. -

·· · . .
•. .;

. ·. . .
--:

·.........
•. ·
I '( ....IJ ... · .
f 0• 0· •0 I . • . . .
,..,., ~ ·~o.ool
I 0
· ··
PULSE PASSES
-c-uaUIDVAPOR P~ESSURE .

VAPOR BUBBLES FORM AS NEGATIVE

::1 .· . ·. BUBB.LES COLLAPSE AFTER NEGATIV~

. . . .

. PRESSURE
.

PULSE PASSES.
.

. flt\
c-
.. . ' ' '
· .. ·:~·.,·~··· .• \

.· . .
: ... ..
.:· ;DISTANCi ALONGPIPE . • • • • ·1 :

. i.
. .. I

.' 1.,....
. . I . . .

. !.a,
· Fig. 5 Acoustic Pulse· Producing; Local Cavitation in Liquid Filled Pipe
···1.·c···. 1
I . .

·. ·1~l
; \ .··.. 1

.·.acoustics·.·. are ignored. ·These problems ire 'normally the result . of· . .· 1e.)
interaction between the flow variation characteristics of the pumps ..
. ., .
 · Hydraulics

___ l?s

----- -- -- -- -- ------- vp
;! \I \I \: 11
v v v \) v
= 0

If Pd> P5 - Pvp then cavitation will occur.

Ps = Static Pressure ·
. Pd = Dynamic Pulsations, 0-p
Pvp =Vapor Pressure

-------
t--t--,....--t---+--+-__._--+-- CAVITATION
SPIKES

. . .
....__ WHEN NEGATIVE PRESSURE PULSATI NS
EXCEED STATIC PRESSURE. CAVITATldN OCCURS
AND POSITIVE PRESSURE SPl.KES RESULT.
·.··I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .. Cameron.Hydraulic Data

.: · 1em With the average centrifugal pump driven by standard induction

or synchronous motors, but with certain applications such as with
. high specific speed pumps having high shut-off horsepower, or with
reduced voltage starting, motors with high pull-in torque .rriay be
·required.·

·Where centrifugal pumpsfn-the Iowto .medium specific· speed.

, range (under 3500 (are started with the discharge valve closed .the '
·. · minimum torque requirements at various speeds for this condition ·.: ·
<are calculated as follows:

.: . Determinethe rrtaximumhorsepowertequired· at ratedspeedun- .

. · dershut off conditions. Convertthis horsepowerto torque in (lb.ft.)
·byl1sing theformul~: >. · · · · · · · • · · · · ·

·Tinllb.ft.)·.· . · . ·525oxhp·· •.
. . . rpm.' .
-- - - . - ., .: ·:. ~ .. ~~. ~ ·-·<- >~ :. ". - '• ·-
Torque varies ~;sthe square of the speed ;therefore, too btain torque at:

% speed+-multiplyIull speed ~rqueby 0:563 .· . :

% speed=- multiplyfull speed torque by 0.250 .· .
· ~ speed-·multiplyfull
· speed torque by 0.063 .·· .·
' 78. sp~ed-. ' multiply full speed torqtiebyo.q16 '
 Hydraulics
wards. This complicates the speed ~orque calculation which should
be referred to the pump manufact,rer. ·

Although torque is a function of t e square of the speed in the case

. of centrifugal pumps, in the case of ositive displacement pumps the
torque is constant regardless of the speed, as long as the differential
discharge pressure remains unch ed. Therefore, a general rule is
'the starting torque required for reciprocating pumps is approximately
· 125% of full load· running torque w en starting under load, arid ap-
proximately · 25%· full load rl1nnin ·torque when starting without
load. ·

.· Engine drivers .
If reciprocating engine drivers: re .being considered the speed-
torque requirements of thepump must be checked against the speed
torque capabilities of the engine to arsure their compatibility. .
. . . . . . I ..

· - - - ~ - -Cautien must be-used in the selectfon-:-of-reciproc-ating-en-gi:ne-driv-· -

. ers because excessive cyclic stress~s may be superimposed on the
. pump shaft due to the periodic power impulses produced by each
· engine cylinder. 'I'hese cyclic pulses produce a torsional vibration
whose magnitude depends on the state of resonance of the entire
system;. this results. in. an increase if, the cyclic tensile loading of the
pump shaft. For these reasons the lllowable pump shaft horsepower
I u,
0
tso ~700, SINGLE, SljCT.,
9200
.·•'··s·.,i.:
. r;
.' ,.:···
.

....z >(~·
·'. ,_· .. , · .·

...u .140 ,·

. ·"
....
.....·,
.

, c;;.
-(.,
' 001--....;.;_..;___;,;~__;_~i----....,...--+~~
llJ
%

·60 ...............
.._.._.....,....._ ....... ..._~- .....--....
: >O . . 25
. . -50 - .75 · · . IOCf -: 150·
. . ~
.· . C·A_PACITY ·PER CEN-T, 'OF NORMAL

;ig~ 19· sh~\vi~g shape of typic~lh~ad-c~padty curves for various speciftc speeds.

.· .~. . .
·ct.,
~,:
a:

--""""""i.-.--.-...------------ ...
0
z
. .·IL 250,,.·---- ......
0 ·ooual.E .suer. ·
· ·· Ns :i $00
·. · . . ....
z. ··· 2 2.··aa.·. ·
•., '(
Ill
J. .....
~ , AOOO .
..,.

·4 . . !57.0·o SINGLE· suet

. ra:
. .. ·. I~ ---~~~-..,..--+...;......;:1111iir-
·•
5 . .: . s 2-0 o : - ·
........._.._.__.....,......~_,..-......-.--,-----t
. a:.
•.•..>,.
.
--)
\

. ·- ..
. .
·------·---- ..
..

,-•·,·
'
Hydraulics
.. ·
. .'

····,
··:~
•> '\

ll
''·>
•. > 1000
.I:

•
~
800 1./'
IJ
J''..·, 600
•.. ~· .
.
'
500

:)··i
'

400 - I
I/
I/
I
300
;.J· I ., )
··1
I
I I/
200 I
..
:)I
··:>. ~
i7

.. I
•
. .
I
II' ..

•T
.)'!
·\00
/
II

' ..... 80 ! .i v
::.:
.,•'.,.I·
w I /
L&J 60 I/
LL ~
50
I

z 40
I
"
-
I J
: IJ
'
I I
0 .
 : . • .:. ·••••..:.:.':· .••·-· • I ..

- ..;;·~;...; ..~~. ~•·••P-' · Gameron~!-~~_aulic Data

·..o .
........ __ ......_r-,-,...........,_--,,.---.,...;-.~~~..-i-...;,.-~.,..-..--~-"-,....~--~---,.--. 0
O'I
CX)
,.....
(o
L()

(Y) '

. C'\J

' .n
·O .. ·

°' .
(X)
r....: .
~·
1-+.+-~~~~~~~~,,,_~~~1-++-r--ir-~-r---,r-...--T-~----t LC)

~.;.+..~l.'--i-->.-~i-'-1~"-'-'+-lt.-'--~->.-l~~l--i~l--+,---t----..,...--t---~---t~

.~
0..
(.'.) .·
 Hydraulics
'°0

__ _,,......°'
r-T""""t'"""'llr-i~ ,..-----.---~-'------.--..-....--.----+--------,
......... ......
---<
__ _, 00

__
__

__
_, l.D
_,

_,
l()

...;:t"
II
__ _, (Y)

~I
·~

~s ~
__,__ _, N

0 __ _,
io
00 °'
00
II . ,...._
z l..O
~ci-t-"tt--l~+-3t-+~-.lo.l-l.,-lr~~_µ,,j.....\~-'--'-.,......+--.------.------I l()

N
::2:
0..
(.!)
<:
U')
0
...... ::>
 ·~ .. -~· ..:. --·· .

,Cameron. Hydraulic Data .· .

.. .. . . . .-.-- ····-··-······· . ·:·- .· ···.··: . . - ... . ..

. I,

. I/
·~
·'··,
•.,.:.
.:~l., .
. ,.: Hydraulics
,;!··
• .. :

)
BIBLIOGRAPHY

=·,j. 'i. The following references are among th se available if it is desired to

I
~.,_I,
investigate the subjects discussed herei in further detail:
. .
Crane Technical Paper Xo 410-Flo~· of Flui s through Valves, Fittings and Pipe.
Crane Company, Advertising Division. 300 P rk Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022
Crane .Iechnical Paper No. 410M-Metric E ition-SI Units is now available:
e:'.I. order from above address. 1 orders for Crane P pers must be prepaid J.

•:1 · Hydraulic Institute Standards and Engineer ng Data Book-Address: Hydraulic

Institute, 712 Lakewood Center North, Cl veland, Ohio 44107.

:11 The following are published by McGr w-Hill Inc.:

Baumeister and Marks-c--Standard Handboo for Mechanical Engineers.

,),
~:'.'
·.;!
.J Chow-Handbook ofApplied Hydrology.
: ),: Hicks-Standard Handbook Of .Engineering alculations.
' l '~ .
Kallen-Handbook of Instrumentation and·

! '.!
• . ·~ King and Brat er- Handbook of Hydraulics.

. .· .· · · .· • Merritt=-Standard
W;-+t-j-_:_- - - - - - - - -P--erry- EngineeringManual
Handbookfor CivilEngin ers.
-- ~__ _ _;___

i,.:
1:·:·;·· . · · · Streeter-Handb~u. k ·o~ F~lui~ Dyna~ics. ·. 7 · - - - - - - -- -- ·-- - - -- -- -- -- - -
·.·; Streeter and Wyhe-Flu1d Mechanics.
)i Urguhart-s-Civil Engineering Handbook.

:::
Karassik , Krutzsch, Fraser arid Messina-s-P mp Handbook.
Shames-Mechanics of Fluids.
. 'I';
 .. :.'."":··"'' " .:. .. ·. ..

.· ..

,. ' ..
. .
·.· ..

-> :' · ..
 _..,
.~':\

..

="9:·,.. - •. \

..
.

:,._:
.. ··' -

. ;-., '

:··,.
>

::·: I \

•:' E
I

-
I
SECTION 2
'

) ..

·-:~

:.'~ 'FORMULAS _1\ND

~ ~
,.:::··
)
..
.
EQUIVALENTS
: ·...

f,/
'
'•'
1-
'.

. ·.
.i . 1l
•
\ . ·.
. -., .' -:

.:.r.. .. ~

.
:·:./ .
-)
l .

::
-

..

. ) · ..
I
. 1 ·"J lllgersOll·Dresser PumPs · · Cameron Hydraulic Data

. . .

CONTENTS OF SECTION 2 . · .

. S~le~ted Formulas and Equivalents '. ·

. . .· . .·.
·.:·.·· ..... ·•Page·.
. · General.information on liquiqs ~: .-: .. · < . ·: ~ . ~ •.. 0 2~3 · :>
.· ·. . v« lu. rn. · . ·e· · . a·n.. d·.' weight. ·. e.· q·.uiv alents ~
. . . . . ·. .. . •. . - . ' : .
~· .
· . .• •..· ·.• . . . ' . . . ··•. . . . . ·. . . . ~-·.. .. . '.. · ~ . . . . ~ . .
. •. . -: ..
2 -·4· · ..

· ': •. H~~dand.
..
pressure equivalents
. .
. ~ .... , .... ~ .. ;· ....•.......•..•...
. . . . .
2~5 · ..

· . Flow equivalents .- ~ . ; : . •~ ·~·. ~ .: : .. ~ . / ~ . 2-·6 and 2-7 ·. · .

. Flow. through
.
orifices
. ..
and nozzi~~
.
. ·..:. ; -. .: .... · ....•..
. . . . . .
-.·. ; ... ; -: r. 2-s . ·
 For · I ulas and Equivalents

General--Information on Liquids
I~ this section the more ~ommonly use~ Formulas and Equivalents
are included for the convemence of the user. ·.
With references to Volume and Weigh Equivalents, the following
comments on temperature, specific gravit , and specific weight should
be of interest.
Temperature affects the characteristics of a liquid. For most liquids
E
an increase in temperature decreases · iscosity, · decreases specific
gravity and increases volume (see page 1 6). . ·
The Specific Gravity of a solid or· liq id is the ratio of the mass
of the body to the mass of an equal volu e of water at some selected
baseor standard temperature. Specific ravity of Water is usually"
1

given as 1.000 at 60°F (15.6°C). Howev r, 'in some cases, for con- ·
venience, it may be given as L 000 at 68° . (20°C); and in other cases
as 1.000 at· 39.2°F (4°C). which is its . oint of maximum density.
Based on using water having a specific .gravity of 1.000 at 39.2°F
(4°C) as a· reference point, water at 60°F (15.6°C) will have a specific
gravity of 0.9991, and 0.9983 at.68°F (20 C)-·therefore, for practical
applications which temperature (39.2°F 60°F or 68°F) is selected as
a base for reference makes little differe ce. At the present time the
base of 39.2°F (4°C) is commonly used by physicists, but the engineer
usually uses 60°F (15.6°C) or 68°F (20°C) s a base. For actual specific
I :.f Ing.·ersoll·Dr-sserPump._s . . . . .

Volume and Weight Eq-uivalents

0).
0
0 9> It)
(")
o 0
. .,.... . 0.
.It)
v
o.
...... 0
0) C") .
~ ·.~ .......
0)
0
...... .,.... C")
......
LC)
0 .,....
(") 0
v
LC). 0 -.0
0
....... 0
0 .o
0
LC) ci 0 ...... 0 c5

en v
:-0. (') ..
c: ,....,
::>
...
0
n,
0
0
0
.,..... .,....
g
-,
N

.·
~. ·
.
,' .
.._,.. CX) .·
M.·
LC) co .
·c,...._
o .·...- C\I I -.::t- •.
0 M LO ,
,(")
0.·
.0
0
CX)
C\I 0
.......
'·~
CX>. '+- ..
0 0
0 0 o· 0- .0 .O'> 0
· ..·.1 0 d 0 ·:0 T""-·.· 0 Q.:· ci
.
c:o ...
,.....;
. ,...
C) . en
....(1) v ·.·
CX)
. C") ,...._

-·-
0)
II) . •
·. en- ..... ...,:
It) co
v co.
.,.... ;- M O> 0
-&t)
. c ...... co M· .•. · 0 LO ,...._ .. 0
c: ' :J ~· U') 0
•. CO.
..
-.
0
0 v 0 C!
.!!
ca II .
(1). C") "It 0 . C\I ,..... ~ .·.ci. m .,....
.:>•·· <O
>
··-::I Cl).
&t)
::i : ,...._
O",...
wcwi
O' .• co.· . It) M
Q)
..... '
-~ .....
. .o a>'
CX) ,«<;t ~. ·. ..- 'M v
.EX. . 's: .
(0 . U')
o.o
.. , M 0 .; ti:> (')
::i Q) C") It) co. co LO..
er~ ·: C> .()~' M CO .: 0 M ,(')
a)
(.)
·Q; c ...- .,.... "l . O· 0 0•· o
3:: ,g ci 0 •c:) ,... a· -
a·.~
0
ci
c:
ra
woe:
.E-;.Q
cu . "'O. 1--,---+---+--+-----1r---"-+---+'---t---+----l----,-'--'-1 ., -~·. 02 .Q
c: n;
C)
.:
·r··· .. l
•.
·. ··,
... . .
·,.·,··
Form~las and Equivaletits

.
,·::1

.?"\
I

Head and Pressure Equiv

9> ·::-,· II) ,_
0)
II) ,_
co
O> 0)
0) v N (0 0 v
•. ' v-
co 0 (") 0 0 N
(0 0 ..- .CO 0 0
o ·m o
•
·l.
8 0
0 0 0
0
O·
d d ci d ci 0

0)
,_ ..,. (")
II) ,_ II) cc
0) -e- N (C co ~
eo 0 (") 0 (")

II
(0 0 .,.... co (') 0
0 0 0 0) 0 ~ 0
ci
c::) 0 0 .ci 0

cc
(") \0
0 \0 .-
.\0 0) en (") . II)
N
II) ,... cc co N
~· co
"":
g,_ g
0 al
.n
II) 0
....\0 ci ci ci ~
,_
<O
,....
(')
,_
\0

N
C7l
......,.
(') ,...
(')
0
. (C .,.... O> 0)
.M
~
-
0 (\I
0)
ai
I()
0)
....
8
c::i
N c::) . a:i
(\I
(\I

"...II)
...
Cl)
. 0,....
~-
g
.... 0
(") a;

..
; :::t M
I()
C':i .n .§
UI
en (') t") t")
t")
r::
0
en
....
Cl)
co
..,.., ~
~
II)

e,
·z~
(C
,.._ N ..,. .en
,_ ..m...
. (0
C\I CD
..,
CO·
C")
M
0 .... IC....
I()
I()

"C ,_: ci ,_: ..; ci C\i

c C\I 0
'Q"
.OI
C") ..,.
0 C\I
0 0
v
C'CS 8
s
"C 0

-..,..
-
C'CS
Cl) ,...;·
.
,...
U')
IC

::c: C\! M (") 0

. N 0 .n ll'i ,_
C\i ...
Ill

-
<') 0 C'll

... 8
.... 8
(") O>
0
ID
(U
 . .

l;) lllgersoH~~resSerP~mps - CameroilHyarauliC-Diita

'Flow Equivalents
(/)
a>
-ca '- ·>-
t O> <1> ca
ca N o, "O
ca~ .

co
0)
l!)
0) 0) EEEE
c, o, c. o,
(0. co C\.I (0
C"') co co. -...r 0 -...r (0 0 O> O)_C)_O)
C\.I C\.I (0 .' .· r--: 0) 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
.·o·.,.... .C"'). . . . C\.I . .,....
ci
0
.,....
·O 11•11
eo
II II
r-, &.h
.(0 0 0 C"')
Lt') co ;-- C\.I
.,....·T"-0).,....
C\.I C\I C\.I C"')
0000
·c; .·~ .·.·. C\J r-, co •:..:t-
co
.,....
6000
-·" x 'Xx x
'(O'' ......... (0
(0 ......... co C"') 0
0 ~· . ......... '· .,.... Lt') 0
o o cY:;. co 0 (0 C\I ·. 0 CC!: 0 ro ca ca ctS
d o:~-C\.I .,.... .,....: . 0 0 C\I Q O> O>.O> Ol
.,.... ~ c\J
l()
C"') ~·~ ~
C"')
C\.I
o
-~
(0
.CD.
~Cl) r<· •·,",?_
r-, 0
0 0 o:. 0
(0 .·.
eo
C"')
-<O.
0
...
' . (1) (tj
.· l() 0 . (0 0 -~ 0. Lt') .O· t"'O
· ~:.: .. ~ C"') (0 .,.... ·C"'). d 0). ci .ctS
,.,...,
·i...
(1)
~ ·r..u •C..
"O ,...
·5 C"f?· (0 cri
C" CD C"') .. ,.._.. co
l!)

.· :i n co (0

> ,... ~ ~: "

"'1'
Lt')
.
CO.
co.
l!)
0
o .: :
0
g
.
c: 0 C)
0
·.
Lt').
C"') C)
ltl M 0 . Lt').
l!) C)
~· 0 ·a· . -r- T"' . C"') d d
0 .
LL O
Ix
~ c: C) C\J
. ·c: -
.!! E
...r co ~
C"')
(0
co C"') 'Lo 0
C\.I C)
 ,
••• • ,
..

•.
....

Forrm ilas and~~quivalenfs

·,·

=··.,· ·-. , .I
..
.
. .

- . --
) Flow Equivalents

!',. ;
Cu Ft per Sec C: allons .per 24 hours

. Cu ft Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Cu ft

. per to per to per to per t) per to per to
:. sec minute 24 hrs m:/hr 24 hrs minute sec m3/hr

=i
0.2 90 129,263 20.39 100,000 69 0.15 15.77

II
"

0.4 180 258,526 40.78 125.000 87 0.19 19.71

0.6 269 387,789 61. 17 200,000 139 0.31 31.54
•. ! 0.8 359 517,052 81.56 400.000 278 0.62 63.08
1.0 449 646,315 102.0 500,000 347 0.77 78.85

C-y 1.2 539 775,578 . 122.3 600,000 417 0.93 94.62

•:)
·I

1.4 628 904,841 142.7 700,000 i 486 1.08 110.4

1.6 718 1,034,104 163.1 800,000 556 1.24 126.2
.. 1.8 808 1.163,367. 183.5 900,000 625 1.39 141.9

e·.,
2.0 898 1,292,630 203.9 1,000,000 694 1.55 ·. 157.7

2.2 987 1,421;893 224.3 . 2,000,000 1,389 _· 3.09 315.4

I
2.4 1,077 1,551, 156 . 244.7 3.000.000 2,083 ·4.64 4.73.1

-j
2.6 1, 167 1.680,420 265.1 . 4,000,000 2.778 . 6.19 630.8
'

:>e':i
2.8 1.257 . 1 ,809,683 285.5 5.000.000 3,472 7.74 788.5
3.0 1,346 1.938,946 305.9 6,000,000 4,167 ·. 9.28 946.2

\ 3.2 1,436 2,068.209 . 326.2 7,000,000 4,861 10.83 1,104

3.4 1,526 2,197,472 346.6 8,000,000 5,556 12.38 1,262 .
3.6 1.616 2.326.735 . 367.0 .9.000,000 . ·6.~50 13.92 .1.419
3.8 1.705 2.455,998 387.4 10.000,000 6,944 15.47 1,577

:1
4.0 1,795 2.585,261 . 407.8 ·, 12.000,000 8,333' 18.56 1,892

4,2 , .885 2.714,524 428.2 · .' · 12,500,000 8,680 19.34 1.971

4.4 1,975 2.843,787 448.6 14.000,000 9.722 21.65 2,208
4.6 2.068 2.973,050 . 469.0 15,000.000 . 10,417 23.20 2,366
tl,1 4.8 2,154 3~ 102,313 489.4 16~000,000 11.111 24.75 2,523

:'.
5.0 2.244 3.231.576 509.8 . 18.000.000 12,500 26.85 2.839
10.0. . 4,488 6.463,152. 1.020 20.000.000 13,889 30.94 3.154
20.0 8.987 12.926,304 2.039 25.000.0001 17.361 38.68 . 3,943
 I) l~gersOll-Dffu,er P"mps •.. CameronH}'draulic Data >

. . · .. ·. ·.· . .:' .· ·:. . . . . ·.

FLOW THROUGH ,ORIFICES AND NOZZLES .

' ' '

· Approximate discharge 'through orifice or nozzle.

' :1.·
.Q = 19.636 CdlVh · . · .. · (d · . . · .: ti )4
where -1 is greater than·o.3 1. - · .. ···.~·

' ' ' d2.. ' d2 ' . '

. '' . ' '' ' .· .. ' d: ' . ·.·' ..
· Q · .· 19.636 Cdi2Yh·where ~·is less than 0~3 ·.. · ·
,' ' ·.··' · -. .. . .r ' .· d2 ·. . ••...':: ,· ,.•
" Q-fiow,in gpm · . -. -:' .· · .· . . ·. . ~.
' ·, ' -. di = dia of orifice or nozzle opening, .inches . '
· .·h · .. 'differential head.at orifice, infeetofliquid. ..
d2 ·.· · .: dia ·of pipe .in which orifice is. placed.jnches . ...
·. C . ···discharge'coefficient '(typical values below for water) ..

,
IU·ENTAANT 5HARP- · 5QVARE . RE ENTRANT 5Qt/A~E WELL
· . rvsE · · · EDGED · · EDGED · · ~ruse.• • · · EDGED .· · RovivDED

··J·· .: _
,---
., . .·.···

.....•---
~-~-". .·~··.

'
·.··: ·.'
'
'

. ·. .. ' . .

- •i/st.;DIA.
c,,,,'.52_ .·.· ·· c = .. 61
. .. · .· ..
.· ", '' c = .61 · c = ,73·.· . -.

Table on nextpage shows flow using a value of C · 1.00 .. These flows.

values may be multiplied 'by .the value for .a particular discharge '. · c
 .-.,
..,
.·.:
. •.

~.:) . . --
~·.--. , ,' . Forrr ulas and Equivalents
..
-,;
I

, .. - -- -

Flow Data_;_No; :zles

..,.=>. ,
.,

... ·,-.\: Head·

Theoretical Discharge of Nozzles in U S Gallons Per Minute

Velocity
;
..

.-.)\
Diameter of no, zle in inches
of disch I

\'
psi feet° ft/sec 1 /16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/6 1/2 5/8 I
!
3t4 7/8. 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8
10 23.1 38.6 0.37 1.48 3.32 5.91 13.3 23.6 36.9 r 53.1 72.4 94.5
I 120 148 179

E
15 34.6 47.25 0.45 :l.81 4.06 7.24 16.3 28.9 45.2 I 65.0 88.5 116. 1~7 181 219
' 20 ~6.2 54.55 0.52 2.09 4.59 8.35 18.8 33.4 52-2 i 75.1 102. 134. 169 209 253

....
•. i 25 57.7 61.0 0.58 2.34 5.25 9.34 21.0 37.3 58.3 84.0 114. 149. 189 234 283
I 30 69.3 66.85 0.64 2.56 5:75 10.2 23.0 40.9 63.9 . 92.0 125. 164. .207 256 309
35 80.8 72.2 0.69 2.n 6.21 11.1 24.8 44.2 69.0 '99.5 135. 177. 224 2n -\334.
40 92.4 77~2 0.74 2.96 . 6.64 11.8 26.6 . 47.3 73.8 106. 145 . 188. 239
• l.1 296 397
45 103.9 81.8 0.78 3.13 7.03 12.5 28.2 50.1 78.2 113, 153. 200. 253 313

···:
50 115.5 379
86.25 0.83 3.30 7.41 13.2 29.7 . 52.8 82.5 119. 162. 211. . 267

t,.i:
3?0 399
55 127;0 90.5 . 0.87 3.46 7.77 13.8 31.1 55.3 86.4 125. 169. 221. 280 346 418
60 138.6 94.5 0.90 3.62 8.12 14.5 32.5 57.8 90.4 130. 177. 231. 293 362
65' 438
150.1 98.3 0.94 3.77 8.45 15.1 33.8 60.2 94.0 136. 184. 241. 305. 376 455
70 161.7 102.1 0.98 3.91 8.78
;;'' · ·
15.7 35.2 62.5 97.7 141. 191. 250. 317 391 473
75 173.2 105.7 .1.01 4.05 9.08 16.2 36.4 •64.7 101. 146. 198. 259. 327
r.. 404 . 489
80 184.8 109.1 1.05 4.18 9.39 16.7 37.6 66.8 104. 150. 205. 267. 33a
i
112.5 ·,· 418 505
85 196.3 1.08 4.31 . 9.67 17.3 38.8 '68.9 108. 1s5: 211. 276.

:l..
.349 431 521
90 207.9 115.B 1.11 4.43 9.95 17.7 39.9 I.· 70.8 111. 160. 217. 284. 359 443 536
95 219.4 119.0 l.14 4.56 10.2 18.2 41.0 72.8 114. 164. . 223. 292 .. 369 456 '551
100 230.9 122.0 1.17 4.67 10.5 18.2 42.1 74.7 117. ' 168. 229. 378.
299. ·467 565
105 242.4 125.0. ·. 1.20 4.79 10.a· 19.2 43.1 76.5 120. : 172. 234. 306: 388 479 579
110 254.0 128.0 1.23 4.90 11.0 1.9.6 44.1 78.4 122 .. 176. 240. 314. 397 490 593
115 265.5 130.9 1.25 5:01 11.2 20.0 45.1 80.1 125. 180. 245 . 320. 406
,\ 501 606
120 277.1 133.7 1.28 5.12 11.5 20.5 46.0 81.8
. . - 'i 130 300.2 139.1 1.33 5.33 12.0 21.3 48.0 85.2
128. 184 .
133. 192.
251.
261.
327.
341 .
414
432
512
533
619
645
. 140 323.3 144.3 1.38 5.53

:1
; 12.4 22.1 49:8 88.4 138. 199: . 271. 354. 448 ·553 668
l.! 150 346.4. 149.5 1:43 5.72 12.9 22.9 51.6 91.5 143. 206. 280. 366. 463 572 692·
175 404.1 161.4 1.55 6.18 13.9 24.7 55.6 98.8 154. 222. 302. 395. 500 618 747

,,.v,
... , 200
250
461.9
577.4
172.6
193.0
1.65
1.85
6.61
7.39
14.8
16.6
26.4
29.6 ·.
59.5
66.5
106.
118 .
165. 238.
185. 266.
323.
362.
423.
473.
535
598
660.
739
799
894
ttJ.
. I'
300 692.8 211.2 2.02 8.08 18.2 32.4 72.8 129 . 202. 291. 396. 517. 655 808 977
11/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 21/2 2 3/4 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 5 1/2 6
10 23.1 38.6 . 213 289 378 479 591 7-14 851 1158 1510 1915 2365 2855 3405
15 34.6 .47.25 260 354:. 463 585 723
 .... ·-·· .'. .. · ... · .·· •.. :-. ..., .. ·

· I)
. . . . . . . .

Ingersoll-Dresser PUmPs ·. Cameron Hydraulic Pata

. .
. ..

·• -, Discharg~· From Rect~ngu~ . ·

· · lar Weir
..
With End . · ' ',

-· Contractions. ·

Figures in Table
.
are in Ga,llonsPer
... · .
Minute ·....·.
' .". ', '

· · cength (L)of weir in feet . L_ength (L) ofweirin feet· .•. ·

·.·Addi- .. ', . Addi·,:

Head. .·. tional .Head tlonat . . ·.
(H) .: .gpm for (H). · · . : gpm for·· .·
. each tt · .. m ·. each ft .
•• ·. •. I

.. m.>
inches . · . J ·-.· 3 over 5Jt inches .... 3 ·. · '.·5 .' over 5 ft ... · .
1 . 35A. 107.5 .·. 179.8 "36.05 ' .· .. 8 ' 2338. , 3956 •. 814
1V4 ·.. 49.5 .l.. 150A ·.· 250.4-· . . 50.4 ·... · . . · ..•.. 8Y4 · . 2442 4140 ·.: 850 .· .
1Y2 . 64.9 ·. ·197 329.5 ··. 66.2 -. 8V2. 2540 . 43°12 . 99()·····
'13/4 81. 248 .415:. 83.5·_.·.·. 83/4 .. 2656 ·.· 4511. ·--~29 •·.
.. ·.
.: 2 ··. -98.5'·. 302·· ...· · .. 506 -. .. 9 ·.: .
2765 ,4699 · .. 97()
· .-·· 102·
122.·
:·

. . 2· 1' .:':
.: V4 , 117 . · -. 361 ' 605 91/4 •2876 . ,4899' . 1011
'2Y2 .··. 136.2· 422 706. . ". 143 .' .: 91/2 .2985,· >5098 . 1051
· 23/4 .. 157.. · 455 . .ats · .. 165 93/4 3101·· ., 5288 1091'
. ...
.. ·... : ..
-177.8 552 . 926 ,. : 187 -, : 10 · -. 3216: :5490 1136
3 ·.
3y4.· 199.8 624 1047 .· 211 10Y2 : 3480 .5940 1230 •

3Y2 222. .695 1167 236. 11 3716. 6355 1320

'•

33/4 . 245 .·.· . . · 769 1292 .· . , .261 .· . . 111/2 ..

..
3960 ', 6780 . "< 1410
.>.
 For ulas and Equivalents

Flow Data Weir

Dis harge from Triangular

N tch Weirs with End
Contractions

Head
Flow in gallons
per min Head per mi
I
Flow in gaillons
Head
Flow in gallons
per min
I
(H) (H) (H)
in 90° 60° . in ·goo . in 90° 60°
inches notch notch inches notch. inches. notch notch
.1 . 2.19 1.27 63/4 260 150 15 . 1912 1104
1Y4 3.83 2.21 7 . 284 164. 151/2 2073 1197
1 V2 · 6.05 3.49 71/4 310 . · 17.9 16 2246 1297
13/4 8.89. 5.13 7V2 338 195 i61/2. 2426 -, 1401
2 12.4 7.16 73i4 367 . 212 17 2614 1509
2¥4 16.7 .9.62. 8. . 397 229 171/2 2810 1623
2V2 21.7 . 12.5 81/4 429 248. 18 .3016 1741
23/4 27.5 '15.9 BV2 462 .267. 18V2 3229. .1864
3 34.2 19.7 83/4 498 287 19 3452 1993
31/4 41.8 24.1 9 533 308 19112 3684. 2127
3V2 .50.3 .29.0 91/4 . 571 330 20 3924 2266
3314 59.7 . 34.5 9V2 610 352 20V2 4174 2410
4 70.2 40.5 93/4 651 376 21 4433 2560
41/4 81.7 47.2 10 694 . 401 211/2 4702 2715
41/2 . 94.2 . 54.4 10V2 . 784 452 22 4980 2875
· 1-,- lngersoll·Dre•ser ·Pumps .
. . ·.. . . . .
Cameron Hydraulic Data.
. . '.. . . . . . .

LO
,_ LO LO. . · · .
~O,-C\11'-M~CO LOLO .·, ··
v~C\IC")O)(OCOv~LOMNLO(O~O)OLO
o.,-C\J~~<0coi.0m<0L0<0mNv,......,...m
. . . . . . . ;-: ,.,..: c\i c\i cci C'? .U") ex:i c\i ci a> ·
. · .,...T-.,-(\JC")'

mco . .·
c Q. N N LO CO I'- (0 ..,.... CO LO .N LO .
Q) LOM<0mmmcoLOcocoMLOM..,....,.....moo
0 Q)
..,.... "'O . .....................omM~Nmmm~~LO-
o-C\JMLO •.· .•...... ·
.,... ..,.... C\I Mv· "-..,.... l!) CO C\J <O I'-
.
. .. . . . . ,.,...-..-.~ - C\J . C\J ~(")
g>.~-'--'-~---'----· """.''· --'---"'--........;._;_;.....;.,----------'----'-~
Q... LO
.•. ·•~ ·. . C Q. · . ~ tO, ~ ~. ~ ti) eo' . LO Lo LO ..,· . . . :·. ·.• · . . .

~~re ~ g. -~
Q. _· · ·- ~ · · · (0 (0 M O'> V O'> N
· C\J ................ 0 M O'> 0 O'>. LO i.O
.<ii;f
CX) "C 0 ..,.... . M ~ I' O'>. M C") O'> O'> M O'> O>. CO N :.-- .,..- M
-·~ , . , . . . . .. ;-: N·.~ <? lci a) ·$
0
£. ..
lo'---._;,_4-~~~__;_...;;.....~~_;,_~~~~~---'----'...,-....;....__;_~--1

of
>

-c
(D
-~·

•".'O·
Q)
~ Lh . :
c .·~·~.·~~~mm~ . . .
·I.. .·.

·.~

0
~
. .. ·
.·- .O>.
Q.
ooco cot.ri Lor-, LOv LO LOC\I Li).......
LOT-
' ,...:.: ,....: c\i·~ ..0 ,...: Ci Cri m cri <ri <.o <ri c\i
•. o v Q) . ..,.... C") (0 O') v 0) (0 (0 0) O'). (0 C")
.· "C . . . ..
.!! . en . . . . . . . . ,.....- ~ M ~ to.co 0)
· . . .Q
ca Q)

-
. "'- I----''--'----+----_;,_--'--,-----'---"--'-'-----"-...,---..--'--'--'"-~
t- , ca
(.).
LOLO·· . . . · · ·
c·· (0. N CO 0 LO LO
C") ', ·.·. . . . -. · · •· .• . .. · . ·.
·o c
:Q.
;
ca
0
a.:..
. Q) ..
.
C")
Q)·
Q)
"C
....... VCOC\JO>LOMco<O..-.LOO~Ooooo
. ·-r: ~ ~ ~ ·~· «? ll:?. r. ~· .«? .or: ·~
,-·.,_ C\I M. <O ........ 0 v. co·m M.T-:LO COM
~: q ~ "! ~ ~· .· ~
-
.· O'I .0 . . . :-r- .,.-... C\J M LO. CO ........ CO C\J ~-:
··· . .....
. :··-C.
 .,
•:-
...;
•

.....
•

For . ulas and Equivalents

·····--·-·... ; .
·.··.;
;
·. Frequently Used Formulas and Equivalents

! '

'\
'
Velocity:
Q =AV or V = Q/A

•...
4a .
i ,. V = 0.4085 gpm = 0.2859 bph = 0.00 8368 gpm = 0.001985 bph
, a2 a2 -n2 n2
. ··,
·' where:
'
'E.... "

...
·l
V · velocity of flow-· ftlsec
Q = capacity-ft3/sec
. A = area of pipe or· conduit-c-ft"
....1

'. d =diameter of circular. pipe 1 r conduit-inches

· D . diameter of circular pipe or conduit-ft
_··gpm = U s·gallons per minute ..· · · ·
bph = barrels per hour (42 gals .: oil)
Velocity equivalents:
ft/sec x 0.3048 = sec ·
m/sec x 3.2808 ·:_ fit/sec ·
Fluid flow-any liquid:
U S gpm x 0.002228 ·. ft3/sec
U S gpm x 0.2271 = m3/hr
· US gpm x 0.227 =metric tons- per hour (water at
---.U~lngersoll·Dl-esser P~mps .• . Cameron Hydraulic Data
- . . . . . . . . '· .

·Head and pressure: (For water at normal temperatures (60°F))

· .... ·· . d·. ·r•. · ·. Headin psi x 2:31·· .
Hea 1n eet = . · · · ·
sp gr .
. H d . ', ·. Head in feet x sp gr
· ea 1nps1 = . · · .·
. . 2.31 .
. . :.....
. ..· : . - .

Pumping power-> See page 1-27 ·- . ·

. . horsepower.x 550· .. ft-lb/sec .:
· ·. x 33000-:- ft-lb/min
x 2546 .. B1JJ/hr. . .
x: 745. 7 . -:- watts · . .
.. : :
x
0.7457-:- kilowatts
• x. 1.. 014
·.·
rnetric horsepower'
..
:· .
. .. . .. · _, .. ·.
... ·· .
· · · gprn x H (in feet) x sp gr . . .
Brake hp ~ .;.........;_--~-.,.---'-;.;................,---~- (centrifugal terminology)
3960 x efficiency .
: bph x H (in feet)>< sp gt
- .. · .· .. · ·. . ·. . . ·
· . .: · · · . ·.
(centrifugal terminology)
< · . ·.
·. ·. · · ~ · 5657 x efficiency · . · ·.. · ..· · ·-. · · < .. ··.. .: .• .". .

- gpm xpsi (reciprocit,ingt~i-irti!lOlogy) ·

171·4 ·x· eff · . · · : - · · · ·... · . ·. · · · · · · . . ·
. ·., .' ·. ·.. . · . ·

b'h . · . ·.; ' ' . .. ·. -. ·. ·.· ·.· . .

'" -
•..
£{ ·
"'\

For ulas .and Equivalents

:! -,\
41,.
·.
''.
(··'
.·Torque-See
.. .
page 1-35

'Ibrque in lb-ft
.
bhp
- ·-

= · ----+--
rpm
x 5250

· bhp =brake h rsepower

rpm = revoluti ns per minute

Specific speed-See page 1~19

. . .-· · rpmvgpm ·
Impeller specific speed = N5"' . . (See page 1-20)
314

where·
gpm . design capacity at bes efficiency point
H = head per stage. at bes efficiency point
rpm . speed
· . ·. · -·. · ·. rpm gprn . ·
Suc_tio_n specific speed = S • (NP 'HR)314 (See page 1-21) _

where . ·
gpm =design capacity. at ·best efficie cy point for ·single suction
. . . . . I . .

first stage impellers, or one ha f design capacityfor double

suction impellers.
 . ' ,.
· . . 1 ~ · lngersoll·Dresser > ;..::
· - ·:'=·~\
Pumps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data ·. .
":>':

Miscellaneous ·
Temperature equivalents:
.l ·. )
Degrees · ret
Degrees · Degrees l· •.
Fahren-
!~'
Kelvin Rankine Celsius heit
'a·)
'Absolute .zero ~
•••· Water freezing point;
. . '0 0 '~ 273.15 -'- 459.67 1.,,,.
{14.696ps~a101.325 · . · ~·
l{Pa) .... >.. : ..• ~ ..... < . 273.15 . 491.67 .0 32 ·91/

·~ -f
· . ' Waterboilingpoirit: .•. .'
. (i4.696 psia 101.325 · · . .·_ ::..c~· :-
. - . . . :.: ,' · . ' '1
KPa). . .··. ~ .. ~· -.- .'. .. . . .. . . .. . . .·. - . 373.15 . 67L67. 100 212
Celsius/Fahrenheit 'coll versions: .· •. •· . . ·. 1f · . · '·-~ ·1
... I:

DegC.· .5/9 (°F ~··32). ·. )

! •'
' '• ),
~
:Deg F. · 9/5 "C + 3?. .• " ;

-t -l
·
·.l~ ....

'. Reynolds Nu.~b~ (R): (see page 1-4) .· • . . . . ; ·. ('.

. ' ' . i
..... • .-

' ~

'
••

' .
c.~

. , '
C -
. 'Le_ ;
. · y~
.
CL . _·" C " ~~.C _ .i ;»: - - - C - .. - C .• . • - ·.; .: - .; - • C - - - • . . • ;

i:_~"- .· •.:-·:,: _1···

. j
. V •. A~erage velocity-··_···ftls~c . · . ·
 I \
l
r
SECTION 3 -
FRICTIOi,~ -
.•
.e .

.·
 · I) lngersOll-DresserPumps · Camer~n Hydraulic Data. ·~--···· ;- ··
••
.>~-..:'
•

· ..

OF SECTION :&-.•l
. .•.
:--·
. CONTENTS 3. :·._

. Friction Data:
ie•)
Page.
'•~..·
·'••1
.'• •
·· ,Fric:tionloss principles . • ·. ; . > .. '. :;. 3~3

<-Darcy-Weisbach Formula .. • ., ~ ·. ~ ~'.. ., ~ . <'. ~- ~ .. ; .. 3~3 · ··.:'.\-·:···;)

'

· . -~-·-·rI.·!
Hazen a!ld Williams Formula . . . . . . ; . .· ; . . · ; . . . . . . . . . . . ; 3- 7 .,
•. · l ••

·~·: ••.
.i .
· Example0Headloss Calculation :; ·....• ,. -: ~ .... ; ~ .•.. <3-9 to 3·-10. •. l
<if>

. .,. Wlj }
Moody cli~gram-Reynolds Nos. Ve~sus Friction . .
Factor Chart ... : .. < .. · .... ·. ~ .< .. .' .:', ; .... ;• :. · ..... ; 3~11 · .. . ,i. •.
. ~- . )

Friction ofwater inca~t iro~ and steel pipe 3-i2 to 3-34 . ·~ . .:'

ii ·~·
Fr_iction of water in copper .tubing ancl brass.p .ipe 3-34 to 3-4$ . ·•
~ .c
 . ;,,. ·. '"
Friction

· Friction Losses i- Pipe

· The resistance to flow. as a liquid is m ved through a pipe results ·
in a loss of head or pressure and is call d friction (measured in feet
of liquid). This resistanceto flow is due to iscous shear stresses within
the liquid and turbulence that occurs ong the pipe walls due to
roughness.
The amount of head loss for a giv n system depends on the
characteristics of the liquid being handle ; i.e. viscosity, size of pipe,
condition (roughness) of pipe's interior ·S rface and length of travel; .
also loss through various valves, fittings, etc. (see page 3-110).
A vast amount of research has been onducted to determine the
amount of friction loss .for different con itions, _.and various 'expres-
1_
_

sions based on experimental data have b en developed for calculating

friction loss. The expression most corn only used in present day
practice and the one on which -the tabl s in this book are based. is
the * Darcy-W eisbaeh equation. This :D rmula recognizes that pipe
· friction is dependent on condition (roughn ss of pipe's interior surface),
internal diameter of pipe, velocity .of li uid and its viscosity. It is·
expressed as:
.h· .· - f. L y2
r- -
D 2g
where
 I) lngersoll·Dressf!r Pumps. . Cameron ~Hydraulic Data
. ' . .

·and the Reynolds Number .• and can be determin~d from an equation

· . developed by C. F. Colebrook (1939);i.e; · . · .

.· . . . 1 . . . . · ( .· € . R2.".5. ~
1.f·. ·)· . ·
. · ·. · Yf · . _;_2 logio \ 3.7D . + vi
· where
.· . ·.· ... •· . .. · - . . · VD .·
. , R , =, Reynold's
., , Number---.
, , , •.' -v,. --• . . '·.·,·
f = · FrictiC>ri Factor · · . · •. · - . '. · - . . · ·. · .·
e . · . Absolute Roughness Lin fee't-. · (See following table)··
. D < · •·Inside diameter of·pipe-·. ft<·.· -. .
Y .· Average.pipe velocity-., ft/sec
v . Kinematic Viscosity+.ft2/sec . . . . . . . · .... . ... _ .
· Since the Colebrook equation is .non-factorable in f, awkward and .· ·
· . difficult to solve, the value off may be obtained from a.graph or ·
chart developed by L. ·F.: Moody (ASME. 1944) and included herein · ·.
. on page 3-;1 L This· graph shows the relation between the friction ·
. factor f, the Reynolds Number. R, and the ·relative roughness €ID,
.· . where Eis the absolute roughnessinfeet,and,Disthe·pipediarileter.·
in feet; Note that for convenience the relative roughness is used in.
developing the graph onpage 3-11. < .· · . ,. •, .· . .. ·.·, . · <: .. , ·. , , .:

However, to avoid possible errors in reading the· friction factor f

from the Moody graph the friction loss ·-data presented in the tables .'
..
.' ·
-.,,
·.:...•• 1

..... }

Friction
,,

!!:
. ·'

··1 .

·\
;•;/

Absolute .
Type of pipe roughness*

';) (new, clean, condition)

Drawn tubing-glass, brass, plastic

e (in feet)

0.00'0005
Commercial steel or wrought iron 0.00015
Cast iron-asphalt dipped 0.0004
Galvanized iron 0.0005
Cast iron-uncoated 0.00085
Wood stave 0.0006-0.0003
Concrete 0.001-0.01
Riveted steel 0.003-0.03
*Basis data from Hydraulic Institute Engi eering Data Book.

. To obtain friction loss in pipes having o her roughness parameters,

·. the applicable friction factor can be obt ined from the Moody chart
·on page 3-11 and then-if desired, che ed for accuracy with the
Colebrook formula. In usingthe Moody hart on page 3-11the rela-
· tive roughness (EID) is used where "~" i the absolute roughness in
·feet and "D" is the pipe diameter in feet. · ·
.. Friction losses for pipe sizes between t ose listed in the tables may
be found with reasonable accuracy usin a ratio of the fifth power
of the diameters; thus . ·
Desired friction ·loss in pipe B
. · 1 .•-,. lngersoH·DresserPumps . · Cameron Hydr~tili~-Data ·

· surfaces, it ·is . suggested that for· most commercial design purposes

a safety factor of 15 to 20% be added to the values in the tables .
. . For a more detailed discussion •. of friction loss calculations and
· the various items .that should be considered, reference is suggested . . .
to the Engineering Data Book of the Hydraulic Institutej.also to Crane
Technical Paper No. 410. See page 1-47 for bibliography, .
For convenient 'reference formulas used in connection with the
· narcy~Weisbach/Colebrook method are; -.
.Head Loss .
.h = f L V2 = f 0.03112 L(gpm)2 = f 0.0153 L(bph)2 = f LV2
r . D 2g . .··:.. . d5 . . · . d5 . 4m2g
. ::. ·:
·.•. Friction Factor {f): (also see graph' page 3-11~)·. ...

.•. ·. i . · -. ·1· -- ·210·

.· ·.· - . .· : .:i' ' ·:Vf +; - ; glO
.·[· .• . · 'E,
.· ·3 7D
·/.+
2.51 · ·]·
.· .' R vT · .
' .· . .. · . ·. :" . ·• ,•' .. · . . . ·. . . ··:

ForR'less th~r12000(l~iriarfto\V°}; f · ··.·~·

. Reynolds 'Number: . . . . . . . . "': •. . . .

.. · . R .,
VD -- .· VDp · · 3162(gpm) >' 2214(bph) ·
. - --;--- - µ,. 32.174
. . . ·-. dk. . dk
 Friction

g ..:.. acceleration ofgravity, ft/sec2 (tak n as 32.17 4 ft/sec2 in making

conversions). . · ·
hr= head loss due to friction, ft of liq
E =absolute roughness in feet-see
h, =Velocity head-ft of liquid
. k = kinematic· viscosity, centistokes = z
s
1· . kinematic viscosity ,-ft2/sec
L =length of pipe including equival nt length for loss through

I
fittings-ft
. d' flow area
m = h y d rau 1 1c ra 1us = · . . = ft
· . · wetted perirne er
(use in calculating flow in open ch nnels or unfilled pipes)
.P = density at temp. and press. at which liquid is flowing, lb/ft3
gpm = flow of liquid, gallons per minute. ·
· u . . absolute or dynamic viscosity; lb- ec/ft2
V = velocity of fl.ow, ft/sec. .
s • density, g/cm" (water at 4°C or 39.2°F ~ 1.000)
z = absolute or dynamic viscosity=- c ntipoises ·
HAZEN AND WILLIAMS
Although the Darcy-Weisbach/Colebr ok method (on which the
tables in this book are based) offers a .rational mathematical solu- ·
 I) lngefsOH-Dres~r Pumps Cameron. Hydraulic Data .
... .. •· ------------------------------~...----------~~ . . . . . . . .

· Hazen and Williams-·Friction Factor C**

Values of C

Range-:--:·· Average
High= best, value Commonly
Type of pipe
smooth, for used
welllaid- clean. value for
Low =;o·poor neW design
or corroded pipe purposes

.· c~ment-Asbestos . , .•. · ..............•.... • 150...:140 ... · 150 140

Fibre: , , ·., .- .. • 150 . 140
Bi_tumastic-enameHined tron.or steel , . .
centrifugally applied . ; .. · , . , .. : ~ . , . 160-130 · 145 140
Cement-lined iron or steel centrifugally ··
· applied :: : ·~ · · _. :'. . · . iso 140

· · .. Copper, brass; lead. tin or glass pipe and < . . · · •· .

tubing : , ,.: · · · 150-120 • · 140 130

woi:>d-sta~e .. .: •.. :· ~ .. :.-.; : .• : . 145-.110. . . ·•.·;20 110

. ·Welded and ~eamless.steel .... : ..•. : ..... ~., ... 150-80 130 .. .100
· Interior riveted. steel (no projecting . ·. . .
rivets) .....•....
Wrought~iron; CasHron
~- ~

Tar-coated cast-iron '. .•..... ,

: .. ; ;
; ......•.. ~· .. .:
,,
.
:
: : ~. ···
150-80
145-50
139
.130 ~gg :,. ·-. ·.
100

130

c:ri~~:e~~'.~). : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : '. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Girth~rlveted steel·(projecting rivets in ·girtri -.
130 100
152-85 120 '100
Fuli~riveted steel (projecting rivets in girth· '
· and horizontal seams) ~ , .. : ; . 115 100
Vitrified, Spiral~riveted steel (flow with lap) . 110 100 .

·Spiral-riveted steel (flow against lap) ; , , '.. 100 90

· Corrugated steel , •.. ·.: : .: ~; '. .. 60 60

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ • .... ab
..
Values of C 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 70 60.
..
 •.:··.
•
o,
·.:
).
. Friction

i- . ,.· ·'
Friction -head loss-· sample calculatio

!., •
f;.,
To illustrate the application of the fri . tion and head loss data in
calculating the total system 'bead for a s ecific system the following
example is offered:
tt,·
I

:\"'·I'.,
...... ·. '
Problem-referring to the accompan · g figure, page 3-10, a pump
takes water (68°F) from a sump and deli ers it through 1250 feet of
4" diameter schedule 40 steel pipe. 'The uction pipe is 4" vertical 5
·1· . ,·. . ' ' . '
feet long and includes a foot valve and a long-radius elbow. The dis-

,,, .
)
'
.·'
charge line 'includes two standard ·90 de ee flanged elbows, a swing -
check. valve and an open wedge-disc g te valve. It is required to
find the suction lift (hJ · and the dischar e head (hd). when the rate
llill
C;_, '
of How is 200 gpm.

Solution·

I
' ';

'
.v
; ·(a)· SUCTION LIFT-Data from table o page·3-20.
·,
. . . . . . v2
:'

· Velocity head=·-= 0.395 ft

'' 2g

Pipe frictionloss hr= 2~25 ft per 100 t of pipe.

The resistance coefficient for the ot valve (page 3-115) is .
K = 1.3 and for the long-radius elbow (p ge 3-112) is K = 0.27.
I) lngersoH·Dressel' Pumps ·. Cameion Hydraulic Data
. ~ .. -·· . ·-·· -·- --· ~ .•.. ·. -- -~ ~-···· ·-·~.. . ,._ ~-·- -·- ·- -· ·'•

ELEV 289 00'

--::----~-;--

OPEN TANK ,

RG[l\ll£NT

B;."'" •
~-~-----12!10'·,-. -----~~

,-11r---~~:.-:...-=,-4111L~~:-_ . .;.;. _:-_-_---_. r__-_. ==============•··~ ·

. 265'
. I
I.
. \w£d~t brsc :GA;·E VALV~ _· _ ._·.

. . · : . ·:· · · . -:'

. ALL ~IPE IS NEW 4~1NCH:.

, : STD •. STEEL-SCHEDULE 40
7'

-=-!~v 24.00'

. The resistance coefficientfor. the vario1lsfittings as obtained from ·_ .

the tables will.be: · · · · .
·- ·- -.--. K 0.51
··.,:
··•:
. ..... ,.. . .. _,,

... : ...
Friction

··z_!•' Friction Factors for Com nerclal Pipe

(for Darcy-Weisbach formul
e
:1, page 3~3)

,,.:
Relative' Roughness = -
-8
/)
.,.,
f.
:·
..,. ..., .... ..... - =8
= = =
V'I .... M
=
N ~
<='!
-
~~
cc
0
u:i
Q
o,
0
C'!
.....
c::>
~ ~~
=
=
0
c::>
0
<=!
c::>
Q
=
0
Q
c:::
= r
~-
c::>
0

co
.,.,
I .u:J 8
~ .,., 0

--··
i,,.;
c
.... <='!

~ ""'~
II
I'

- Vs
J

II
i I
' I
' ! I I j J
i I
I ~ II
! ! I ~ o "-'I~

I:: I

L I
I

J
.
,,I
II'
a:
...,
""
....
ta).
I

I i I
:
.J
I
,,

I·
I
;
r I I ....,
I l 1 I'~
i I
i ~ I I II. .....
!
.,, I I
I ·W, I ! I ' i IJ 'I/

~~b~I
'· 11.
!
I .J J J)
I

~ E:::i -"
)
j 1/1 I
.. 0
"
I ..
E:./
I
co '
~· - t- 0
-w% ...
' Q: I : I II <.O
J 'I .,,
'.
i IJ
' I
::~co5~::1:z•
...... a:: u.il' L-J
! , I

:
I
l
l
I
I
I

II
I
4
-e-
QJ
..c
E
..._ :::>
t-
..J
:::i.
! I ~ I JV ,.... ::::>
z

.~
: I
co Ill II' V'>
·g: I ,A ,, 'J[/J J., ..... "C

Z·,·
0
:t-j
II ' 1w.~ $Iv c:

1E1 '
I
i
V;
"
''
I

I
II
: '
'
' ,.. 1 "~'( :
>.
QJ
0:::
 •
_' -·= ,
- -,-1 ~ l11gersoll Dresser 0 PUllllls Cameron Bydraiilic Data -
. . - . . -: Friction. of Witer ·. . -New Steel Pipe
on Darcy's
:··
,_.)
'•~-
(Based Formula) . 1W~'
1/4111ch ._
. . :
. . .
Standard wt steel-· sch 40 .·.Extra strong steel-sch 80
Flow ·1-'.---------------r----~-....,.....- . . . . . -----
U S 0.364" inside dia · . · 0;302" inside. dia
gal
per · Velocity. VeloCity · Head loss ' . Velocity Velo_city Head loss
min .· · ft per .sec ·head-ft ft per 1,00 ft ft per sec head-tt .· .ftp~r 100 ft
OA. •' .· 1.23 . 0.024 .•. . .• . 3.7 >·1:79 .•.....: '• 0.05 ·9.18 .
0.6 . 1.85'. . r 0.053 . . . .•. 7 .6 2.69 . . ..· ().11 19.0 · .
.o.e . 2.47' 0.095 . 12.7 ·.3.59 · 0.20 32.3
.·1.0 3.08 . 0;148 . ·.· .r ·. < 19~1 .. · •, '.< 4.48 : 0;31 •. 48.8 .
. <1.2 . . 3.70 .· 0;213 . . 26.7 . . 5.38 0045 68·6 ..
1.4 :4;32 ,. ,• 0.290 . . . ·.. 35.6 .. · ~6.27· · . 0.61· 91.7 · . ·•· ·
1.6 4.93 .· 0.378 : . . 45.6· . . 7.17 .· . o.so . 11~.1 . .
1.8 .: . 5.55 · .· 0.479 •. -. 56.9 8.07 ·. . ' · 1.01 . ·.·· 147,7 •.•.
': 8.96'
2.0
2.4
6.17
7.40
· o.ssi .·
0.850 .,
> - . . 699·•-~8-: -·- .:
·1Q.7S
1.25
1.79 .
180.7 '. .
.· 256 ., -. ·.

2.8 .: 8.63. 1.157 .

%Jnch
 .. ------------···
Friction
Friction of Water New Steel P pe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Form\ la)
112 Inch
Standard wt steei-sch 40 Extra strong steel-sc1h 80 Schedule 160

.622" inside dia .546" inside dia .464" insidedia

Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Vetocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
0.1- 0.739 .000 0.74 .96 .01 1.39
1.0 1.056 .017 1.86 1.37 .03 2.58 1.90 .056 1.68
1.5 t.se .039 2.82 2.06 .07 5.34 2.85 .126 5.73
2.0 2.11 .069 4.73 2.74 .12 9.02 3.80 ;224 12.0
2.5 2.64 .108 7.10 3.43 .18 13.6 4.74 .349 20.3

3.0 ·3.17 .156 . 9.94. 4.11 .26 19.1 5.69 .503 30.8
3.5 3.70 .212 13.2 4.80. .36 25.5 6.64 .684 43.5
4.o·· 4.22 .277 . 17.0 5.48 .47 32.7 7.59 .894 58.2
4.5 . 4.75 .351 21.1. . 6.17 .59 4cf.9 8.54 1. 13 ·.75.0
s.o 5.28 .433 25.8 6.86 .73_. so.o 9.49 1.40 94.0

5.5 5.81 :524 30.9 7.54 .. 88 . 59.9 10.44 1.69 115

6.0 .6.34 .624 36.4 8.23 1.05 70.7 11.38 2.01 138.
6.5 .6.86 ·.732 42.4 8.91 ·1.23 82.4 . -12.33 2.36 163
7.0 7.39 .849 48.8 9.60 1.43 95.0 13.28 . 2.74 190
. 7.5 .: 7.92 .975 55.6 10.3 1.6 ~09 . 14.23 3.14 220

8.0 8.45 1.109 63.0 . 11.0 1.9 123

8.5 8.98 1.25 70.7 , 1.6. '. 2~1 ~38
9.0 9.50 1.40 78.9 12.3 2.4 ~54
9.5 10.03 1.56 87.6 13.0 . ·. 2.6 ~71
10 10.56 1.73 96.6 13.7 2.9 U9.

3/4 Inch

Standard wt steel-sch 40 Extra strcnq.steel-s-sch 80 Steel-schedule 160

.824" inside dia .742"inside dia .612" inside dia

.·I.~ . · lnger~-oll·Dresser-·Pumps·· · ·Cameron Hydraulic. Data
Friction of Water New Stee!Pipe (Con.tinued) .·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) ·
., · · .· 1 Inch·

Standard wt steel-sch 40 .. Extra str~ng steel..;..sch 80 Schedule 160 steel

. 1.049'' inside dia · .· · :9s1~lnside dia .B15"inside dia
Flow
us '·Head Head Head
gal· · Velocity .·,Velocity ·.loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
· per tt per . head · ft per • tt per · head ft per ft per head ft·per .
min· sec tt .: 100,ft .. sec ft 100 ft. sec .ft 100 ft

2 . 0.74 . . . 009 · . · ·. ;355·.· .. .:s9 ·. . . 01· -. .': ·.~599 . 1,23 . . . 023 . . 1.26
3 1.11 .019 .• 787 ·. 1.34 .. 03 . 1.19 .. 1.85 . .053 ~60
4 .. 1.48 W4 1.270 1.79 .05 .· 1.99 .· 2.46.: .094 4.40
·,5 . . . 1.86 .054. . · 1:90 ' . 2~23 . ;08 . . . ·2.99 . 3.08 ... -. 147 • 6.63
6 . ···.2.23 . 077 . 2.65 2.68 ,.· . ll . ·· . 4.17 . 3.69 . ... 211. . 9;30.

8 2.97 . :137 .. .. · ,4.50 .. : 3.57 '.· . .·.20 ' 7.11 ' -. 4.92 .376 -15.9 .··. . ·-.
10 .· . 3.71 .214 .· . 6.81 . 4.46 . 31 · '·. 10.8 .' .. .6~15 ~587 24.3 · .
.: ·~2 '4.45 . . ~308 ., 9.58 . ·. 5.36 . .45 .. : ·15.2 ' 7.38•. . ;545. 34;4
14 . 5.20 .420. 12;8 6.25 .61 ·. . 20.4 -". .·8.61 •.. 1.15 46.2'
16 . . 5.94 .548 . · ·· 16.5 .7.14 ·... 79 . ·: 26.3: 9.84 ·. .1 :50 . 59.7
. 18 .: . . 6.68 .694 ' 20.6 .· . . 8.03. . ·.· 1.00 . ..: 32,9··. 11.07 ·.· . 1.90 . 74.9 .
20 . . . 7.42. ... 857 ' 25.2 . .. 8.92 .· · • 1.24 40.3 . . ·12.30 2.35 . ' .91.B .
. 22 8.17 . 1.036 3b.3 .. 9.82 1.50 ' 48;4 . .•. · 13.53 . . 2.84 110
24 . . . 8.91 1.23 35.8 . 10.7 • 1.B . . 66.8·
57.2
0
.14.76 ' 3.38 131
26 .9,65 1.45 ·• . 41~7 .•. . 11.6 2.l . ·.• '15.99 3.97 153

. 28 10.39 1.68 ·. . 48:1 · . 12.5 ..•. · 2.4 77.1 .:

30 11.1 1.93. 55.0 . . 13.4 2.B . · . · 88.2'
35 13.0 2.62 '74.l:. .· 15.o, · . 3.8 119
. · 40 ·:.14.8 3_43· .: 96.1 . -. J7.9. · . ,:· 5.0 :· • 154
45 .16:7 . 4.33 121 •. 20.1: .: ·. 6.3 .: 194

· 1v4 Inch . ·

. Standard wtsteel-e-sch 4.0 Extra

.
strong ' steel~scli
.. . . . . . . . .. .. '
ao . .
Schedula 160_..:steel •'

..
'

, .1 .'380" inside dia '·· 1.278" inside dia '1.160"inside dia

 .'\ ,\

-~·-
.~· . .
..
-· -

Friction
--

::•.. !.
,i: -

..

) Friction of Water -·-New Steel e>ipe (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Forinu la)

i',:,i
1Y2 Inch·

! Standard wt steel=-scn 40 Extra strong steel-sch 80 Schedule 160-steel

I

1.610" inside dia 1.500" inside d a 1.338" inside dia

:.',.
Flow
I us Head Head Head
-,
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head tt per
',
! min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

.404

!;'
i 4 .63 .006 .166 .73. .01 .233 .913 .013
l .. 5 .79 .010 .. 246 .91 .01 ·.346 1.14 .020 .601
6 .95 ;014 .340 1.09 .02 .478 1.37 .Ci29 .832

11
7. 1.10 .019 .447 -. 1.27 .03 .630 1.60 .040 1.10

:\.:;)
8 1.26 .025 .567 1.45 .03 .800 1.83 .052 1.35

9 1.42 .031 .701 1.63 .04 .990 2.05 .065 1.67

10 1.58 .039 .848 1.82 .05 1.20 2.28 .081 2.03
12 1.89 .056 1.18 2.18 .07 ' 1.61 2.74 .116 2.84
..... 14 2.21 .076 1.51 .. 2.54 .10 2.14 3.20 .158 3.78
16 2.52 .099' 1.93 2.90 ... 13 2.74 3.65 .207 4.85
:,
.)'<
- 18 . 2.84 .125 .2.40 3.27 .17 3.41 4.11 .262 6.04

i\,,,
20 3.15 .. 154 2.92 3.63. .20 4.15 4.56 '.323 7.36
22' 3.47 .187 3.48 3.99.· .25 4.96 5.92 .391 8.81.
.24 3.78 .222 4.10 4.36 .30 5.84 5.48 .465 10.4'
·26 4.10 .261' · . · 4.76 4.72 .35 6.80 ·5.93 .546 12.1
.
28 4.41 .303 5~47' 5.08 .40 7.82' 6.39 .634 13.9
·.~

:1
I
30 4.73 .347 6.23 5.45 .46 8.91 6.85 .727 15.9
32 5.04 .395 . ·7,04 . 5.81 .52 10.1 7.30 .828 18.0
I 34 5.36 .446. 7.90 ' 6.17 .59 . 11.3 7.76 .934 20.2
I
36 5.67 '.500 8.80 6.54 .66 12.6 8.22 1.05 22.5

I ) 38 5.99 .577 9.'76 . 6.90 '

.74 14.0 8.67 1.17 . 25.0
i 40 6.30 .618 ,. 1~.8 7.26 . .82 15.4 : -. 9.13 1.29 27.6

:;··'·
42 '6.62 .681 ' 1 .8 ' 7.63 .90 16.9 9.58 1.43 30.3
! 44 6.93 .747 ' 12.9 . 7.99 .99 18.5 10.04 1.57 33.1
.· 1.08 10.50 .
'

46 7.25 . 817 14.0 8.35 20.1 1.71 36.1

48' 7.56 '.889 15.2 8.72 1.18 21.8 10.95 1.86 39.2
 •
I. ~tl1 IR~e· rs·· o· ·11-D·re·. ss··e·.,.·. P.u· m··P.s. ·. ·. · CaJllero~ !ly~r~~lfo~ata__
'":1 . . . . . . . /Ill)
_ :.::'
. Friction of Water New Steel Pipe (Continued) · :.... J
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
· ·· · 2 inch · · · ;qe;'
· :'

ifPI
I .·. '

· • Standard wt steel-sch 40 · Extra strong steel-sch 80 · . Schedule 160.:.,..steel '

2.067"inside dia 1.939" inside dta · 1.687'" inside dia

I(~
••
Flow
us He.ad Head ·Head

.•
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity ·loss -Velocity .: . Velocity · loss
per · tt.per head ft per ft per .·head · · ft per · ft per • head . ft per
. ft.
. ,,.l
~..' ,
min -sec ,ft 100 ft sec 100 ft sec .ft 100 ft
5 . .478 .004 · .. o74·· .54 .00 .. 101 . . :718 .008 .· .197
6 .574 .005 .. 102 ·.65 · .. 01 . ,139 .861 .012 ' .271

~:
7 .669 .007 .134 . . .. 76 .01 .182 1.01 . . .Q16 .: .· .. 357 ~
•8 • .. 765 .009 .170 .87 .01 .231 . 1.15 .020. . .452
9 .. 860 .012 ;209 . . 98 •.·.01 .. 285 . l.29 .026 •. 559 .

10 .956 . o14 · .• 252 1.09< .02 1:44 . .032 ' .675

··.12 1.15 .021. .349 1.30 .03 1.72 .· .046 .; .938.
1.34 .028 .· ·.461 .· . 1;52 ... ()4. 2.01 .· .063 1;20 ..
14
16 • 1.53 .036. ;586 .· 1.74 os 2.30 .082 . .1.53
41P):
c·
.:»
. 18 ·. 1.72. ;046 .725 ·. 1.96 . .; 06 . -. 2.s8 .104 . 1.90

-t-·
.20 . 1.91 .. 057 .878 2.17 .07 1.16 <2.87 .128 2.31··
22. . · 2.10 .069 1.05 . 2.39 .09 . 1.38 3.16 ;.155 2.76
24 2:29 .082 1.18 2.61 .11 1;62 3.45 .. 184 3.25
26 2.49 .: .096 · . i37 ·2.83· . 12 1.88 3.73 .216 . 3.77

,
•'

28 2.68 .111 ..•. 1.57 3.04 .14 .2;16 4.02 .251 . 4~33
.- -· ·.- ·- - - - - - - - .. .·- .. - ~ - - ·- ..

cj
-·
30 • 2.87 .128. 1.82 3.26 .17 2~46 4.31 .288 4.93
35' 3.35 . 174 . . 2.38 . 3.80 .22 3.28 5.02 .392 6.59
40 3.82 .227 .·.3.06 4.35 :29 4.21 5.74 .512 .. 8.49
45 4~30 ~288 3.82 4.89 .37 5.26 6.46 ;648 10.6 . ·:. .
50 4.78 .355 .· 4.66 5.:43 .46 6A2 7.18 .799 13.0

55 5.26 .430 5~58 5.98 .56 1.10 7.89 .967 15.6

60 5.74
·.
.511 .· ··.6.58 . 6.52 ,66 9.09 '8.61 us . '18.4
65 6.21 .600 . ·. 7.66 7.06 .n • f0.59 9.33 1;35 21.5
70 s.es .;696 8.82 . 7.61 .90 12.2 10.05 1.57 24.8
75 7.17 .. 799 ·. 10.1 .. 8.15 1.03 13.9 10.77' 1.80. .· 29;3
 ---------

·Friction
Friction of Water New Steel F ipe (Continued) ·
(Based on Darcy's Form1~la)
2V2 Inch

Standard wt steel-sch 40 · Extra strong steel-sch 80 Schedule 160-steel

2.469" inside dia .2.323· inside dla 2.125" inside dia

Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity . Velocity toss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per . head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

8 :536 .005 .072 .61 .01 .097 .724 .008 .149

10 .670 .007 .107 .76. .01 .144 .905 .013 .221

11
12 .804 .. 010 .148 .91 .01 .199 1.09 .018 .305
14 .938. .014. .195 1.06 .02 .261 1.27 .025 .403
16 1.07 .Q18 .247 1.21 .02 .332 1.45 .033 .. 512

18 1.21 .023 . 305 1.36 . .03 .411 . 1.63 .041 .634

20 1.34 .028 ;359 . 1.51 .04 .497 1.81 .051 .767
22 1.47 .034 .. 438 1.67 .04 .590 1.99 . .061 .912
24 1.61 .040 .513 1.82 .05 .691 2.17 .073 1.03
26 1.74 .047 .593. 1.97 .06 .BOO . 2.35 .086 1.20

tt.'. 28
30
·.1.88
2.01
.055
.063.
.679
.770
> 2.12
2.27
. 07
.08
.915
1.00
2.53
·2.71 .
.100 .
.114 ..
1.37
1.56

i·: · 35
40
.2.35
2.68
.. 086
. 112
0.99
1.26
.· 2.65
3.03.
.11
.14
1.33
1.71
3.17
3.62 .
.156
.203
2.08
2.66

e ·- - - - -- '- -
45.· 3.02 .141 1.57 3.41 .18 2.13 . 4.07 .257 3.32
so- - - .., 3.35""' ~ - - :174..:. - -: t;91 - - ~ -s.19- - - - :22·· - - - 2~s9- - - 4.52 - - - - .318- - - 4.os - - - - - · -

i
.55 3.69 .. 211 2.28 4.16 .. 27 3.10 4.98 .384 4.85

.: : ·. . ~~70 ::~~
. 4.69
:~~~
.342
~:~~
3.60
. !:~~
5.30
:fa.44 ::;~
4.89
~:~~
6.33
:~~~
.622
~:~:
7.67
~~-r-~~~t--~~---1~~--.,.-+~~~-t-~...._-----+--t-~~+-~~~t--~~---1~~~
75 5.03 .393 4.10 5.68 .50 5.58 6.79 .714 8.75
. 80 5.36 .447 . 4.64 6.05 -. .57 6.31 7.24 .813 9.90
85 5.70 .504 5.20 6.43 .. 64 7.08 7.69 .918 11.1

:~.
'
~~. ~:~~ :~~~ :::g . ~:n :~~ ~:;~ ~:~~ ~:~~ ~~:: .
 I) . lng8'5~H-DresserPump~ . Cameron.Hydraulic Data
Friction of Wate·r . Asphalt-d'ip-ped-C.asf lf(>n and New Steel Pipe·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) (Continued)
3 Inch.

_ Asphalt-dipped Std wt steel Extra strong steel

cast iron - sch 40 ' sch so· ,- ' sc_heduie 16o~stee1
'
3.0" inside dia 3,068" inside dta 2.900'' inside dia 2.624" inside dia
Flow
u s Ve-. - - Ve- Head
. •.
_-Ve- ve-- +tead - Ve- Ve- Head -_Ve- Ve- Head
gal locity locity _ -,loss focity lo city loss - locity locity - loss locity locity loss
per ft per. head ft -pe_r ttper head _ft per _tt per - head ft per ft per head ft .per
min sec. ft - 100 ft ·-sec ft 100 ft sec . : ft 100 ft sec ' ft 100 ft. -

- ·-.oo·· .oo
',

.10. '.454 .042--- .434 :003 .038 .A9'. c- :050· ;593 .005 .080
' 15 .. .68_1 -' .01 • 088 _ .65_1 .007 .077 . .73 .01 ·.;01 .890_ .012 ' .. 164
.908 .: ' -- .01 - ' - ;149 _.868 _;0)2 - .129. :97 .02 .169 ·1.19 ''
.022' .275 _
-· 20
.
',

25 ·- U.3 ~02 _- - .225 1.09 -, .018 .192 1.21 .02.-: :~253 1 :48 _' .034 _ _
A11
>30· .1.36 .. 03 - ·- .316 t.30- _ .025·-_- .267 1.45 .03 -·, .351 1.78 . .049 _;572
- '
'
---
35 -1;59 .04 .421 _1.52 _.036 - - .353 ' 1.70 -.04-- .464 2.08 .067 '.757'
-
40 1.82 <05 __ --,541 1.74 -.. 047 .,449 U4_ ;06 "
;592 - 2.37 ' .087 .. 933
45 . 2.04' .06 .676 ''(95' ;059- _.557: 2.18 ' XJ7 .734 2.67:-_ .111 1:16
50. 2.27 -. .08 ' ;825 2;17 - ;073 ,676" 2.43 ;09 _ '.•. 860, 2.97.' J37_ 1.41
55 2.50 .10 : .990 2.39 '.089 ~776" 2:61 .11 '1.03 .: 3:25: .165 ' ' ,·1.69.
'' ''

---
60 '2.72 .12 " _ 1.17 2.60 ' - .105 .:912"' .-2.91 _ .. 13 1.21 3:56 .197 -_ 1;99'
65 2.95. .14 '
·-1.36 2.82 ' ;124' - -_1.06 -- 3.16 - .15 1.40' 3.86 .231 2.31
·7(j .3.18 -. .16 >1.57 _.3:04 .143 1:22' 3AO ,,'' .16 :1;61 4~ 15 '. -'.268 2.65
75 3.40 .18 .1.79 3.25 '.165 1.38 3.64_- -_ ' .21.- 1.83 ' 4.45 .307 - 3.02
80 -_- 3~63: :21 .- 2.03 3.47 _- '.187 _1.56 -'-3.88 -. - -.23 '2.07 .: 4.75 ,350_----_ 3.41

. 85
'

" 3.8({ .23

. 2.28 3.69 .211 .1.75 4.12 .26 '2.31 5.04- .395 -.
--
3.83 .
90 .4.08' .26·· 2.55 _3.91r' :237' 1.95 4.37 .29 2.58 - 5.34 -A43 '4~27
95 4.31. .2!;! 2.83' 4.12 .264'' 2:t6 4.61 .33 '2.86'' 5.63 .493-. 4.73
100_ 4.54 ~32 3;12 4.34 .293 '. 2.37' - 4,55_.- _ - .36 - 3,15_ 5.93 '~546 _5.21
' - '
110 4.99 ' .39 - 3.75 4.. 77 ;354 2.84 5.33 .44 ---- 3.77 6.53 .661 _6.25
s.45-- . .46'' -4,45, 3.35 5.8L 4~45
--
120 $.21' .421 '' .52 7.12 .787. 7;38.
130 5.90 .54 ,_ 5.19 5,54 .495 3.90 6.30 .62 5.19 ., 7.71 .923 r; 8.61
140 ,6.35 -.. 63_ --. 6;00 ._6.08 ~574 4.50 6.79 <71 -5.98 - 8.31 1.07 - 9.92
.. 72 6.87 6.51 .659 5.13'_: 7.28 6.82
150 ' 6.81 -- ~82
,93 ___ - '7,72 ---
.8.90 1.23 11.3
160 7.26. .82 7.79 _6.94 ---
.7_49_ 5;~0 7,76 _9.49 1.40 12.8
.\ •
••. :i Friction
--

f:: Friction of Water - Asphalt-dipped .Caist-lron and New Steel Pipe.

,,··
(Based on Darcy's Formula) . (Continued)

:;\
'
3Y2 Inch
'

Asphalt-dipped cast iron Std wt steel sch 40 Extra strong steel sch 80

•':
\

::,9'-,·
3.5" inside dia 3.548" inside d1a 3.364" inside dia
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per . ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

:~'
15 .500 .004 .043 .487 .004 .038 .54 .OD .050
20 . 667 .007 . .070 .649 .007 .• 064 .72 .01 .083

E
25 .834 .011 .105 .811 '.010 .095 .90 .01 .123
30 1.000 .016 .146 .974 .015 .132 1.08 .02 .171
35 1.167 ,021 .195 1.14 .020 .174 1.26 .02 .225
. I . 40 1.334 .028 .·.25o 1.30 .026 .221 1.44 .03 .287
45 1.501 .035 .311 .04 .355
'(· 1.46 .033 .274 1.63

i1
50 1.667' .043· ' .379 1.62 .. 041 .332 1.80 .05 .430
60 2.001 .062 .535 '1.95 '.059 .463 2.17 .07 .601
'70 2.334 .085 .717 2.27 .080 .614 2.53' . 10 .769 .

••
80 '2.67 '110 ' ;924 2.60· ' .. 105 .757 2.89 .13 .986

::-;
''
90 '3.00 .140 ';1&0 2.92 .133' .943 3.25 .16 1.23
'' 100 3.34 .173 1.42 3.25 .. 164 1.15 3.61 '.20 1.50
110 3.67 .209 1.70 3.57 .198 1.37 3.97 ' .24 1.79
120 4.00 ' .249. 2.01 3.89 .236 1.62 4.33 .29 2.11
•,·
"
130 4.34 .292 2.35 ' 4.22 .277 1.88 4.69 .34 2.46
140 4.67 .338 2;71 '4.54 .321 2.16 5.05 .40 2.83
150 5.00 .388 3.10 4.87 .368 2.47 5.41 .45 3.22

i~.:
160 . 5.34 .442 3.52 5.19 .419 2.79 5.78 .52 3.64
170 5.67 .499 3.96 5.52 .473 '3.13' 6.14 .59 4.09

1EJO 6.00 '_56 4.42 5.84 '.530 '3.49 6.50 .66 4.56
190 6.34 .62 4.92 ' 6.17 .591 3.86 6.85 :73 5.06
200 6.67 .: .69 5.43 6.49 .655 4.26 7.22 .:81 5.58
220 7.34 .84 6.55 7.14 .792 5.12 7.94 .98 6.70

i:
240 8.00' .99' ' 7.76 7.79 .943 .6.04 8_66 1. 17 7.92

260 .8.67 9.24

 . . ... ·: .;, . . . . ..

IJ lngersoll·Dressel'
·.; ''

13ulilps .· ...· Cameron Hydraulic Data

·---:-- ---FrlcUon-ofWater · Asphalt•dipped Cast Iron and New:steel Pip-e·-
<Based on Darcy's Formula)
· 4 Inch .: · .· (Continued)
...
·Asphalt-dipped 'Std wt steel Extra strong steel · .. :

cast iron · · · .sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160:--steel

; - . .
.
4.0" inside dia 4:025· inside dia 3.826" inside dia 3.438" intide dia
Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve-:- Head Ve- . Ve- .. Head Ve- Ve- · Head
gal locity locity· loss l.ocity locity ·.ioss IC city '. locity loss lo city locity loss
per ft per head ft per. .tt per .heao .ft per .ft per .head ·.
ft per ft per head . 'ft per
min. ·- sec fl 100 ft sec .: . ft 100 ft .sec. ft .. 100 ft sec ft . 100 ft
.. ·'\ .. ...
20 .511 .004 .038 ;504 . 004 .. • 035.· . ~56 . .00 .045 ;591 .007 ~074
30 :1.66 .009 .076-.· :156 .009 ;072 : .·· . 84··. ·.: .01 ·.092 ·. 1;04 .017 .154
40 1.02 .016 .128 1.01 .016 .120 1.12 .02 ·.• 153 . 1_35 :030 ·. ~258
50 1.28 . 025 .194. 1_26 .025 ~179 . l.40 .. .03 .. .230 .1.73 .046 . ·.387 .
60 1.53. . 037 ··.273 1.51 : . 036' .• .250 . 1 :57· ;04 . ·.· .320 .. 2.07 .067 .• 540
.. .,
.10 1;79 .050 .365·- L76 .· .04a ... 330 . 1.95 .· .os .424. :2.42 .091>. .691 .
80 2.04 .. 065. • 470 ·,· _2.02 · .• .063 . ~422 .· 2.23 .08 .541 2.77 .119 .885
90 2.30 .082·· .• 588 2.27 . .,.;080 . . 523 2.51 . .10 .. .649 3.11 .150 . 1.10
'100 ·2.55 ... 101 .719 2.52. .099 . .613 2.79 .12 ;789 ". . 3.4.6 .155···· 1;34
: 110 2.81 .123 .862 2.17 .• 119. .732 3.!)7 .·. .1.5 .943. 3;80 .224, 1 .•61 . '

120 -aos .146 1.02 3.02 · •. '. .142 .861 .3.35 . . . it 1.11 : 4.15 . .267' 1.89
130 3;32 .171- 1.19 3.28 .167 1.0c:i 3.63 .20 1.29 ·.• 4.49 ·. .313 2.20
. ..
140 3;57 .199 1.37 ·3.53 : ;193 ·: . 1.15 3~91 . .24 1.48 . 4.84. .363 2.53
}50 3.83 '.220· 1.57 .3.78 .· :222. . 1.31 4,19-• . :21 1.69 .. · · . ·. 5.18. .417 ·2~89 . ·
160 4.08 .259 1.n. ·4.03 .. 253 1;48 4.47 ;31 1.91 .:. s.53 .475 3.26

170 .4.34 .293. 1.99 .4.28 .285 1.66 4.75 .35 . 2.14 5.88 ·.536 3.66
180 4.60 . 328 2.23 4.54 .320 . . 1.85 5.02.:·.· .39 2.38 5;22 .601·. 4;09
···190 4.85· .368 ,2.47. 4.79 :356 ··2.05 5.30 . .44 ·'2;64 6.57 .669 4.53
200 .·. 5.11 A06 2,73· 5.04. .395·· 2.25 5.58 .48 .: 2.91 .··. 6.91. .742 5.00
·220 5;62 .490 3.29 5.54 .:_.A78·· 2.70 6.14' .59 ·3;49 7.60 :897 -6.00
..
240 6.13 ;583 3.90 .6.05 .. 569 3;19 6.70 ~70 4~13 8.30 1.0T• 7;09
260 6.64 . 685 . 4.55 . 6.55. ;667 3.72· . 7.26 .82 4.81. EL99 1.25· 8.27 · .
;n4 :
.280 7.15 . . 794 5.26 7.06 : 4.28. 7.82 .95 5.54 9.68 1.45 9.55
300 7.66 ;912 ·.6.02· 7.56 '.888 4.89 . 8.38. 1.09 6~33 10.37 · 1.s1 10;9
320 8.17 1.04 .6.84 8.06 1.01 5.53 .8.94. 1.24 7.1?' 11.06 1.90 12.4
•.••• ,:
- -

:~·!·:· .
' ·----

. .-:.:'. Friction -··----

....

--·- - . friction of Water *New Steel I ~ipe (Continued)

:~
-· - .

(Based on Darcy's Forn,ula)

5 Inch
I
Standard wt steel-sch 40 Extra strong steel- ch 80 Schedule 160-steel
. :

::.,,
5.047" inside dia 4.313" inside dia
tt\
4.813" inside dt:a
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity toss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head It per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 n sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

£~
• I·

30 .481 .004 .024 .53 .00 .030 .659 .007 .051

40 .641 .006 .040 .71 .01 .051 .878 .012 .086

E
50 .802 .010 .060 .88 .01 .075 1.10 ,· .019 .128
60 .962 .. :014 .083 1.06 .02 .105 1.32 .027 .178
. ·'
I) 70 1.12 .020 .110 1.23 -. .02 .138 1.54 .037 .236

:I'l
., 80 1.28 .026 .140 1.41 .. 03 .176 1.76 .048 .301
90 1.44 .032 .173 1.59 .04 ' .218 1.98 .061 .373
100 1.60 '.040 .210 1.76 .05 .265 2.20 .075 .453
il 120
140
1.92
2.25
. 058
.078
.293.·.
.389
. 2.11 .
2.47 '.09
~07 .370
.491
2.64
3.07
.108'
.147
.612
.816

tt -, rj 160
180
200
2.57
2.89
3.21
.102
.129
.160 .
.480
.598
.728
2.82
3.17
3.52
.12
.16
.19
.607
.757
'.922
3.51
3.95
'4.39
.192
.243
.299
1.05
1.31
1.60

,,
~'.
220 3.53 .193 '· .870 '3.88 .23 1.10 4.83 .. 362 1.91
240. 3.85 .230. 1.03 4.23 :20 1.30 5.27 .431 ·2.25
' 260 4.17 .270 1.19 4.58 .33 1.51 5.71 .506 2.63
I 280 4.49 .313 1.37 .4.94. .38 .: 1.74 6.15 .587 3.02
300 4.81 .360 1.56 5.29 .43 '1.99 6.59 .674 3.45
320 5.13 .409 1.77 -5.64 .49- 2.25 7.03 .766 3.91

i;l
340 5.45 .462 1.98 5.99 .56 '. 2.52 7.47 .865 4.39

!; ·.
360 5.77 .518 2.21 6.35 .63 2.81 7.91 .970 4.90
4t11 380
400
420
6.09
6.41
6.74
.577
.639
.705
2.45
2.71
·2.97
6.70
1.05·
7.40 '
.70
.77
' .85
3.12
3.44
3.78
8.35
8.78
9.22
1.08
1.20
1.32
5.43
6.00
6.59
440 7.06 ' .774 3.25 7.76 .94' 4.13 9.66 1.45. 7.21

460 7.38 :
I)
. . . . .

lngersoH•Dress~r
. Pu_mps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data
Friction of Water · As.plialt-dipped Cast Iron andNew SteelPipe
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .· (Continued)
6·1nch

Asphalt-dipped Std wt steel Extra strong steel

cast iron· sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160,-steel
·.
6.0" inside dia 6.065" inside dia 5.761" inside dia 5.187" inside dia ·
Flow
us. ·ve- Ve- ·Head Ve- Ve- Head ve- Ve- Head Ve:- Ve- ·Mead
. gal .' 1ocity lo city loss locity . . locity loss . lo city locity loss loclty locity loss
per ft per head· ft·per : ft per •. head ft per ft per head ·it per ttpsr · head ft ·per
miri . sec ft. ,100 n sec . ' ft 100 ft sec ft - 100 ft ·sec 'ft 100 ft
.. ..
so .57 . · .005 . 027 .56 . ;005 ·;025 · ... 62 .in .032 .759 -. 009 .053
60 . 68 .007 . - .038 .· ,67 .· .007_. ;034 : .74 . . 01. .044 .911 .013 · . .073
70 .79 . ;010 '.048 .. .78 .009 · -. ~045 .· ;86 .01 .· .• 058 1.06 .018 .096
80 ... .91 . . ;013 ·<~062 .89 .012 ~o57 . ;98 .01 .074 ..
1.22 · . . 023 .123.
90 1.02 .016 .077 • 1.00 . .016. ,071 .1.11 .02 .. 091 , .37 .029 .152
.,
100. 1.13 .020 . :094 1 .11 . .019 .1>86 ··1.23 • .02 .: .110 1 .. 52 .036 ..• 184
120. 1.36 .029' .132 ' 1.33 .. .028 ;120 1.48. .· .03 ;154 1.8.2 ~052 .256.
140 1.59 . ' .039 .• 176 1.55 .038 .. 158 1.72 . 05 .: . ;203 . 2.1'3 .070 . ·.- .340•
160 '·1.02 .051 .226 1.1a··· .049 .:.202 1.97 ,06 .260 2.43 .·. .092 .435
180 2.04 . 065. .283 .'2.00 .. .. 062 .251 2.22 .08 -: . · .. 323 .2.73 .1.16 .522
200 .·•·2.21, .080 .346 . .· 2.22···· .077 .. 304 2.46' .09 .392 3.04 .143' .635
··220 2.50 . :097 '~415. ·. . 2.44
. ' ..: . . .
·.· .·.093', . • ..363 2.71 .11 .··;45f '3:34 .i73· .760 ..
240· 2.72 . 115 .490 2.66 .110. . .411 2.96 · . :14 .. 530 3.64 .206 .. 895
260
280
· 2.95··
. 3.18
.135
'_157
.'571 2.89 ·.· . . 130 ·.· . ·.477.· .
.658 ·. 3.11 .150 .548.
·3.20 .
3.45
. 16
:19
. ~616
;708
3.95
.4..25
.242 . . 1.04
.281 ~.20
.
.

300 .: .3.40 .180 .752' 3.33 .172 .· ·.624 3.69 . · · .. 21 .807 4,55 '.322 · 1.36
320 3.63 ·.205 .851 3.55 .196 • 705 .3:94. · . :24 .911 4.86. .366 . 1~54
340 3.86 .231 ;957 3.78. .222. .790 . 4.19 .· .27 1.02 5.16 .414 · 1;73 .
360 4.08 .259 1.01· 4.00 .240 ·.880 4.43 .31 . 1.14 5.47 '.46.4 1.93
. 380 .4.31.· .289• .: 1.19 4.22 ~211 . • 975 4.68 ~34 . 1.26. 5.77 .. 517 2;14
.

'4.54 .320 1.01· .38 6.07 ·. .572 2.36

400 1.31 4.4~ .. 307 ... 4.93 1.39
.450 5.10 ·.403 1.65. 5.00 .388. .1.34 5.54- . '48 .1.74 6.82 .725 2.95
'500 5.67 .500 -', 2.02 5.55 ·. .479 . 1.64 6.16 ;59 2.13 . 7.59 .894 3.61
550 6.24 2;44 6.11. .580. ·. 1.97 . ·. 6.77 .71 2.55 8.35 .1.08 4.34
. .. 605.
,.)·
•·:;
... :
. '
. '
..
.. : .
•'

..
.
;
'

..
..
··-·· ··-

Friction
\

1·:·1 .. , ~

.:-~,
"
1.,

Friction of Water Asphalt-dipped Ca st Iron and-New Steel Pipe·

., (Based on Darcy's Forr nula) (Continued)

!f,_Ii
Slnch

Asphalt-dipped Std Wt steel E> tra strong steel

cast iron sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160-steel
I
8.0'' inside dia 7.981" inside dia 7.625" inside dia 6.813" inside dia

i1
Flow '
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head
gal lo city locity loss locity locity ·loss· lociti lo city toss locity locity toss

tt J
per
min
ft per
·.sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft
ft per
sec
head
ft
·ft per
100 ft .
ft pe
sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft
ft per
sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft

&( .· 130 .83 .011 .037 . ;83

.. 90
.011 . ;036
.042.
..
.91 . 01 ;046 .
.. 052
1.14 .020 .079

I
140 .89 .012 ·.042 .013 .98 .01 1.23 .024 ;090
150 .96 .014 .048 .96 .014 .047 1.05 .02 .059 1.32 .027 .102
It I\
. .
160
170
1.02-
1.08
.016
.018
.·.054
.. 060
· 1.03
1.09
.016 .053.
.018 . .059
. 1 .12
1.19
.02
.02
.066
.074
1 .41
1.50.
.031
. 035
.115
.128 .

El:I· -·
..
180 . 1.15 .021 .· .067 1.15 .: .021 .066 1.26 >.02 .082 1.58 .039 .. 142
190. '1.21 .023 .074 1.22 .023 .073. 1.33 .03 .091 1.67 .043 .157

-Z:.)
200 1.28 .025. .082 1.28 ' .026 .080 1.41 ·.o3 .099 1.76 .048 .172
"'i 220 . 1.40 .031 .098 1 .41 .031 .095 1.55- .04 .118 1.94 .058 .205
240 1.53 .. 037 .115. 1.54 .037 .111 1.69 .04 ' ;139 2.11 .069 .241

260 1.66 .043 .134 1.67 .043 .128 1.83 .05 ;161 2.29 . ·.081 .279
.. 280 1.79 .050 .154 1.80 .050 .147 1.97 .· .06 .184 2.46 .094 .320
300 . 1.91 .. 057 .175 1.92 .058 .167 2.11 .07 .209 2.64 .108 .350
' 350 . 2.23 .077 .235 2.24 .089 ~222 2.46 .09 .278 3.08 .1·47 .467
400 2.55 .101 -:303 2.57 .. 102 .284 2.81 .12 .343 3.52 .192 .601

i;
450 ·2.87 .. 128 .380 .2.89 .129 .341 3.16 .15 .428 3.96 .243 .750
500 ' 3.19 .158 . .465 ._3.21 .160 ;416 3.51 .19 .522 . 4.40 .301 .916
550 3.51 .191 .559 3.53 . · .193 3.86 .23 .625 4.84 .364 1.10
3.83 . .228 -~1 . 5.28
600. .661 3.85 .. 230 . 6 4.22 .28 .736 .433 1.30
:..:; 650 4.15 .267 .nz 4.17 .271 .682 4.57 .32 .857 5.72 .508 1.51

-1
:;
700 4.47 .310 .891 4.49 .313 ,785·. I.· 4.92 .38 .986 6.16 .589 1.74
750 4.79 . 356 -· 1.02 4.81 .360. ;595 • 5.27 .. 43 . 1.13 6.60 .676 1.98
800 5.11 .405 1.16 5.13 .409 · 1.01 5.62 . 49 1.27. 7.04 . .769 2.24
. 850 5.42 .457 . 1.30 5.45 .462 1.14 ·. 5.97 .55 1.43 7.48 .869 2.52
900 5.74 .513 1.45 5.77 .518 1.27 6.32 .62 1.59 . 7.92 .974 2.s1 ·
 ••
_ __I l 1~9ersoH·ltl'esser Pumps :. '. Cameron Hydraulic Datl!
. .

Friction of Water•· Asphalt~dipped Cast Iron and New Steel Pipe ·

(Bas~d on Darc_y's Formula) · _(Continued) . · ·
._ .10 Inch · · ··
.. · .

Asphalt-dipped .Std wt steel

east iron .sch 40
- Schedule 80 steel Schedule 160-steel

. _10.0" inside dia 10.020" inside dia 9~562" inside dia 8.500" inside dia
Flow
I
.
us
gai_.·
ve:- Ve- Head Ve-. · Ve- Head .ve- •. Ve-
· tocity
Head
·.loss
Ve- Ve- . Head
··1ociiy · 16city loss tocity. lodty loss... .toC:ity tocity locity . loss
pe( tt per head· ft per_ ft per head ft per f_t per head _ft per : · ftper head ft per
min sec .· . JI ·. 100 ff sec ft ··.· "1,00 ft sec It .. _100 ft sec ft .100 ft;

.--· 180 I.: .74 .008 :

.023 . ···-
·-
.73 .: .006 ;022 <804 · .010 .027 -. 1.02 .. 016 ;048
: 200 .82 ;010 .028:. :81 .010 .026. .. ~894 .012 .: .•• 033 1.13 .020 . .059
220 .90 ·. ,013 .. 032 ... 90 .· .013 .031 .963 •· .015 . .039 1.24 .. 024 . .070
. 240. .96 .015 .038 . ···.9a-···_ .015 .037" i .0.7 .018 ·~046 . ;1.36- .029 . ;082.
- 260. .· 1.06· .018 ·.044 1.06 · .· .017 . · . 042 . 1.16 .021 ·-.053 . ·.1.47 .034 _.094
.. 1.58:
280 1.14 .020 -~051 1.14 .020 .049. 1.25. .024 .061 .039 .108
300·· . 1.23 .023 .. 057. 1;22 ;023 .055. •"
1;34 .028 .069 .· .r .1.70 . .045 .. .123
. 350 . 1.43 . 032··. .077 1.42" .032 I ~073 1.56 "• .038 ~092 1.98 .061 .163
400 .1.63 .042 .. 099 1.63 .041 .093. 1.79 .050 .117 . ·2.26 .079 ·.208
450 ·._.1.84 ·-.053 .123. 1.83 .052 .• 116 2.01 .063 "• .. 145 -. 2.54 .100 .259

500 ·-2.04 .065 .150 2.03. ;064 . 140 2.34 .077. .·.• 177 2.83 .124 .. 304 .
550 2.25_ . . .07_9 ~180 2.24 :01a .167 2.46 .. .094 .211. 3.11 .150 .364
600 2.45 .093. ;213 2.44 .093 j97 . 2.68 .112 .. 239 . 3.39 ._179 .428
650 2.66 .110 · .r ;248. 2.64_ .109 . 228 . 2.90 .131 · . . 217 - 3.68 .210 .. .498
.
700 2:86 .· .127 .286. 2.85 .. 126 . ~25.3 .. . ·. 3.13. . 152. .319 3,95 ·.243: ;573 .

BOO 3.27 .166 .370 3.25 .165 .325 3.57 ;198 .410 •"
4.52 .318. 7.38
900
1000
3.68
4.09
.. 210
~259 ·.
A64
;569
3.66
-. 4.07
.208
..257.
.405:
,494_-.
4.02
4.47
.251
.310
.512
.625
. . 5.09
·. 5.65
"• .402
.496.
9.23
1;13
1100 .: .. 4.49 .314 . .685 4.48 .311 .592, 4.92 .375. .749 6.22 .600 .: 1.35
1200~ -4·:90 '."" -.·373-·
. . ·--.8·1-l ··- .:_4;88 ·- ,370 - -.699-.-. ·---.5.36-- ·-· A46-- ...:;884- ··--· 6.7.9- - .71A - c1.60.
I c
.1300 . 5.31 . .438 ,947 5.29 •.435 .· .814 5:81 .524 1.03 c 7.35 .839 1.86
1400 5.72 .508·. 1.09 5 -. 70 .504" .938 6:26 ,607 1.19 .. 7.92 .972 . _2.15.
 ,.,
t> ·. . ..

f
.Friction

-~c:\.~ .
'
., .

·I
~I ..
Friction of Water
- ·~·

Asphalt-dipped
(Based on Darcy's F.orm ula]
. .
12 Inch
Ca'; t Iron and New Steel Pipe

(Continued)
9\ I
Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
Std wt steel
sch 40 .Sd edule 80 steel Schedule 160 steel

12.0" inside dia 11.938" inside dia 11. !fl4" inside dia

E(
'~:··;
I 10.126" inside dia
Flow
us Ve- . Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head
I gal lo city locity loes locity lo city ·loaa locity locity loss locity locity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft.per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft . sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
f 200 .57 .005 ;011 :.57 .005 .011 .632 .006 .014 .797 .010 .025
'.\

·IJ
250 ,' ,71 .008 ~017 . .72 .008 .017 .789 .010 .021 .996 .015 .038
9\' 300 ;85 .011 .024 .86 .012 .024. .947 .014 .030 1.20 .022 .052

:i
350 .99 .015 .031 1.00 .016 .031 1.11 .019 .039 1.39 .030 .069
400 1.13 .020 .• 040 1.15 .020 .040 .1.26 .025 .050 1.59 .039 .088
450 1.28 .025 ;o49 1.29. .026 . • 049. 1.42 . .031 .062 1.79 .050 ;110
· i.ss
\ .060 . 1.43

,;:
500 1.42 .031 .032 .• 060 .039 . 076 1.99 . .062 .133
550 .1.56 .038 .072 1.58. .039 .071 1.74 .047 .090 2.19 .075 .159
600 1.70 .045 .085 ' 1.72 .046 .083 1.90 .056 .106 2.39 .089 .187
700 1.99 . 061 .114 2.01 .063 . .111 2.21 .076 .140 ·2.79 .121 .240
"

:·• .I;\·
800 2.27 .080 .147 2.29 .082, ;142 2.53 .099 .180 . 3:19 .158 .308
900 2.55 .101 .184 2.58 .103 .176 2.84 .125 .216 3.59 .200 .384
1000 2.84 .125 .225 2.87 .128 .207 3.16 .155 .263 . 3.98 .246 .469

:i,_
i 1100 3.12 .151 .271 3.15 .154 .247 3.47• . 187 .315 4.38 .298 -, .562
1200 3.40 .180 .320 3.44 .184 .291 3.79 .223 .371 4.78 ;355 .663

1300 3.69 .211 ,374 3.73 .216 ·.339

4.11 .262 .432 5.18 .416 .772
1400 3.97 .245 .431 4.01 .250 .390
'4,42 .303 .497· 5.58 .483 .889
1500. 4.26 .281 .493 ' 4.30 ;281 .444
·4.73 .348.
l
J
1600 4.54 ·.320 .558 4.59 .327 . • 502
5.05 .396
. .566
.• 640
5.98
6.37
:554
,631
1.02
1.15
'1800 . 5.11. .405 .702 5.16 .414 ·S.68
.629 .501 .• 802 7.17 .. 798 1.44

:.
-:soo · · · ------ -- -· ··- , .... -- ·- - ·-- - . '
.. - 2000~ -~57- --.8'62: - --5:--1~r · · -:-511- - :-169-··. 6.32
, .....

.. 619 .981 7.97 .985 1.76

2200 6.24 .605 1.04 6.31 .618 (.92~ 6.95. .749 1.18 8.77 1.19 2.12
2400 6.81 .720 :l.23 6.88 .735 1,3.!~ 7.58 .891 1.39 9.56 1.42 2.51
. 7.38. 1.67.
·.1 ). lngersoll·Dft!sser Pllmps · Caill.eronHydraulicData-
. Friction of Water (Con tin Lied) ·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) . . · .
. . Asphalt-dipped cast iron. and new steel pipe
": .. .... .. ..

14 Inch · 15 loch

Asphalt-dipped New·steel 'Asphatt-dipped New steel

cast iron schedule40 '
·cast iron schedule 40

14.0" inside dia 13.124" inside dla 16.0" inside dia 15.000" inside dia ..
Flow r-----.-,.......,--,-...---,.....-+--...,..,.,...----.---,---11 Flow
us Ve- Ve~ . Head ·. Ve- · Ve- Head . u s Ve~ Ve~.·. He~d ·Ve-: Ve- Head.
gal locity loCity· loss locity locity loss gal · locity locity loss lociity locity .loss·
per ft per · head ft per ft per head ft per per ft per.' head ftper . ft per head ft per
min . sec ft· .. ·.·
',
.100 ft sec,. ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft sec . f( : 100 ft
.' .
300. .625 .006 •, ;011 ·.· .712. .008' -. ~015 500' .798 · .. oio Jl1'; .908 '• .013 ;020
400:' .834 .011 .019' ' ;949 .014 :.025 600 .957 .014 .020 ·1.09 .018 .027
500 .··1~04 . 017· '• .028' 1.19' .022 .038 700. 1.12. ~019 .027' 1.27 •. :025 ;036 ..
600. 1.25 .024 .039 1.42 ·.031 .052 800 1;28 .. 025. ~035' · 1.45 .033 ~· .046 · ..•
700 1.46 . 033' . 053 •' 1 .. 66 .043 :010 900 1.44' .032 ~043 ·. 1.63 ;041 ·.o5& . .
'•'

800 1;67 .043 .068 1.90 .056 ,;089 1000 1.60' .040 .053' · ·.1.82 .051 .070
900 1.88 .055 .085. 2.14 .071 '.111 ' 1200 '1.92 .057 '.0.75' 2.18 .074 .098
1000 2.08 .067 .103 2.37 .087 .1'34 ,' • 1400 '2.23 .077 .100 2.54 .100 .130
1106 2.29 .082 .124 .2.61, .106 .160 1600 2;55 .101 . . 130 '2,91 .131, .161'
1200 2;50 . 097 ;147 2.85 .126 ~182 · 1500 2.87 . .128 ' ,162 :t27 .16$ .201
. '

jgg
1300 2:71 :114 '.171 .3.08 .148 ;212 2000 3.19 .158 3.63 '.205 .245'·.··
1400 2.92- -.132. .. 197.' 3,32 · .. 171 .243 . · .•2500 ·, 3.99·· .247 .306 '4.54 .320 .374' .
1500 3.13 .152 .225' 3.56 .196 .277· . ·•3000 4.79 .356'', .. 436 5.45 .460 .530
1600 3.34 .173 '.255 3.80 .~223 .313 3500 5.59 .484 .589 6.35 .627 .71.2
.: 1700 . 3.5~ .195
. • 286
'
4.03 .2s2· . .351 4000 5;35 .632 .764 7.2~ . :819 ;920 .' ·
"

~:g:.
'

'.283 .. 391 .· '' 4500 .962. "

. . 1800 '3.75 .218 '.320 4.27 7.18 .800 8.17 1.15
, _4.51
''

1900 .. 3.96 .243 .. 355 ;315 A34 .: .5000' ·.?.98 :988 1.18 9.08 1.42.
2000 ' 4.17 ,210 .392 4.74 .349 '• • ;478' 6000 9.57' 1.42 1;&9 10.89 .1:84 I 2.01
2500 5.21.· .421 ., .605 5.93, .546 ~732, ' ,7000 11.17 ,' L94 2.29 i2.71 2.51 2.72
3,()00 6.25 .607 .864 ., 7.12 ~786 1.0~ '8000 12.77 2.53 2.98 14.52 3.27 3.53
•, -. " '

3500 · 7;30 .826 1.17' 8.30 '1.07 1~40 ,·' 9000 14.36 3.20 3.77 16.34 '4.14 ·4.44.
.,,
···,·
:>.}
Friction

,. t.
,I·
' '
Frictio.n of Water (Con1inued)
(Based on Darcy's Form la) . ·
Asphalt-dipped cast iron arid new steel pipe
''
·

.. .
.'\ 18 Inch 20 Inch
:

Asphalt-dipped New steel ·Asphalt-dipped New steel

cast iron schedule 40 cast iron schedule 40

18.0" inside dia 16.876" inside dia ~0.0" inside dia 18.812" inside dia
Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head us Vt - Ve- Head Ve- " Ve- Head
gal locity locity loss locity locity loss gal lo~ity. locity loss locity lo city ·loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head· ft per . per ft er head ft per ft per ·head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft min s Ic ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
I
500 .630 .006 .008 .717 .008 .011 800 .010 .012 .923 .013 .015
600 .756 .009 .012 .861 .011 .015 1000 .8r
1.' 2 .016 .0.17 ' 1.15 .021 .023
700 '.883 .012 .016 1.00 :016 .020 1200 1. 3 .023 '.025 1.39 .. 030 .032
800 1.01 .016 .019 1.15 .020 .026 1400 .032 .033 1.62 .041 .. 043
·' 900 1.14 .020 ·.024 1.29 .032 ' 1600 1~;~
1. 3 .041 .042 1.85 .053 .055
. .026
1000 1.26 .025 .029 1.43 .032 .039 1800 1.~4 .052 .053 2.08.· ·.067 .068
1200
' 1400
1600
1800
1.51
1.77
2.02
2.27
.036
,048
.063
.080
.041
.056
~072
.090
1.72'
2.08
2.96
2.58
.046

.082
.103
.055
.063 .· .073
·.093
.116
2000
2400
2800
'• 3200
2r
2. 5.
2. 6
3. 7
'.065
.093
.127
.166
.065
.091
.123
.159
2.31
2.77
3.23'
3.69
.083
.119
.162
.212
.083
.112
.150
.193
2000'' 2.52 .099 .110 2.87 .. 128 .137 · 3600 3. SB .210 .199 4.16 .268 .241
2500 3.15 .154 .• 168 3.59 .200 ~208 4000 4. pg .259 .245 4.62 .33i .295
3000 3.78 '. .222· ;239 4:30 .287 .294 . . 5000 -5, ~o .405 .377 5.77. .517 .452
3500 4.41 .302 .323 5.02 .391 .394 ·. 6000 6.~3 .583 .539 6.93 .744 .641.'.
4000 5.04 .395 .418 5.74 .511. .508 7000 7.i5 .793 .728 8.08 1.01 .862
4500 5.67 .500 ;525 6.46 .647 .637 8000 1.04 .946 9.23 1.32 1.12
5000 6.30 .617 .647 7.17 .798 .. 780 9000 8J7
9. 9 1.31 1.19 10.4 1.68 1.40
6000 7.57. .888 . 924 8.61 1.15 1.11 10,000 .1 .2' 1.62 1.47 11.5 2.07 1.72 •
7000 8.83 1.21 1.25 10.0 1.57 '1.49 12.000 1: .3. 2.33 2:10 13.9 2.98 2.45
' 8000 10.1 1.58 1.63 11.5 2.04 1.94 .14,000 1• .3 3.17 2.85 16.2 4.05 3.32

9000 11;3 2.00 2.05 12.9' 2.59 15,000 1 .3 ,3.64 3.27 17.3 4.65 3.79
10,000 .12.6 2.47 2.52 1.4.3 ·3.19 16.000 11 .3 4.14'' '3.71 18.5 5.29 4.31
 •.,., ,

I)-lngersoll·DRsser Pulnps... Cameron Hydraulic Data

,.,. ,.
JI'-
I~)

·liira'
.j
Friction of Water (Continued) ' ·1.~
. . (Base(i on Darcy's Formula) •. . .·
Asphalt;.dipped cast iron and new
. . . steel pipe .

·..)
. . . ·. . . . . . . '

24 Inch 30 Inch

-Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
New steel
• schedule 40·
·Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
New steel
schedule-30
ee:
24.0" inside dia · . · : 22.624;, iriside.dia 30.0" inside dra 28.750"'inside dra
' '
Flow
'
Flow.
.•
'

us ·Ve~ Ve-.· Head . . Ve- Ve" · Head :US .: ve-. Ve- Head Ve-. Ve- Head
gal
per "
lo city
tt. per
iocity
head.
·loss . lo city
ft per ft per
iocity loss
head ft per
gal
per.
lo city
ft per
locity Joss·
head. ft per.
IOcity
ft per
locity . loss
head ft per
'.1C··
~ ·.·'
tf#i
.. }:
·.min · :Sl!!C ' ft' 100 .ft sec ' .ft .100 fi min sec ; ft 100 ft sec ft' .·· ten ft ·•·

, IC
·.
• 800 .56,7 ', ';()05 ;005 :638 .006 ;Q06 ' 1000 '454 .003 .002 .494 .004 ;003

t•-~cl
1000 .709 .008 · .007 .798 .010 .·.009 1200 :545 . .005' .003 ',593 .005 .004
1200 .851 .on .010 .958 ',014 ;Of3 .... 1400 ;535 .006 .005 .692 .0()7 '.005' .~: '

1400 .993 '.<015 .013' 1.12 ;019. ;017 1600 ' .726 ·.008 ··•.006 .. 791 .010 . . 007 .··~
i
'

.025 .022, ·. 1800 .817 ~Q1(). .007 .' .890 ;012 . .009
A. .·. , ',

1600 1.14 .020· .017 1.28

f '.·· .
'•

" ·.· .
1800 ' 1.28 .025' ;021 1.44 .032 • 028·· · '2000 .;908 .013 .009 '_;988' .0.15 .010 i
2000 1.42'' .031
2400. 1';70' .045'
.026 ·1.60
.037 1.92
. ~040 .034,•
.057 - .047'
2400 1:09 ·. .o18
2800 ,' 1.27 .. 025·
.012
.016
l.19 .;
' 1.38 :g~~ '• :.015
.019
2800 ·.1.99 ' .061 .049' '. 2.24 .078' .063 .3200 1.45 .033' .021 1.58 ·". 039 ,;025
3200 2.27., :000 · .063 2 .. 55 .101 .080
'
3600 .1.63 . 04.t·' .026; 1.78 .• .049 .031
: ·t.~·. · ·· _._'.·
.35'00· 2.55 .t01 .019 2.87 " :128' ·.096 -: -. 4000 ·1.02 ;051, . . · .032 l.98 .061 .037 . t:~ .·.•...
·~
;I

.158 .· .118: ·, 5000 ··2.21> 2.47·

.•. '.:
4000 2:84 ·:125'' .097 3.19 .080' .048 ,095 .057
,· .5000 .3.55 .. 195 •, .. 149 3.99 .247' . • 179 60·00 2.72 .115. ' .069 '2.97 .136 .077 .)
6000· 4.26 •, .281 : '.212 . • 4:79 .356, .254 7000 3.18 .092' 3.46 .186 ".103 ,,

~- ·e,·
~·
7,000 4.9& .. 383 j97 5.59 ' .484 · . :.341 8000 3.63 .205' '· .119 ,· 3.95'
;157 .243'. .133 '' ' .\.
c.

i
" "

l··c· )-
8000· 5.67 .500 ~372 .;633 .. 440 9000 4.09" .259 ·. .150 '4.45 .307. .166
9000 6.38' .632 ' .468,. '.801 .552 10;000 4.54 .320 .184 '4:94 ~379' .203 ,',•
10,000 7.09 .rar .575'• .989 I • 67&; '12,000 5.45.' ' A60 · .. 263 . 5:93' .546' .287'
.627 .: .355'
'

12,000 8.51 1.12 .823 l.42 ~!IUZ'" 14,000 .6.35 6.92 ;743 '.386 . ''i
14,000 9.93 1.53 1.11 11.2 .1 -.94 '• .1.30 ·. 16.000 ,7.26 ' ' ~819 .461 '· 7.91 .970 .500
"

16,000 :11.3 2.00 ' 1.45 '12.8 2,53 '· :1;68 18,000 8.17 .•. 1.04 .. 581 8.90 1:23 .627
.'•·.
..)
. .
-- - --
.i">,
-
.
.Friction
;~·

I .
,, )

Friction of Water(Con~;nuedJ
c:.· Asphalt~dipp~d
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
cast iron and m ~w steel pipe

•:ft.:-:·! 36 Inch. . . 42 Inch

c··
Aspnan-cfppec New steel 42.0" inside dia

.,\
cast iron schedule 40
-, i Cast
36.0" inside dia 34.500" inside dia iron
Flow Fow asphalt New
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve· Head 4s Ve- Ve- dipped steel

C'
m
gal locity locity loss lo city locity loss lo city locity
. per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
~al
er ft per head Head loss
.i"' min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft ii'in sec ft . ft/100 ft

it> 1400
1600
.441
.504
.003
.004
.002
.002
.480
.549 ..
.004
.005
.002
.. 003
~000
000
.463
.695
.003
.007
.002
.004
.002
.003
1800 .567 . 005 .003 .618 .006 . . 004 . ~000 .926 .013 .006 .006
2000 .. 630 .006 .004 .686 ~007 .. 004 !5000 1.16 .021 .009 .009

E'., : sooo
2400 .756 .009 .005 .824 .011 .006 1.39 .030 .013 .012

·.883 .012.
II) .
2800 .007 .961 .014 .008 7000 1.62 .041 .017 .017
-. 3200

:1.)
1.01 .016 .008 1.10 .019 ~010 ·BOOO 1.85. .053 .• 022 .021
3600. 1.14 .020 .010 1.24 .024 .013 9000 2.08. .067 .027 .026
•.
4000 1.26 .. 025 .. 013 .1.37 .029 . .()15 1 ),000. 2.32 .083 .034 .032
5000 1.58 ·.. 039 .019 '1.72 . 046 ·.023 1 ,000 . 2.55 .101 .040 .037

6000 1.89 .056 .027 2.06 .066 .033 12.000 2.78 .120 .048 .043
. 7000 2.21 .076 .037 2.40 .090 .. .043 '14.ooo '3.24 .163 . 064 .058 .
8000 2.52 .099 .048 2.75 .. 117 .054 11p,000. 3.71 .213 .083 ·.015
~; 9000
10,000
2.84
.3.15
.125.
.154
;o&o
.073
3.09
3.43
.148
.183
.067
.082
1 s.ooo
2P,OOO
. 4.17
4.63
.270
·.333
.. 104
.128
.094
.114

=:-) 12,000
14,000
16,000
3.78
4.41
5.04
.222
·.302
.395
.104
.140
. 182
4.12
4.81
5.49
.. 263
.358
.468
.115
.155
.200 .
zs.ooo
30,000
3~.000
5.79
6.95
·5.11
.520
.749
1.02
.198
.282
.382
.175
.249
.335

c;
18.000 5.6( .500· .228 61.18 .592 .250 4P.OOO 9.26 1.33 .497· .434
20,000 6.30 . 617 .• 281 6.86 . 731 .. 307 4),000 . 10.4 1.69 .626 . .545
-
25,000 .962 a.se 1.14 .471 5,),000 11.6 2.08 .771 .669
 Friction of Water (Continued)
. . .. . (Based ol"I Darcy's Formula) ·... · . .
Asphalt-dipped cast iron and new steel pipe
481nch · 54 Inch

·.
48.0" inside dia 54.0" inside dia

Cast . .Cast
iron . iron .
Flow asphalt New • Flow asphalt -. · . · New .
us . . : . dipped. • . steel · .us.·· dipped steel
Velocity ·1-' ...__ __ .-.1
Velocity
gal . Velocity gal.·. . Velocity .
per ft per · head · head loss · · . . Per. ··. ft per head
•.min sec . It ft/100 ft .·min .sec . ft .: ···•· hud.
ftper l100
oss tt.

2000 .355 .: .002 . · .001 .00~ . 10.000 1.40 · .. 030 . . 010 . ;009
<3000 . 532 .004 ·.·. ;002. <002 ·12.000 . 1.68 ... . ;044 . .013. . .013.
aooc :109 . .,
'.008·· . 003 .• 003 .·.14.000 . . 1.96 :.060 · .: .018 . . .017
5000. .881 .012 .005 .. 005 .16.000 .2.24 .. 078. ~023 I .022
6000 -. 1.06 . .018 .007 . • . 006.. .. 18,000 '. 2.52 .099 . ;029. .027•
•· ..
. 7000 . 1.24 ·:o24 ;009 . . 009 20,000; .·•. 2.80 .122 .. 036 ;033
8000. 1.42 .031 .011 . 010 22.000 3.08 ;147 . .043 .. 039 '. · .
. 9000 . 1.60 .040 ;014 .014 .. 24.000 3.36 . .175 •. 051 .• 047 .
. .
10,000 .: 1.77 ·.·. .049 ;017 ;017. 26,000 . . 3.64.··· •' .... 206. .• .: 059 .·• .• 054
.... 12.000. ·.·• 2;.13 . · . Q70 .024 . 0.23 -20.000··· .3 -. 92 .. .. .239. .. Q69. . . ;062
··. . . ..
14.000 . .·· 2.48 .096 • 033. . ·<031 30,000 . 4.20 . .. 274 '. ,079 .: .·· .071 · .
16.000 2.84 • ,125 .042· . ... 039 35.000. 4.90 .373 .. 106 ., . •• 096 .. ·
18.000 . · . 3.19 . . .158 .• 053 .· .048.'· . 40,ooo:. 5.60 ··. .487 ..137 .123
20.000 3.55 . .195 · .0&5·· · -.' .. 05( ·.45.000 ·.·.·. 6.30 .617 . .173 .154
25;000 4.43 ;304 <100 ''.092 50.000 .1:00 .. 761 . .•.. 213 . . ..• 189 ·.
...

30,000 5.32· . ,439 ~143 .130 ••.··•·.eo.ooci · 8.41 1.10 . .. 304 .. '. ;:267
35:000< .6.21 .· .598. . 193 .175 .: -70.ciOO 9.81 '1.49 . .412 .360
. 40.000 . 7.09 . 779 .251 . .225 •:80.000 11 ;2 1.95 <;536.. .465
45.000 . 7.98 .. 9~7 .. 316 .219· . 90.000 12.6 . 2.47 . · , ·.676 ., .. 584 .
50.000 8.87 -. J.22 :.389 .340 '100,000 14.0 3.05 .· ... 833 .7.17.

55.000. . .: 9.75 1.47. • 469' ·. :406 . 110,000 . 15.4 3.69 J.0.1. . ;862
 .),,.) '' .

.,C'
c:,
I

Friction
'

Friction of Water ··New Steel I ~ipe (Continued)

•.,r. . '
·.(Based on Darcy's Fori nu la)
. '

-, 60 Inch 72 Inch 84 Inch.

·:·
) Nominal size Nominal siz~ · Nominal size

·1··
60.0" inside dia 72" inside d a 84.0" inside dia
Flow

C:~
Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head
gal lo city lo city loss gal lo city lo city loss gal locity lo city loss
per ft per head ft per per ft per head ft per per ft per head ft per

c
ti,· min

14,000
sec

1.59
ft

.039
.
100 ft

.010
min sec

' 1 .42
ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft
.I '1 18,000 .031 .007 24,000 1.39 .030 .005
,. 16,000 1.82 .051 .013 ·20.000 1.58 ' .039 .008 26,000 1.5l .035 .006

E
') 18,000 2.04 .065 . 017 22,000 . 1.73 . .047 .010 28,000 1.62 .041 .007
20,000 2.27
a.I.'
.080 .020 24,000 1 .89 .056 .012 30,000 1.74 .047 .008

t
22.000 2.50 .097 .023 26,000 2.05 .065 .013 35,000 2.03 .064 .011
.' 24,000 2.72 .115 ~027 '28,000 2.21 :016 .015 40.000 2.32 ·.083 .014
· ~. 26.000 2;95 .135 .032 '30,000 2.36 .087 .018 '.45,000 2.61 .105 .017
.'.J 28,000 3.18 .157 .037 35,000 2.76 .118 .023 50.000 2.90 .130 .021
'\ 30,000 3.40 .180 .042 40,000 3.15 .154 .029 55.000 3.18 .157 .025
35,000
·'{' 3.97 .245
'
.056 45,000 • 3.55 .195 .03~ 60,000 3.47 ' .187 .029

i{ ·I
.I
40.000
45,000
·50,000
' 60,000
70,000
4.54
5.11
'5.67
' 6.81
.320
.405
.500
.719
.. 072
'.091
.111
;,157
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000 .:
.3.94
4.73
5.52
6.30
.241
.347
.472
.617
'.045
.063
.085
.110
70,000
80,000
90,000
.100,000
4.05
4.63
5.21
5.79
.255
.333
.421
.520
.039
.051
.. 063
.078
7.94 .979 '.212 90,000 7.09 .781 .137. 110,000 6.37 .629 .093 I

•••
i~,
80,000 9.08 1.28 . . 274 100,000' ' 7.88 .964 120,000 .S.95· .749 .110
90,000 10.2 · 1.62 I .168
.345 110,000 8.67 1.17 .203 130,000 7.53 .879 .129
100,000 11.3 2:00 .423 120,000 9.46 1.39 .240 .140,000 ' 8.11 1.02 .149
110,000 .12.5 2.42 .509 130,000 10.2 1.63 .280 150,000 8.64 1.17 .170
.120,000 13.6 2.88 .603 140,000 11.0 1.89' .323. 160.000 9.26 1.33 .192

~: 130,000 . 14.8 3.38 .705 150,000 11.8 2.17 .370 170,000 9.84 1.50 .216

:;
140,000 15.9 3.92 .815 . 160,000 12.6 2.47 .419 180.000 10.4 1.69 .242
150,000 17.0 4.50 .933 170,000 13.4 7.89 .472 190,000 11.0 1.88 ;269
160,000 18.2 5.12 1~06 180.000 14.2 3.12. .• 528 200,000 11.6 2.08 .297
I
. 170,000 19.3 5.78 1.19 190,000 15.0 3.48 .587 25Q,000 14.5 3.25 .459
I;) Ingersoll-Dresser Pu..,ps - ····-- _,..·._.,
..
'-'·
-
-·-- ·.
---· -·----· -··,.-·--· -,-.: ----·-··---':--.--·
Cameron Hydraulic Data ·
__

Friction of Water · New Steel Pipe (Continued) .

. ., .
(Based on Darcf s Formula) · ·
96 In.ch.· · 10s Inch. 12Dlnch

·Nominal size. Nominal. size Nominal size

96.0" inside dia 108.0" inside dia 120.0" inside dia

Flow· Flow Flow· .
ve-. us ve-
'.

US·· Ve~ Head us Ve- Ve" Head Ve- :Head

gal · locitY : locity · Jess.: gal .to city locity loss gal locity locity .tess
per · , ft-per head ft .per per · .ttper head ft per per : ft.per head .ft per .:
min ·.· ·sec · ft . 100 ft. min· - se~ · ft 100_~· · min ·sec . ft: .. 100 ft
.
12,000. .532 ; . 004- .001 15,000 .525 .004 ~001 ..· . 20,000 ;557 . :005 .• 001·
14,000 . ·.621. .006 .001 . 20,000 .700 :000 .001 30,000 .851 .011 < .·· .001
. '. 16,000 ;709 .. 008 ., ;001 .· 25,000 .876 :012 ·.002•• .. 40,000 U4 -, 020 ';002
. 18,000 .798 .010 ~002 ·. 30,000 , LOS · .. 017. ~ .002 . 50,000 1.42• .031. ·.· '.004
20,000 .887 · .·.012 · ;002 I .. 35,090 1.23 . . 023 · ... 003 60,000 .·_.1:10 .045 .005
:. .

1 Ao
..
.··· -. · 22,000 . ;975. '.015 .002 . 40,000 .oso .oo4 70;000 1.99 . .os: .007 .:
. 24,000 1.06 -. ·.o_ia· ...• 003 . 45:000 1.58 .. 039 '. .005 ·. ·, 80;000 2.27 .080 .009.·.
26,000 1.15 .021 .. 003 ·. 50,000 1.7.5 •. . .048 .· ·.006 90,000 2;55 .101 . . 011:
28,000 .1.24 :024 .'. <004 .: 60,000. . 2.10 . .069 ·. ;009 :. 100,00(l '. 2.84 .125_· . .013
30.0~0. ·1.33_ ~027. .Oo4 .· .: 70.000 . 2.45 .093 .T ;011 110,000 3.12 . .151 .016

40;000
50,000
'1.77:
'. 2.22
~049 '. ;007 '..
.076·· .:-, 011 . ·•· 2:80 •
3.15 · -~g:ggg .122.
.154
.015 .
.01a .
1.20,000
130,000
3.40
3,59
.1.80
.211
;019
·.022
. 60.000. 2.66·. .110 .015. 100.000 3.50 .190 .022 . 140;000 .: 3.97 '. .. 245 .025
70,000 3.10 J 49 v . .o~o · 110;000 3.85 .230 .• 027·. '. 150,000 . 4.26 .281 .028 ·
... ; 80,000 3.5? .. 195 :_ .026 . .120.000 :4;20 .274 . •031 ·: 160,000 .· 4.54 .· .320- \032

so.ooo 3.99 .247.· '. .Q33 130.000 4.55. .324_ .· .. 037. . 170.000 '4.83 .361 · ·.036. -~·
100.000 .' 4.43 .305 .040 140,000 . . 4.90 .. 373. . :042 . . 180,000 . 5.11 .405 ·-;040 .•
11 o.ooo . 4.88 . ;359 .. ~048 150,000 s.25·.· .428 :;048. , 190,000 5.39 .451 .045
izo.oco . 5.32 . .439 · ;05&;. • 160,000 .5'.60' .487 .054· 200.000 . 5.67 .500 .049 .
_ 130._000 .· 5.76 . .515 -: .066 170,000 5.95 . •,5_50 .061 250,000 7.09 .78i .076
. '.

140,000 6:21 ,595, . '. .076 180,000 .· . 6.30 . .617, .068 . 300,000 8.51 1.12 .· .. 108 -.
· rso.ooo . 6.65 .686 . .. 087 190.000 6.65 · .. 667 .076 350,000 9.93 1.53 .145
160,000 .7.09. .781 ·-.098 200,000 • 7 .00 .761 .o84 · · 400.000 -11.3 2.00 ·.188
170,000 7.54 .' .861 .110 250.000 . 8.76 1:19 ;129 ·. · 450;ooo 12,5 2.53. .. 237
· 180.000 ; 7,95 :988. .123 300;000 .r · 10.5 . 1~ 71 ;183 . 500,000 14.2 •. 3.12 .291_.
 •.,, \

I
-·· ...
.
'
·-.

Friction
:··. .... j
. .. . .. .... ··'·'.-·'

•••
·-
Friction of Water New Steel Pipe (Continued)

r';'
. .....
(Based on Darcy's .For1 ~ula)
1441nch 168 Inch 192 Inch
Nominal· size Nominal si.i e Nominal size
.
144.0" inside dia 168.0" inside 1 ~ia 192.0" inside dia

::;
,.
Flow Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- He.ad us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head

{•:
gal locity locity loss gal lo city locity loss gal lo city locity loss
per ft per head ft per peF ft per head ft per per ft per head ft·per
min sec ft 100 It min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft

30,000 .591 .005 .001 50,000 .724 .008 .001 60,000 .665 .007 .001
40,000 .788 .010 .001 60,000 .868 .012 .001 . 80,000 .887 .012 .001

··)
50,000 .. 985 .015 .002 70,000 1.01 .016 .001 .o19 .001

IE
·, 100.000 1'11
60,000 1.18 :022 .002 80,000. 1.16 . 021 ~002 120.000 1.33 .027 . ·.002
70,000 1.38 ;030 .003 90,000 1.30 .026 .002. 140,000 1.55 .037 .003

i
) .:
80.000 1.58 . .039 ·.004 100,000 · 1.45 .osa .003 150,000 1.66 .043 . .003
90.000 . 1.77 .049 .005 . .120.000 1.74 .047 .004 .160,000 1.77 .049 .003
. '
) '. . . 100,000 1.97 · .oso .006 . 140.000 ·2.03 . 064 .005 180,000 2.00 .062 . .004
110,000 2:17 .073 .006 150.000 2.17 .073 .005 200,000 2.22 .076 .005
)· .: ·. 120,000 2.36 .087 .. 008 ·160.000 2.32 ~-.083. .. 006 220.000 2.44 .092 .006
,.
f·:;

:·'\
130.000 2.56 .102 .. 009 180,000 2.61 .105 .008 240,000 2.66 .110 .007
• 140,000 2.76 '118 .. 010 200,000. 2.90 .130 .009 250,000 2.77 .119 .007
150.000 2.96 .136. .011 . 220.000 3.18 .157 .011 260,000 2.88 .129 .008
160.000 3.15. .154 .• 013 .• 240.000 3.47 .187 .013 280.000 3.10 .149 .009
170.000
... ·
3.35 .174 ·.015 250,000 3.62 .203 ' .014 ·. 300.000 3.32 .172 .010
~f>. 180,000. 3.55. .195 .016 . 260,000 3.76 .220 ·.01s 350,000 3.88 ·.233 .014
190,000 3.74 .217 .018 .· 280,000 4.05 .255 .018. 400,000 4.43 .305 .018
4 • ,i 200.000 3.94 .241 .020 300,000 4.34 .293 .020 450,000 5.00 .386 .022
. I:
250.000 4.93 .316 .030 350,000 5.07 .398 .027. 500,000 ·5.54 .476 .027
4 ~ _·,
.' 300.000 5.91 .542 .043 400.000 5.79 .520 i
I .035 600,000 6.65 .686 .039
~ .o-J .

+·· 350,000 6.90 :138 .058 ·. 450,000 6.51 .658 .043 700,000 7.76 .934 .052 ..

:!
400,000 7.88 . 964 .075. 500,000 7.24 .813 .053 . 800,000 8.87 1.22 .068
.· 450,000 8.87 1.22 .094 600,000 . 8.68 1.17 .076 . 900,000 9.97 1.54 .085
. 500,000 9.85. 1.51 .116 700,000 10.1 1.59 .102 1,000,000 11.1 1.91 .104
600.000 11.8 2.17 • 165 800,000. 11.6 . 2.08 .133 . 1.200.000 13.3 2.74 .149
 ·. . . .

· 1 ) . Ingersoll-Dresser. Pumps . Cameron IJydraulic n·ata

·Friction Losses In SmoothTubing -~~d Pipe

Copper Tubing (Type K, L and M)-· S.P.S. Copper and BrassPipe, Plastic
and Glass Pipe.·.• . · . · · · . · . · . . . . . . ·. · · .· _··.· .· .
Smooth copper tubing and pipe,· brass pipe, plastic and glass pipe are
available in various sizes and, types to. meet individual requirements as
specified-sizes may be different than standard. To avoid the. necessity of
interpolation and applying correction factorsto.the.valuesfor .cast.iron.and.steel
pipe, a.special.set oftables,is.included.herewith on pages 3-34to 3-48 figured on
the basis -of commercially available copper tubing, and S;P .S. copper 'and brass
.·. pipe.: • . .· . . .. . . . · · .· . ... · .. · .·· · · · . . · .· ·
· - . · Thesetables are calculated usingthe Darcy-Weisbachequationisee page 3~3)
-. · • and basisanabsoluteroughness parameter of0.000005 (see page 3;5);since this
'roughness parameter applies to. very smoothpipeor tubing a· safety factor.
· should'. be applied in those 'easesto compensate-for possible. questionable ·
conditions; .as .discussed on page, 3~5 it is suggested that for mostcommercial .
design.piirposesa aafetyfactor of 15to 20%be addedto the headloss values in
the table's. . .. . . ... . . . · .. . . . .· . .
.Jf.shouid".pe nC>tedthatthe head loss datacanapplyto anyfluidhaving
a .kinematic viscosity'j. 7= 0.000 012.16 Jt2/sec (1.130 centistokes), which is.
the viscosity for' pure fresh water af606F.,Greater viscosities (colder Water)
will increase· the· friction; lower.viscosi ties (warmer water) will decrease the
friction. ·.•. · .· · . ·.• · · .. '· -. · · ·. · ·. ·. · · .. -, · · ' .· ·. · .. . · · · •· ·. . · ·.. · ·. · · •. · ·
. Friction Iossesfor tubing and pipe sizes betweenthose listed in the tables may ',
be determined with reasonable accuracy using a ratio of the fifth powers of the ..

dia!ll¢~eri~::~~~~fj~~ loss pFi~et·~ - knfoWwn, tfrlction loss. pipe A. ( ~:: ~ ) s

· · · ·. r1c ion o a er . .
 . . .
..

. .
... Friction
Friction of Water (Co r>tinued)
(Based on Darcy's Fori nu la)
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S.Coppe • and Brass Pipe
'
Y2 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type IA tubing "Pipe

Flow .527" inside dia .545" inside dia .569" i hside dia .625" inside dia Flow
- .049" wall thk .040" wall thk .028" wall thk .1075" wall thk -
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity lass· Velocity lass Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft flisec ft/100 ft ft/sec fi/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

I
1/2 0.74 0.88 0.69 0.75 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.40 1/2
1 1.47 2.87 1.38 2.45 1.26 2.00 1.04 1.28 . 1
11/2 2.20 5.n 2.06 . 4.93 1.90 . ·4.02 1.57 2.58 1h
2 2.94 9.52 . 2.75 8.11 2.53 6.61 2.09 4.24 2
2112 3.67 14.05 3.44 11.98 3.16 9.76 2.61 6,25 21/2
3 4.40 19.34 4.12 16:48 3.79 13.42 3.1.3 8.59 3
31/2 5.14 25.36 4.81 . 21.61 . 4.42 17.59 3.66 11.25 31/2
4 5.87· 32.09 5.50 27.33 5.05 22.25 4.18. 14.22 4
. 41/2 6.61 39.51 6.19 33.65 5.68 27.39. . 4.70 17.50 41/2
5 7.35 47.61 . 6.87 40.52 '6.31 32.99 5.22 21.07 5
6 8.81 65.79. 8.25 56.02 7.59 45.57 6.26 29.09 6
.7 10.3 86.57. 9.62 73;69 8.84 59.93 . 7.31 38.23 7
8 11.8 109.9 11.0 93.50 10.1 76.03 8.35 48.47 8
9 13.2 135.6 . 12.4. 115.4 11.4 . 93.82 ·9.40 59.79 9
10 14.7 163.8 13.8 139.4 12.6 113.3 10.4 72.16 10

5/e Inch
 '

. . . . .· •.·-••
e; •
I) lngersoll·DreSSer
______ __,. , ----.Pumps
,.. . . . . . _.,.---.. . .CameronHydraulic
,. . . . Data
. . ---.-· ·~r.,_,
.)
Friction
.
of Water.(ContinuedJ
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .·
~-·~-~
. (··
1

.. S. Copp~r and Brass Pipe fi1

~·•••~
Copper Tubing-*S.P
. ¥4 Inch· · C•)
Type K tubing·· Type L tubing Type M tubing ·. "Plpe

.......
Flow . 745" inside dia .785" inside dia .811·· inside dia .822" inside dia .Flow
.065" wall thk .· . · .045" wal.1 thk · .032" wall thk .114" wall thk

~=~ . ~=~ s
' fl!.,i,,'l
-·
),·

u s . t------.-----+--~....,...--.--......;...--+---"--"""T'"----+---'-----.------1 .u
Velocity . ~::: Velocity .· .. ~::: - · Velocity ~::: · Velocity ~::
min · ft/sec tt/100 ft .. ft/sec tt/100 ti ·.. ft/sec tt/100 ti •· ft/sec . ·. tt110o.·3o5tt m. i1n · _: •..

1 0. 74 0.56 i 0.66 0.44 0.62 0.38 . . 0.60 .

2 1.47 1.84 . L33. 1.44 1.24 · 1.23 1.21 . 1.16 2 •
. 3 2.21. . 3.73 t.99 . 2'.91 21 '.·4868. ' . 2;49 1.81 . . 2.34. 3 •.

~- . . ~::t ::~ ~ . ~:~1. {~~ . 3.10 ::~~ I6~ > . ~:;~ . ~- ,it .I .. )

6. 4A1. 12.57 3.98 9;80 3.72. '8.39 · 3.62 ' . 7.86 i 6 -~ .......

~rn rn ir rn
··,i_

t 1

:Hr ,~ ·~ .· tt:
7 5.14 16.51 4.64 12.86 .. 4.34 11,01 . ·. 4.23 10.32 7

J t~ j~: i?:tF
11 .
12 .
8.09
.8.83. .
. 36~83
43.01 .. •
i.29
7.95· '.·
· 2a:66 ..'
33~47 •.•
6.82
7A4
24.52
28.63;
.· 6.64
1;25
22.99
26.84 ..
11
12
* ·;;,·.
f,;: r ..
t, )

~rn n
13 ·.9_55·· ·. · '. 49.62. 8.61 38.61 . 8.06 ·· · 33.02 · ·. 7.85 . 3o:96. 13
14
15 :
10.3
. 11.0
56;66. ·.
64~11
. 9.27
9.94 · .
44.07
49;86 ::~~ :~::. 1~; t (
16 1.1.8 71.97 . 10.6 55.97 9.92 47.86. 9.65 44.86 16. -:. . :,

·. . . '. J'11
17 12.5 . 80.24 11.25 62.39 .10.55 . 53.35 . 10.25 . 50.00 17 .·~· ;
18 : -'. 13.2 88~92 11.92 69.13 1 U7 59.10 . · . 10;85 55.40 18 ;~ ·. &. .:
. . J1 .. ).
- - - - --- ,--- - - ~- - -- : -1-1m:h- ---.,.--- ~---- --- ·--~~--- - - - - -=-----;it -
·.,, )

Type K tubing Type L tubing . Type M tubing •Pipe ,i

•ifk
;
··· .,
••••
.f;
· ·-·-----
Friction
Friction of Water (Con~inued)

l::
(Based on Darcy'Ji Form1J'la) ·
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper clnd Brass Pipe
11/4 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M ubing ·Pipe
Flow 1.245" inside dia 1.265" inside dia 1.291" irn ide dia 1.368" inside dia Flow
.065" wall thk .055" wall thk .042" wall th k .146" wall thk

•
us us
gal Head Head.· Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss loss
e:·
Velocity per
min ftisec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft · ft/sec ft/100 tt min

~t' 5
6
1.31
1.58
0.79
1.09
1.28
1.53
0.74
1.01
1.22
1.47.
0.67 :
0.92
1.09
1.31
0.51
0.70
5
6
I~' 7 1.84 1.43 1.79 1.32 1.('1 1.20 1.53 0.91 7
8 2. 11 1.81 2.04 1.67 . 1.96 1.52 6

j'.
1.75 1.15
I •. ·• 9 2.37 2.22 2.30 2.06 . 2.20 1.87 1.96 1.42 9

I.
10 2.63 2.67 2.55 2.48 2.45 2.25 2.18 1.71 10
12 3.16 3.69 3.06 3.42 2.93. 3.10 2.62 2.35 12
~~) 15 3.95 5.47 3.83 5.07 3.66 4.60 3.27 3.49 . 15
20 5.26 9.13 5.10 8.46 '. 4.89 .7.67 4.36 5.81 20
i
25 6.58 13.59 6.38 12.59 I' 6.11· 11.42 5.46 8.65 25
I a~ 30 7.90 18.83 7.65 17.44 7.33 15.82 6.55 11.98 30
j t; 35
.40
9.21
10.5
24.83
31.57
8.94
10.2
23.00
29.24 .:
8.55.
. 9.77
. 20.86
. 26.51
7.65
8.74
15.79
20.06
35
40
~ t: _I
45
50 ,.
11.8
13.2
. 38.03
47.20
11.5
12.8
36.15
43.71
11.0
12.2
32.n s:03 24.80 45
'so
39.63 10.9 29.98.
a:

.
I
. 60. ·is.a 65.65 . 15.3 60.78 14.7 55.10 13.1 41.66 60
I •. 70 18.4 86.82 17.9 80.38 17.1 72.86 15.3 55.07 70
80 21. 1 110.7 20.4 102.5 19.6 92.85 17.5 70.16 80
I • ' 90 23.7 137.2 23.0 127.0 22.0. 115.1 19.6 86.91 90
. 100 . 26.3 166.3 25.5 153.9 24.4 . 139.4 21.8 105.3 100
~ _; .

~ t: -'--~ . - . - - - - .:_ ___ -· ---.-----~--- -1V2-lnch-,--.------. ---·----,----- -- -- --- - -

I~ Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M t ~bing •pipe
1 •; Flow 1.481" inside dia 1.505" inside dia 1.527" insi(:le dia 1.600" inside dia Flow
 - ... . . '. . .. . . .

. · I ti lngerSoH•O..esSer Pumps caIIl~ron Hydra~lie-JJata

•. -·· · Frletlon otWater.(Continued) .·
· · · .···· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · . .
Copper Tubing-·· . * $.P.s~ Copp~r a~d Brass Pipe
2 inch

Type K tubing • ,Type L tubing Type M tubing •Pipe

Flow 1.959" inside dia 1:985". inside dia 2.009" inside dra 2.062" inside dia .· Flow
.083" wall th k -; .070" wali thk .058" wall thk .1565" wall thk
us us
gal Head : Head . Head Head· gal
per Velocity loss Velccjty · loss Velocity loss Velocity . loss per
min ft/sec · ft/100 ft ft/sec · ft/100 ft . ft/sec .ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft min

10 1.07 0.31 1.04 .: '.0.29 .: 1.01 .Q.27 .96 ' 0.24 10

12 1;28 0;43 '1.24 . ,, ··o.4o •. 1.21 o:38 1.15 '0.33 -, 12
14 · 1.49 .0.56 1.45 '' 0.52. 1A2 o.50 1.34 0.44 14
16 1.70 0.71 1.66 0.66 .·. 1.62 0.63··, 1:53 0.55 · '. 16
18 · .. 1.92' 0.87 1.87 ' 0.82 .1.82 0;77 ; ... 72 0.68' 18
'•

20 2.13 i.es ·2~07' ' ... il.98 . 2.02 0:9'3 '1.92 0.82 . 20
25 2:66 t.ss · 2.59 ', .1.46. '' 2.53 1.38 2.39 1,22 .25
30' 3.19 2.15' .. 3J( •' . 2.01.·. 3.03 1.90 2.87 '1.68 30
35 3.73 2.82 ' ,•' 3.62 '2.65 ·.3.54 .: .. · 2.50 '' 3.35 ', 2.21 35
40 4.26 3.58 .· 4.14 .· · .. .3.36' .4:05 3,17 3.83 2.80 40
45, 4.79. '4.42 .. · 4.66. .4.15 '4.55 ,'' 3.92 4.30 3.46 '• 45

50 5.32 :5.34. ·.·. sJi. 5.01 . -. 5.05. 4.73' : 4.80 -, 4.17 sn.
,, ' 60 6.39 '7.40' 6.2f '6;95 ''.6.06 6.56 5:75 5.79 60
70 7.45 '9.76' 7.25 9.16 ' 7.07 . 8.65 6.70 7.63 70
80 8.52 .'. ' 12;42 8.28 . 11.65 ·8.09 ·11.00 7.65 9,70. 80
90 9;58 15.36 . 9.31 14.41 ,9.10 13;60 8.61 12;00 90

100 10.65 ,· 1s:ss 10.. 4 ·,·' 17.4.3 -. 1 ci.1 16.45 9.57 .·. 14.51 100
'·, 110 11.71 22.07 11.4 20.71 11.1 19.55 10.5 17.24' 110
120 12.78 .·' 25.84 12.4' 24.25 12; 1 ···22.88 11.5. 20.18 120
130 13.85 29~88 13.4 ' .28.04 13. i 26.45 12.5 23.33 130
140 14.9 34.18 14.5 ' 32.07' ''· 14.2 30.26 .·• .. 13:4 .26.69 •' 140
150 16.0 38.75'' . 15.5 ' · ... 36.36 ' 15.2 . 34.30 14.4 30.25 150
160. 17.0 43;55 '. 16~5 •. 40.89. 16.2 .·. . 38:58 15.3 34.01 160
170 18.1' .··4a.6i 17.6.' ' 45.66 .17 .. 2 43.08 16.3 37.98 170
180 ". 19.2 54.01 ,18.6 ... '. 50.67 . 18.2 ,' ' 47.81 17.2 42.15. ,. . .180
 .••.• . ~
'
..·
Friction ·-·

,,··~.~·
•
'\
...... \ Friction of Water(Co Jinued) ~-
ceased on Da;cy's Formula) '.

Z.
Copper Tubing-*S.P.S. Copper nd Brass .Pipe
\ 2Y2 Inch
;-.:··• ...

,.,.: Type K tubing

z,
Type L tubing' Type M tubing "Pipe
Flow 2.435" inside dia 2.465" inSide dia 2.495" i 'de dia 2.500" inside dia Flow
.095" wall th k .080'' wall thk .065" II thk .1875" wall thk
us
....
·.!·.~
gal Head
us
; . Head Head Head gal
per Velocity · loss Velocity loss Velocity .· loss Velocity
min loss per
ft/sec ft/100 ft ftlse c ft/1 00 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min
,.·.' 20 1.38 0.37 L3.4 0.35 l.31 0.33 ·' 1.31 0.33 20

•.+~ .
25 1.72 0.55 ·. 1.68 0.52 1.64 0.49 .1.63 0.49. 25
30 2.07 0.76' 2.02 0.72 1.97 0.68
.,•': 1.96 0.67 30
35 . 2.41 1.00 2.35 0.94 2.30 0.89 2.29 0.88 35
40 2.76 1.26

•.·"' .,~.
2.69 . 1.19 2.62 1.13 2.61 1.12 40
45 3.10 1.56 3.02 1.47 2.95 1.39 2.94 1.38 . 45
:.'

t·.J. 50
60
70
3.45
4.14
4.82
1.88
2.61
3.43
3.36
4.03 ..
1.77
2.46
3.28.
3.93
1.68
2.32
3.26
3.92
1.66
2.30
50
. 60
4.70 3.24 4.59 . 3.06 4.57 3.03 70
·;). 80 5:51 4.36

!,
5.37 4.12 5.25 3.88 5.22 3.85 80
'90. 6.20 5.39 '6.04 5.08 5.90 . 4.80 5.88 4.75 . 90
100 6.89. 6.52 6.71 6.15 6.55 5.80.
\ 6.53 5.74 100
:,) . 110 7.58 7.74 7.38 7.30 .. 7.21 6.89 7.19 6.82 110
120 8.27 9.06 8.05 .• 8.54
.f, . 130 8.96 10.46
7.86 8.05 . 7.84 7.98 120
8.73 9.87 8.52 9.31 8.49 9.22 130
140 9.65 11.97 9.40 11.28 9.18 10.64
. ·; .
9.14 10.54 140

~·t-i. .
150 10.35 13.56. 10.1 12.78 9.83
. 160 12.06 9.79 11.94 150
11.0 15.24 10.8 .14.36 10.5 13.55
170 11.7
10.45 13.42 . 160
17.01 11.4 16.03 11.1 15.12 11. 1 14.98 > 170
180 12.4 18.87· 12.1 17.79 11.8 16.78 11.B 16.61. 180
190 '13.1 20.81 12.8 19;62' 12.5 18.51 12.4 .
.,, \ . 18.33 190
200 . 13.8 22;85 13.4 21.54 13.1
I. 20.31 13.1 20.12 200
\. 220. 15.2 27.18 14.8 25.61 14.4 24.16 14.4 23.93 220
240 16.5 31.84 16.1 30.01 15.7 28.31 15.7 28.03 240
 I. )
:.
~-~-
I&···
Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.· Cameron Hydraulic Data' .
:~

· ~••
·-·-·--· ··· --~ ··---- · - Friction·ofWater (Continued)
. .. (Based en Darcy's Formula)·• · . .·
Copper Tubing-· * S.P.S. Copper' arid Brass Pipe
31n~h
1•'
Flow
Type K tubing·

2.907" inside dia ·

· .109"' wall1hk · ·
Type L tubing
2.945"inside dia .·
.090" wall thk
. Type M tubing

2.981" inside dia

.072"' wall thk
"Pipe.

3.062"' inside dia

~219".wall thk
Flow
,,.,''-
·i •'
us us'
gal Head Heaq Head. Head-. · . gal.
per Velocity '.· loss · Velocity ... loss. Velo~1i{ loss Velocity . loss ·.per
min · ft/sec .'· ", ··. tt/100 ft . ft/sec · · · ft/100 ft·. · .· ft/sec .· tt/100 ft · · .' It/sec tt/100 ft ·min·.,

20
30'
0.96 . Ci.16 .
. 1 AS . . · . 0~33
0.94·.·.
.i.41
0.15
.' 0.31
0~92'
l.37 ..
' 0.14
. 0.29
0.87
1~30'
.. 0.13
·. 0.25, .:
20 .:
30 :.
·t!'
40' 1.93 ' 0.54 1.88 0.51' t.8,3 ' 0.48 . l.74 .". 0.42·· .40 ,' ~}

rn
50 2.41 ', ·, ,•, 0.81 2:35 : . . 0.76 .•. 2.29 '0.72' 2.17 0.63 ·. 50

~g80 3.86.
}!l
1.87 '
}~
3.7_6 ,'
!:~t . ~.~~.· . · ~~~ . .
1.75 . 3.66 . ,' .1.65.
~.~ . ·
3.48 '
~:~L
' ' 1.45.
~g
. 80 '
_.:,
' .
· 90 4.34. · 2.30 4.23 · 2:16 ·· · · 4.12 · ·. 2.04 ·.· 3.91 · r.eo: 90

m HL rn Ht m HiJ m ur m m
130 6:27. 4.46 6.11 .4.19 .· · 5.95 3.95 · 5.65 3.47 130..
~·
::: .· :::: . ::::, :::: . :::: . :::: ·_ .· ·_ :::: _. . . :::: . :::: -·•· ::: .. · !i._•· _:_c.l.
160
170
.180
7.72
.. 8.20
8.69.>
6.49
7.24
• 8.03 .
7.52 .
7.99
.8.46
., 6.09
6~80
•,' 7.54
7.34
. 7.79
8.25
.5.75
6.41
7.11
. ' 6.95
7,39
7.82
'•' 5.05 '
5.64.
6.25 .
'160
170
180 ..
I ' '

190 9.16 • 9;95 8~93 •. ~-32 ·". 8;70 7'.84 . 8.25 ·.. ···· .li~89 ·. 190 _ .. · . ·. '. , It
200 ' 9.64 9.71 ' 9.40 .. · ·. '• 9.13 . 9.16. 8,61 ' ' 8.70 .·' '. 7.56 .: '200 .: .' -. .....
.: -22.0 .. __ ··- 10"6 . ...c.' -: _ ~:L1~55....:, . __ tQ.3 ... _::: .c.. _1.0'.8L __ tO.J. _ -:- -· -:-1_0.2,L .___;__ -9. .5~ ·- _c ~8.9.9. . .22.Q_: -:- . ....:.w=-
240 11.6. 13.52 11.3 '12.70, 11.0 . 11.98·. 10.4 ·-.10.52. 2,40 ' . ,_
260 ·12.6. . 15.64 12.2 14.69' 11.9 13.85 ' 11.3 12.17 260 '
280 13.5. 17.90 .· .· 13.2 ' 16.81 12.8 15.85 12.2 13.93. ', 280 ;,
••• '

:~
·.·)
-
,:)·
. . ..
·---,---
-·-
s: .. - .. -~ .~ Friction
' .
- -- ~-
··· :; . -·
Friction of Water (Con inued)
., ' ---1•

:':
(Based on Darcy's Form1 la)
) ' Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper 1~ nd Brass Pipe
./~
,',.·'
3V2 Inch

:~·•..
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M ubing 'Pipe
Flow 3.385" inside dia 3.425" inside dia 3.459" in· ide dia 3.500" inside dia
- .120" wall thk .1 ocr wait thk .083" w ~II thk .250" wall thk
Flow
-
us
gal Head us
'.: Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec tt/100 ft

.)
~\~ ft/sec tt/100 tt ft/sec tt/100 ft ft/sec tt/100 fl min

II
'' 60 2.14 0.54 2.09 0.51 · 2.05.
70 0.49 2.00 0.46 '60
2.49 0.71 2.44 0.67 2.39
80 2.84 0.64 2.33 0.60 70
0.90 2.78 0.85 2.73 0.81 2.66 ' o.n
\•
90 3.20 80
1.11 3.13 ' 1.05 ' 3.07 1.00 3.00 0.95 90
'· . 100 3.56

i''.·;
1.34
•'
3.48 1.27 3.41 1.21 3.33 1.14 100
110 3.92 1.59 3.82 1.50 3.76 1.43 3.67 1.35 110
120 4.26 1.86 4.18 1.76 4.10
130 1.68 . 4.00 1~s8 120
4.62 2.15
f1
4.52 2.03 4.45 1.93 4.33 1;83 130
140 4.98 2.45 4.87 2.32 4.79 2.21 4.66 2.09 140

i
-:
..
150 5.34 2.78 5.21 2.62 5.12
" 160 ' .5.69 2.50 5.00 2.36 150
3.12 5.56 . 2.95 ' ' 5.46 2.81 5.33
·.; 170 6.05 . 3.48 2.66 160 i

..... 5.91 3.29 5.80

•'· 180 6.40, 3.86 6.26 3.64 6.16
3.14
3.48
5.66
6.00
2.96 170
190 ' 6.76 3.28 180
4.25

i:,+_ :_
;I
6.60 4.02 · .. 6.49 3.83 6.33 3.62 190
'
200 7.11 4.67 6.95 4.41 6.82 4.20 6.66 3.97 200
.·. 220 7.82 5.54 7.65 5.24 7.51 4.99 7.33 4.72 220
240 8.54 6.49 8.35 6.13 8.19
260 5.85 8.00 ,• 5.52 240
9.25 7.50 9.05 '7.09 8.87 6.76
280 .8.66 6.39 260
" 9.95 8.58 9.74 8.11 9.55 7.73 9.33 7.30 280
- - - -· .300_ - _JO.'Z. - '-- ~9,73- .., --··. ··10.4· - -

i·;
. ... ·- -- -9;-19· ~ -- -10;2- -- · ·· -9-;n- - 10:0. ···- - - -9.29· ......
300 - - - - ....
350 12.5 12.87 12.2 12.16 11.9
400 11.60 11.7 10.95 350
14.2 16.42 13.9 15.51 13.7 14.79
450 13.3 13.97 400
16.0 ·20.36 15.6 . 19.23 15.4 ' 18.33 '15.0 17.32 450
. I~ ·Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data
Friction of Water (Continui!dJ ·
(Based on Dar~y·s Formula).
copper Tubing-·*S.P.S. Copper and Brass Pipe.·
·. 4Jnch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing "Pipe :

Flow 3.asr. inside .dta 3.905" inside.dia 3.935'' inside dia 4.000" inside dta Flow
·.· :134" wall thk .110" wall ttik ' :095" wail thk .250'.' wall ttik
us
gai
. per
''
.ttead. · Head •Head Heaci
us
, gal
<Velocity ·'· loss Velocity . loss ·. . Veiocity loss . ,Velocity loss . per
ft/sec ft/100 ft ftlsec ' ft/100 ft · . 'ft/sec Jt/100 ft_ ft/se.c · • fl/100 ti'' rni.n
: 100' 2.74 0.72 2:66 •' 0.68 2.64 :·0.65:
· 110 3.02' .2.55. 0.60 100
0.85 '2.94 0.80· '• 2.90 '. 0.77 2.81
. 120 3.29 '0.99'', 0.71 110
3.21 0.94 ' 3.16 0.90 '. 3.06 0.83
'· 130 3.57 05·· ·.1.08 •. 120 .··.
3.46' .· '.3.42 1.04' 3.31 .0.96 130
140 .· 3.84 1.31 '3.74 1~23' 3.69' 1.19' 3.57 1 .. 10 140
150
160
4.11
4.39.·
1.48' 4.01·' 1:40' ·3.9s us 3.83 1.25 150
1,67' '4.26 .1.57 .4.21 1.51 ,. 4.08 1.39
170 4.66'' 1.86'' 4.55 160
1.75 4:46 ' 1.69 ' ,• '4.33 1.56' 170 '
180 '.4.94 '• . 2.06 4.81 1.94 4.74 1:87 4.58 1.73 180
190 5:21. 2,27 . '5.08 ' • '2.14 5.00. -. 2.06· 4.84 1.91 · . · 190
200 5.49 ' 2,49 . , 5.35 •' 2.35' ··5.21
6.04 .: . 2~26 5.10 2.09 .200 ... ·
220. 2.96' 5.89 2.79 . ··.. 5.80.'
240 '2.68 5.61 2.41! 220
6.59.' 3;46 .: 6.42 .:3.26.· 6.32 3,14 -. .6.12 ..
' 260 7:14 2.90, 240
4.00 6.95. .3.77 6.85 .3.63 6.63 3.36',
280 7.69 4;57 260
7.49 4.31 7.38, 4.15 7.14 .3.84'
,• 280
300 8.24 '5.18 .: 8.02 '4.88 ..... .7.90 4.70' 7.65 .
·. 350 .· 9.60 4.35 300 .·
6;85 9.36 6.4.6 9.22 • ,' 6.22 ,. 8.92 ..
400 11.0 8.74 '5;75 350
10.7 8.23 10.5 7.93 10.2 7.33
450 12A .· ... 10.83 12.0 '9,83 ·, 400 '''
to.20 .1 (9 11.5 9.08 450
500 13.7 ,' 13.12 13 -: 4 12.36 13,2 11.91 12.8 .· 11.00 500
550 is. 1 15.61 14.7 14.71 14.5 14.17
600 16.5
14.1 13.09 550
18.31.· 16.0 17.24 15.8 16.61 15.3
65,0 17.9 15,35 600
21.19 17.4 -".
700 .· ... 19:2 24;28
19.96 17.1
18.4' .
'19.23 . ·15:5 . 11.n 650·
.,:·: i. .-;

:
. -~· . ....
.··~
.'· .' / .. . . Friction
\
r
Friction otWater (Co1'tinued)
(Based on Darcy's Forrr ula)
Copper Tubing-•s.P.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
5 Inch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type P ~tubing "Pipe

Flow 4.805" inside dia 4.875" inside dia 4.907'" inside dia 5.063" inside dia Flow
- .160" wall thk .125" wall thk .109" wall thk .250" wall thk -
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per. Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min
...

E
150 . 2.64 0.52 .2.56 0.48 2.53 0.47 2.38 0.40 150
160 2.82 . 0.58 2.75 0.54 2.70 0.52 2.54 0.45 160
170 3.00 0.65 2.92'' 0.60 2.87 0.58 2.70 0.50 170
180. . 3.17 0.72 3.09 .· 0.67 3.04 0.65 2.86. 0.56 . 180
190 3.35 0.79 3.26 . 0.74 3.21 0.71 3.02 .0.61 190
200 3.53 0.87 3.44 . 0.81 3.38 0.78 3.18 0.67 . 200
220 3.88 1.03 .3.78 0.96 3.72 0.93 3.50 0.80 220
240 4.24 1.20 4.12 1.12 4.05 1.09 . 3.81 0.94 240
260 4.59 . 1.39 4.46 1.30 4.39 1.26 4.14 1.08 260
280 4.94 1.59 .·. 4.81 . l.48. '4,73 1.43 4.45 1.23 .• 280
300 5.29 1.80 5.15 1.68 .·. 5.07 1.63 4.76 1.40 300
350 6.17 ·.· 2.38. 6.01' ~ .2.22 5.91 .2.15 . 5.56 1.85 350
., 400 7.05 .· 3.03 6.87 2.82 6.75 2.73 6.35 2.35 ·. 400
450 7.94 3~75 7.73 3.49 7.60 . 3.39 . 7.15 2.91 450
500 8.81 4.54 8.59 4.23 8.45 . 4.10 . "7.95 3.53 500
550 9.70 5.40 9.45 5.03 .· 9.29 4.88 8.75 4.19 550
600 10.6 6.32 10.3 ·5.90 • 10.1 5.71 9.54 4.91 600
650 11.5 7.32 11.2 6.82 11.0 6.61 10.3 5.68 650
700 12.4 8.37 12.0 7.81 11.8 7.57 11 .1 6.50 700
. 750 13.2·· 9.50 12.9 8.86. 12.7 8.58 11.9 7.38 750
800 14.1 . 10.69 13.7 9.97 .· 13.5 9.65 12.7 8.30 800
850 15.0 .11.94 14.6 11.13 14.4 10.79 13.5 9.27 850
900 15.9 13.26 . ·15.5 12.36 15.2 11.98 . 14.3 10.29 900
950 16.8 14.64 16.3 13.67 16.l 15.i"
I_-~ · 1rigersoll·Dress;rPumps
. ·. .

Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction of Water (Continued).
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing_.;.• S.P.S. Copper.and Brass Pipe

61n6h

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing 'Pipe

Flow 5.741" inside.dia 5.845''. inside dia 5.881" inside dia 6.125" inside dia Flow
.. 192~ wall.thk .140'' .wall thk .122 wall thk .250" wall thk
us us
.gal .. · Head Head. Head Head gal
per Velocity -loss Velocity . loss , . \telociiy loss Velocity ··. loss per
min · ~/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec • · tt/100 tt.. . ft/sec ft/100 ft It/sec tt/100 ti min

240 2.98 0.51 . 2.87 .· 0.47 2.84 0.46' 2:s1 0.38,' 240
260 .3.22 0.59 3.11 ,0.54'' 3.07 0.$3 '• 2.83 0.43 260
280 3.48 . 0;67 3.35 0.62 3.31 ' 0.60 3.05. 0.49: -.: 280
300 3.72 ·. ·0.76 3.58 '. 0.70 3.54 0.68 3.26 ,. .0.56 300
350·' '4.35 ' 1.01 4.19 ·0.93 4.14' ·0.90 '3.81 '0.74 350

400 4_97 • 1'.29 4.79 1.18 ,' 4.72 1:14 4.35··. 0;94 , , 400'
450 5.59 ,• 1.59 5.38 ·.•, 1.46 ,.5.31 1.42: . 4~90 .1.16 450
500. 6.20· 1.92 5.98 1~76 · ·5,90· ', 1.71 .5.44 ''1.41-· soc
550 6.82' 2.29. 6.57. 2:10 6.50. 2,04 5.98 1.67 550
600 7.45 : 2;68 7.17 2.46 1~10 2.38 ·. 6.53 1.96. ,600
650 8.07_···· 3;10 7.76 2.84 7.68 2.76 .7.07 2.27 sso
700 8.69:'· 3.54 8.36 3.25. 8.27 •. 3.15 · . 7.61 ,' 2.59-' .700:
750 9:31 4.02 8.9.6 3.68 8.86 3.57 8.15 .· 2.94 750
800 '9.93 4.52 9.56 4.14 ' 9.45 4.02 8.70 3.31 800
850 '10.6 5.05 •' 10.2 '4.63 10.0 4.49 _9.25 3.69 850

900 11.2 5.60 ,•' 10.8 5;14. 10.6 4.99 . 9,79 4.10 900
950 ,', 11.8' ' 6.18 '11.4 5.67,' 11.2, 5.50'' 10.3 4.52 •,. 950
1000' '12.4 6.79 12.0 6.23 11.8: '6.04 '10.9 4.97 1000
1100 '13.7 . 8.08 13.2 7.41 13.0' 7.19 12.0 5.91 1100
1200 14.9 9.48., .14.3 .8.69 ' '14.2 8.44 13.1 6.93. 1200
1300 16.1 • 10.98 ·-15.5 '11.o6 ' 15.4' ' 9.77 '14:1 8.02' 1300
140~ 17.4. 12.58 16.7' 11.53 16.5 , 1.19 15.2' 9.19 1400 ··.·
1500 18.6 14.28 17.9, 13.09' 17.7 .· 12.7Q '16.3 10.43 .: 1500'
 ---------------
Friction
-

Friction of Water (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-*S.P_.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
Slnch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type ~ tubing "Pipe

Flow 7 .583" inside dia 7.725"inside dia 7.785" i iside dia 8.000" inside dia Flow
.271" wall thk .200" wall thk .170" wall thk .3125" wall thk
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

I
500 3.55 0.50 . 3.42 0.46 3.37 0.44 3.19 0.39 500
550 3.91 0.60 3.78 0.55 3.71 0.53 3.51 0.46 550
600 4.26 0.70 4.10 0.64 4.05 0.62 3.83 0.54 600
650 4.61 0.81 4.44 0.74 4.39 0.71 4.15 0.63 650
700 4.97 0.93 . 4.78 . . 0.85 4.72 0.82 4.46 0.72 700
-750 5.32. 1.05 .. 5.12 0.96 5.06 0.92 . 4.79 0.81 750
800 5.68 1.18 5.46 1.08 .. 5.40 1.04 5.10 0.91 .800
850 ·•· 6.04 1.32 5.80 1.20 5.73 1.16 5.42 1.02 850
900 6.39 1.46 6.15 1.34 6.06. 1.29 5.74 1.13 . 900
950 6.75 1.61 .6.49 1.47 6.40 1.42 .6.05 1.25 950
1000 7.10 1.n . 6.84 ,. 1.62 6.74 1.56 6.38 1.37 1000
1100 7.81 2.11 . 7.52 1.93 . 7.42 1.85 7.01 1.63• 1i00
1200 8.52 2.47 ·8.20 2.26 .. 8.10 2.17 7.65 1.91' 1200
1300 9.24 2.86 8.88 ·- . 2.61 - 8.76 . 2.51. 8.30 2.20 1300
.1400 9.95 3.27 9.56 2.99. 9.44 2.88 8~93 2.52· 1400
1500 10.7 3.71 10.3 3.39 10.1 3.27 9.56 2.86 1500
1600 11.4 4.17 10.9 3.81 10.8 '3.67 10.2 3.22 1600
1800 12.8 5.18 12.3 4.73 12.1 4.56 . 11.5 4.00 1800
2000 ~4.2 6.28 13.7 5.74 13.5 _S.53 12.8 4.85 2000
2200 15.6 7.48 .15.0 6.84 14.9 6.59 14.0 5.77 2200
2400 17.0 8.78. 16.4 8.02 16.2 7.73 15.3 6.77 2400
2600 18.5 10.17 17.8 9.29 17.5 8.95 16.6 7.84 2600
2800 19.9 . 11.66. 19.2 10.65 18.9 10.26 17.9 8.99 2800
3000 21.3 13.24 - 20.5 12.10 20.2 11.65 19.1 .10.21 3000
 ·e···•.~l
r·6.'.·•..

~·!··~• •
[)1~gersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data·
. ··
... {._

-, :Friction of wa·terXcontinuedJ

.!•••••
. · . - .·.· (Basedon Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-·* S.P.S. Copper ~n(i Brass Pipe ·
. -. - 10 Inch._ . . .· ••

Flow
.. Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing "Pipe
Flow
a; ...
i ··~
9.449" inside dia 9.625'' inside dia 9.700" inside dia 10.020"mside dia
~'
us . us
1;···
.I'··....
. '. ..
gal Head Head ·Head· Head gal
per .•
min
Velocity
. ft/sec
loss ·
tt1100 t~
Velocity. .· loss
····ft/sec. .: ·. rt1100 ft
Velocity
. tt/sec .....
loss ._- .
. ft/100 ft
Velocity
· ft/sec
loss.· -.
ft/100 ft
per
.. min
1f,•
., !•_.· "•:

'«·:
'. 500 2.29 . o. 18 2.21 o'.16 · ,. 2.'11 .· 0~15 .: 2.03 . 0.13 500
· ·550 2.52 0.21. 2.43 0.19 . >2.39 .- o:i8. · 2.24·. 0.16 · · 550
600 2.75 0:24. 2.65 0.22 . .· 2.61 0;2~ ._·. 2.44. 0,18 . 600.
·-650 2.97 0.28 .• 2.87 0.26 •. 2.82.·. 0;25_ 2.65 .· .().21· 650.·

·~·:
700. 3.20 ·. 0.32.: 3.09 .-.·· 0.29 3.04 . 0.28 . 2~85 0.24 700 .1 ....

••-·
750 3.43 0,35 . · . 3.31 . 0.33 .3.26 ··0.32 . 3.05 0.27 750
800 3.66 0.41 . .3.53 0.37 3.47 0.36 3.26 . 0.31 800

_,
o.46 · . ·. 3.75 . 0.42 .. 3.69 o.4o.-·

••
850 3.89. •3.46< 0.34 850
900 4.12 0.51 . 3.97 o.46 · . 3.91 •. 0.45_.··. 3.66 0.38 900
950 - 4.35 0.56 • 4.19 . 0.51 4.13 0.49 '• 3.87 0.42 950
.··~:
..
'. .,

1000. 4.56 0.61 4.41 o:56 4.34 .': ·.· 0.54. .. 4.07 0.46 1000 . ... i••j

•
1100 ·.. 5.03 0.73 .4.48 0~67. 4.78 o.64. ., -, 4:32 . 0.50 1100
1200. 5.49 o.as -. 5.29·-·. 0.78 .. 5.21 Q;75 4.71 . 0.59 1200
.• 5.73

.,••.
1300 5.95 Q.99 .. . 0.90 5:64·.· 0.87 , . .5.10_· 0.68 1300 " ·-·•'"
.
1400 . 6.41 1.13 6.17 . 1.03. 6.08 1:01). 5.50.· . . 0.78 1400

1500 6.86 1.28 6;61 1.17 6.51. (13. 5.89 . 0.. 89 1500
1600 '7.32 1.44 7.06 1.32. -. 6.95 -. U7 6.28 1.00 . 1600 ~

-c
1800 8:24 1.79 7.94 · . .1.63 7.82 1.57. 7.32 1.35 1800
2000 9.15 2.17 8.82 . 1.98 8.68 .: 1.91 a:14 1.63 2000
2200 10.1 ··2.5& 9:70 2.36. 9.55 ". 2.27 8.95 1.94 2200

2400 11.0 3,02. 10.6 ·.· • 2.76;·_ .10.4. ·2.66 .. - • 9:77 2.28 2400
2600 ·". 11.9 . 3.50 11.5 . 3;20· 11.3 3;05 · 10.6 .· 2.63 2600
2800 . 12.8 ito1. 12:3_ . · . 3:61. :· 12.2 3.53 11.4 3.02 2800 .
3000 13.7 4.55 •' .. 13:2 . 4.16 13.0 4.01 12.2 . 3.42 3000:
 Friction
I·
Friction of Water (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's ]Formula) · ·
...
Copper Tub·mg- * S P S Copper and Brass Pipe
' 121nch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type I ~tubing 'Pipe

Flow Flow
- 11.315" inside dia 11.565" inside dia 11.617" ~nsidedia 12.000" inside d ia -
us us
gal Head Head Head ·Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity ·loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ttrsec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

800 2.55 0.17 2.44 0.16 2.42 0.15 2.27 0.13 800

E
900 2.87 0.21 2.75 0.19 2.72 0.19 2.55 0.16 900
1000 3.19 0.26 3.05 0.23. 3.03 0.23 2.84 0.19 1000
1100 3.51 0.31 3.36 0.28. 3.33 0.27 3.12 0.23 1100
1200 3.83 . 0.36 3.67 0.32 3.63 0.32 3.40 0.27 1200

1300 .4.15 0.41 3.97 0.37 . ·. 3.94 0.36 3.69 0.31 1300
1400 4.47 0.47 4.28 0.43. 4.24 .· 0.42 3.97 0.36 1400
1500
1600
4.19
5.11
. 0.54
0.60
4.58
4.89
0.48
0.54
. 4.54
4.84
0.47
.·0.53
4.26
4.54
0.40
. 0.45
1500
1600
1800 5.74 . 0.75 5.50 0.67 5.45 0.66 5.11 . 0.56 1800

2000 6.38 . 0.91 6.11 0.82 6.05 . 0.80 5.67 .' 0.68 2000
2200. 7.02 1.08 6.72 0.97 6.66 . 0.95 6.24 0.81 2200
2400 7.66 .1.26 7.33 1.14 7.27 1.11 . 6.81 0.95 2400
2600 8.30 1.46 7.94 1.32 .. 7.87 1.29 7.38 1.10 2600
2800 8.93 1.68 8.55 1.51 8.48· 1.48 7.94 1.26 2800

3000 9.57 1.90 9.16 1.71 9.08 1.67 8.51 1.43 3000
3500 .• 11.2 2.52 10.7 2.27 10.6 2.22 9.~3 1.90 3500
4000 12.8 3.22 . 12.2 2.90 12. 1 2.84 11.3 2.42 4000
4500 14.4 4.00 . 13.7. 3.60 13.6 3.52 12.8 3.01 4500
·5000 16.0 4.86 15.3 4.37 . 15.1 . 4.27 14.2 3;65 5000

5500 17.5 5.79 . 16.8. 5.21 16.6 5.10 15.6 4.35 5500
6000 19.1 6.80 .. 18.3 6.11 . 18.2 5.98 17.0 5.11 6000
6500 20.7 7.88 19.9 7.09 19.7 6.93 18.4 5.92 6500
7000 22.3 9.04 21 .4 .8.13 21.2 7.95 19.6 6.79 7000
. 23.9 22.7. 9.03 21.3 7.71 7500
•· .1) lngersoll·D ..essel' Pumps . · ·Camf!ron Hydraulic Data
.• \1

Friction Loss far· Viscous Liquids

· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · · ·

Loss in Feet .of Liquid per 1000 Fe.et of Pipe

.1 Inch (1 ~049" inside dia) Sch 40 New Slf!el Pipe

. Kinematic viscos;ty-::.centistokes
Flow·

us :
Bbl
.o.s 1.1
I 2.1 2.7. 4.3. ··.·
7A
..
10.3 13.1
.•
15:7 . 20.6~

gal ·per . ' .. .·Approx ssu viscosity .· .:

per hr(42 ..
min gal)·.· 31.5 33 . 35 40 .· . 50 . · 60 70 80. 100
.
.5 ;71 .:29 . • 28 . ;55 .70 _ 1.12 • 1.93 2.68 . 3.41 4.08 5;35
1 i.4 .. 96 •1:13 ·1.09 1.4.1 2.24 : 3.86. 5~36 -, 6.82 s;16 10.7.
2 2.9 ..
. 3 ..23 .3.72 4.41. 4.80 4.48 7.72 . 10.7 '13.6 16.3 21.4
3 .. . 4.3 6.84 7.63 9.04 _9.48 10:8 11;6 :· 16.1 20;5 24.5 .32.1
4
.•
. . 5.7' 11.4 . 12.2 14.9 :· 15.9 17:6 ·. ·15.4 21.5 ·. 27.3 32;6 . -. 42.B.

5 . ·. 7.1 ·11.2 "19.2 22.1. 23.4·· 26.3. .19.3 26.8 ·,34,7 . 40.8 53.5
6 . 8.6 24.2 . 26.8 30.5. .··32.1 .36.8 .41.3 32.2 ·40,9 .49.0 84.2 ..
7 10.0 .32.3 35.4 .· ·. 40.8 ". 42.6. . 47.4 53.8 37.5 ··47.7 57.2. 74.9.
8 11.4 41.6 45.5 . 51.1 ; 54.3• ·59.9 68.2 75.3 :54.5 ·. 65.2. . 85.6
9 12.9 51.8 · . 56.2 . 1)3.5 66:3 73.4 84.9 91.7 61.4 7$.4 ·. 98~
. .. ··
10 14.3 62.7 ., . 68.l 76.2
106 ..
.· 00.1 ea:2 101 .111 115·· .81.tS- 1UJ
12 17.1 89.3 95.3 111 . 122. 142 . 151 162 167 129
14 20.0 120 1'29 140 147 160 185 ' 198 212 221 150•
16 22.8. 155 '154 .181 . 188 -205 234 .. 257 .. · 268. 279 295
18 -. 25.7 194 202 224 233 ·254 20s· ·.305 326 .. 341 365
'. ·.

20 28.6.· 237 -250 272. 281 ..

.308 342 372 394 405 437
. 25 35.7 368 383 410 429 464 501 ·551 583 599 . . .' 651 .
30 ·4.2.9 523 545 382 .. 600 640 712. 759
.. 803 842 ': 904·
.. 1
·
35 .50.0 708 735 7ao
. •·
795 esa 933 I,,·

Kinematic \iiscosity-(:entistokes
Flow
. Bbi
·.
'.26.4 32.0 . 43.2 65.0 108A 162.3 216.5
l 325 I 435
I 650
 Friction
Friction Loss for Vtscous Liq ids. (Continued)·
· (Based on Darcy's Form ia) ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 O .0 Feet of Pipe
1Y2 Inch (1.610" inside dia) Sch 4b New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity- lcentistokes

Flow
0.6 1.1 2.1 2.7 4.3 7.~ 10.3 13.1 15.7 20.6
us Bbl
gal per Approx SSU vistosity
per hr(42
min gal) I 31.5. 33 35 40 50 60 70 80 100

1 1.4 .13 .10 .20 .25 ·.41 69 .• 97 1.23 1.47 1.93

2 2.9 .42 .49 .39 .51 .. 83 139 1.93 2.46 2.94 3.86
3 4.3 .86 .98 1 .17 1.25 i~24 2~08 2.89 3.68 4.41 5.79
4 5.7 1.43 1.63 1.92 . 2.07 1.65 2'f78 3.86 4.91 S.88 .7.72
5 7.1 2.11 2.42 2.83 3.05 2.Cm 3:47 ·4.82 6:14' 7:35 9;65

6 8.6 2.90 3.36 . 3.89 4.i8 4.69 .. 1.7 5.79

"··
"7.37. 8.82 n»
8 11.4 4.97 5.60 6.44 6.87 7.77 .9 .02 ,. 7.72 I 9.IJ3 11,Et . 1!j.5
10 14.3 7.51 8.34 9.58 10.1 11.6 1~.2 ... 9.65 . 12.3·,,. -'14.7 19.3
12 17.1 10.4 11.6 13.4 14.0 15.6 1 i .9 19.8 14.7.... · 11:6· ·23'.2
15 21.4 16.0 17.4 · 19.6 20.7 23.2 2E .5 29.1 31.1 ., . 21.0 291J

20 . 28.6 27.2 29.5 32.9 34.6 . 38.2. 4~.9 47.6 51.1 53.8 38.6
25 35.7 41.4 44.8 49.5 51.8 57.5 ·.61.6 . 70.1 75.2 78.9 84.7
30 42.9 . 58.8 63.0 69.1 72.0 79.0 8~.3 97.1 103 109 116.5
. 40 57.1 102 107 . 117 .· 122 132 15 . 160 170 . 178 191
50 71.4 157 164 .·. 178 183 198 22: 237 251 . 263. 281

60 85.7 224 233 249 259 279 30E 330 347 362 388
70 100 300 312 333 343. 369 404 436 457 477 508
80 114 389 403 427 440 470 51E 551 580 602 643
90 129 498 508 536, . 550 585 63• 681 715 746 792
100 143 601 624 656 670 714 77· 820 863 898 949

Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

Flow
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.0 108.4 162.3 216.5 325 435 650
 . .·. . ·._ ... .. " ' . . . .··.·..". ·.·

I) lft!Jers~ll-Dl'esserPump~ · .. CameronHydraulic Data·

Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)·
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
·. t.cseJn Feet oJLiquid per tooo Feet of Pipe .. ·
2 Inell (2~067" inside dia)Sch 40 New St~el Pipe
. :

Kinematic viscosity-centtstokes
Flow
us:
-.

Bbl
.6 I 1.1
I 2.1
I 2.7
I -4.3 I 7.4
I 10.3
·.
I 13.1 .I 15.7
I .20c6

gal per . ·. ··Approx -ssu viseosity . : :

per hr(42
min gal) .: 31.5 . . 33·· .. 35 40 50 · .. ··60 70 .•. .80 100
-,
...
1 1.4 . ~04 .04 • 07 .09 .75 .26 . ·., 36 ·.45. · . . 54. . .. ;71
2 2.9 J3 :15 .. < .. 15 •' .19 .30 .51 .n ;90 ·. 1.08 •.

1 ..42
4 5.7 . 43 .50 . .58 .63 . 59 1.02 ·.1.42 1.81 . . 2.17 . 2.84
6 8.6 .. 87 1.00 1.20 . 1.27 .1.46 .1 ..53 · . 2.13 . 2.71 3.25 4.26
•.

8 11.4 1;47 1.68 1.97 z.ia '2.38 2.04. 2~84. . 3.61 ·. 4.33 ~·68
.3.56
'·
10 .14.3 2.20 2'.55 . 2.90 .3.09 3.52 '2.56 4.52 .5.42 ''f,11'
12 . 17.1 3:()6 .3.46 .. .. 3.97 4.23 4.78 5,57 4;21 5.43 6.51 .8.53
14 20.0 . 4.07 4.51. 5:22 .· 5.51 6,26 }.28 4.98 6.3~ 7;59 :9;96
16 22.8. 5.17 5.79 6.65 ·1~01 7.92 9.16 9.95. 7.23 8.67 1j,4
18 25.7 6.44 '7.16 · · . 8.HL .. _··8.63. 9.6i 11.2 12.6. · .. 13.1 9.76 :1~.8

20 28.6 7.82 8.64 9.77 : J0.4 11.6 ·. 13.5 14.8. 15.5 10.8 : J~,2. ·.
25 35.7. 11.9 13.0 14.7 15.4 . 17.2 19.9 I
21.61 . 22.8 24.1 •·· . ·1/f.8 .
30 42.9 17.0' 18.2 20.4 21.5 ·. : 23.8 . 27.2 29.9. 31.2 33.o·.· '.35.6
35 50.0 22.3' ... 24.1 .27.0 28.2-·· 31.2 ·. 35.6 38.6< 40.4· 43.4 . 47.3
40 57.1 28:8 .• 31.0 34.2 ·. .. 36.0 39.6. 44.6 ·. 48.8 5:;?.9, .54.1 • 60.7
.
. ~- ..
50 71.4 : . 44.1 47.2 . 52.0·..· 54.0 59;2 ... ·. 66.4 .' .. 72,0 .. .76:9 78.4 .• . 86.2 .
60 85:7 62.7 66.5 _72.2 74.2 82.3 91:8. 98.6 105 111 119
70 100 -. 84.1. .. . 83.5 . 9~.8 '·99.4 . 108 120 130 137 145 156
80 114: 109 114 .. 123 ·-127 138 .: 154 166 17.4 . 182 195
90 129 137 143 154 158 .171 192 204 215 225 239.

100 143 167

"·
176 188 193 208 . •230 244 260 269 289
110 157 202 211: 225 231 246 275 290 307 319 .· 335
120 171 238 249 ._265· 273 290 321 341 358. 375 396
.
...;.
.•,·.}
,
.I.
J
·-·-_
Friction
- -.:

,,.
' - - ' - ,' ~
Friction_ Loss- (Based
·_for_. Vi_ sc_ ous ll-quids· - . (Co- ntinued)
on Darcy's For ula)
.I
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 Feet of Pipe
l
.1 2 Inch (2.067" inside dia) Sch 4 New Steel Pipe

:I
: .'.·1 I

•• us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0
I .43.2
I
Kinematic viscosity+centistokes

65.0
I 1oa.4 I , )2.3 I ais.s 1 325 I 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU v scosity

per hr(42

•• min gal). 125 150 200. 300 500 50 ' 1000 1500 2000 _3000.,

c:,.-
1 1.4 .91 1.10 1.49 2.24 3.74 . 5.60 7.48 11,2 15.0 22.4--:.
~ 2.9 1.82 2.21 2.98 4.48 7.49 11.2 15.0 22.4 30.0 ~:9
3 4.3 2.73 3.31 4.47 6.73 11.2 HJ.8 22.4 '33.6 45.0 67.4
4 5.7 3.64 4.42 5.96 8.98 15.4 ~2.4 29.9 '44.8 60.0 ·.89.9
5 7.1 4.56 -.- 5.52 7.45 11.2 - - 18.7 ~8.0 37.4 56.0 75.0 112
la;...
6 -. 8.6 6.47 6.63 '8.95 13.5 '22.5 ~3.6 44.8 ·87.2 ."90.0 135
..

=•·-·
.J 7 10.0 - 6.38 7.73 '10.4 15.7 26.2 39.2 52.3 78.4 :f-05 157
8. 11.4 7.29 8.84 - 11.9 18.0 30.0 ~4.8 59.8 89.6 120 '180
·•'
9 12.9 8.20 9.94 '13.4 20.2 33.7' W.4 67.3 i101 -135 .202
'-.. •) 10 14.3 9.11- ' 11.0 14.9 - .22.4 37.4 rn.o 74.8 772 150 224

12 17.1 10.9 13.3 18.9 28.9 44.9 17.3 89.7 135 .180 289
-_·' 14 20.0 - . 12.7 . 15.5 .20.9 31.4 . 52.4 ·~8.4 105 157 210 ~14
'I 16 22.8 14.6 17:7 23.9 35.9 59.9 9.6 120 179 240 359

:--
18 '25.7 16.4 19.9 26.8 - . _ 40.3 67.4 7( 1 735 202 270 404
.~ '
20 28.6 78.2 ' 22.1 _ 29.B . ~.9 74.9 1 2 150 224 .300 449

25 35.7 . 22.B 27.6' 37.3 58.t '93.6 1• 0 187 ' 280 375 582
- 30 42.9 27.3 >33.1 44.7 67.3 112 108 22.f . '336 450 67.f
35 so,o 31~9 38.1 52.2 78.5 131 106 262 392 525 186
40 57.1 ,63.0 44.2 59.6 89.8 150 2. 4 299 .448 600 899
45 64.3' 70.8. . 80.2. 67.1 101 168 2l•2 336 503 .675

50 71.4 92.8 97.1 .74.5 112 187 2~ 374 560 750

60 85.7 127 134 146 135 225 336 448 872 900
70 100 162 176 189 157 262 3$2 523 "784
80 114 208 219 238 180' 300 of.JS 598 896
 ~ .. : .·. . . . .

· 1 ·~
•' '

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps. · ·camerort Hydraulic Data

·------· ·~-------~-Friction Loss for·Viscous~ Liquids (Continued)·- -- - ~·
· . (Based on Darcy's Formula) ·
. Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feef of Pipe .' .
· 2v2 Inch (2.469" inside dla) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
:·
. Kine·matic visccsity-e-centistokes .
Flow
I
..

.US Bbl
.6
1
1.1
I 2.1
I 2.7 I . 4.3
I 7.4.
...
10.3
I 13.1
I 15.7
l 20.6

gal per· .. Approx ssu viscosity •. .. . .

·per. hr(42 . ,.
min gal) .
·.· 31.5 33 . ·.35.· AO '50 •'
60 76 80 100
. .·
·. 2.66.
.10 .' J4.3 .92 1.05 1.23 .· 1.31 1.48 - 1:26 1;75 2.22 3.50 · .
12 '. 17.1 1~28 . 1.47 1.70 . 1;ao 2.04 . . · •. J';61 -2.10 2.61 ·'· .·3.19 4.19
14 20.0 '. '1.68
.. 1.92. : . 2.23 2.37 2.65 . . 3.09 2.45 ·3;11 3.73. ·.4.89
. 16 •' 22.B -2.15 . 2.43 2.81 2.99 ····3.34, 3.86. . ·2.80 3;56 4;26 5.59 .
18 .. 25.7 2.68 1· . 2.99: 3.46 3.68 . 4.21. 4.77' . 5.26 : 11.00· .f.80 6.28
.
.

. 20 28.6 3.23 3.61 4,27 4.42 4.94 5.73 6.26 . . "illl-1 . · .: 5.33 6.98
25 35.7 4.88. .· 5.39·. 6.17 6.55 .7.31 ·B.42 9;20. .9.79 6.66 a13
30 :42.9
"
. 6'.87 .· 7.57' .8.55 9;07 . 10.1 H.5 12.6 . ·. '13~5 14.1 . :10.5 .
; 1:8 16.4'• . 18.5
"

35 .50.0 9.18 •. 9.97 11.3 .13.3 . 15.1 17.7 20.0

40 . · 57.1 11.8
... . 12.. 8 14.3 .15.0 '• .' 16.8 : . 19.0 · . 20.7 . 22.1 23.2 ' 25.0
...
45 64.3. 14.8. 15.9 17.7 . 18.7 20.8 · 23.5 25.6 21.1 '.
. ..'
28.4 " .30.6
50 71.4 18.1 19.3 21.4 22.4 24.9 . 28.3 •30.6. .. 32.5· -: 34.1 . .36.8
60 ', 85.7 -25.6 21:2 .29;9 31.1: •3~(2. 39.1 . 42.1' 44.7 46.7> .·.5a.4 ·
I
70 i100. ·. . 34.2 36.2 39.6 :41.4 .· 45.2. 51.4 55.4 58.5 61.5. . 66.0
80 114 . 44.1 . 4.6.7 50~6 .. ;53.0-. - 57.3 . 64.5 69.7.: 74.2 77;5 ·. ·. 82.7 .•
···.: .·.
'
129.
90·.·. . 55.2 -58;8 ·. 63.2 .. 65.4 .: 70.9. 80.0 86.6 91.2 . 95.3 103
100 . 143. 67.2 .·
. 72.3. 75,7 . 79.4 "ss.a .: 96.3 104 109 .· . 115 123
.110 157 80.9 86.2 92.4 94.B 103 . 113 121 130 135 146.
120 171 95.7 102 roe .· 112 . 121 133 '· 143 ·. . 151 :
158 169
130 : 186 .
.·.
112 118 .: 125 130. 139 155 166 176 181 . 194
..
140 200 129 136 144 150 160 176 188 198 209 221
150 214 147 155 165 170 181 . 198 212 223 234 .250
160 228 ~67
188
175
i96
187
210
191
214.
. .203 224 238
267
253
283
262 281
312
170 243 226 248 290
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous. Llqi ids (Continuedf
(Based on Darcy's Form& la) · ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 100) Feet of Pipe

2V2 Inch (2~469" inside dia) Sch 4 ) New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-j entistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.o I 43.2 I 65.o I 108.4 I 162 3 · I .216.s 1 325 1 '435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vise osity
per hr(42 t----..-----.---..----..-----.--+--r---""T"""--""T"""--""T'"""--
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 75) 1000 1500 2000 3000

II
1 1.4 ·".45 ~·54 .73 1.10 1.84 2.'5 ·3.67 5.52 7.38 11.0
2 2.9 ;~90 1.09 1~47 2.20 3.68 5.~ '7;35 11.0·. 14.B .22,0
4 5.7 1~79 2.77 2.93 4.41 7.38 t 11.(J :·'.·,14.7 .22.1 .:'.~.28;5 · ... fU.1
6 8.6 2~69 3.26 4.40 6.62 11.0 '18.5 :;;22.0 33.1 ..U.3 66.2
8 11.4 .. 3.58 4;34 5.87 8.~ 14.7 '::-'22,()
·.::~:":· 4•f.?;.
10 14.3 4;48 5.43> 7.33 11iJ 18.4
12 17.1 5.:38 6.51:·· 8.80 13.2 ·22.1
14 20.0 6.21 ·7.60 10.3 15./f 25.7
16 22.8 7.1.6 s.88 11.7 17.tJ 29.4
18 25.7 8.06 9.:ii . 73.2 ~19.8 33.1
20 28.6 · BJ16 10.!i'. 14.7 22.0· 36.8 _,,55.0•.
25 35. 7 '11~2 13.o·r 18.3 27.6 48.0 ···~88~8 .
30 . 42.9 13.4 ·16.3'. 22.0 33.f 55.2 ,.,' 82.6.
35 50.0 ·.15;i 19.0 ~ 25.6 .38.B .84.4" '·.96.l
4Ci 57.1 - 11.9 21.1; . ·29,3 44.2 13.6 ·:110
45 64.3 33.0 •· 24.4 33.0 49.6 82.8 1·24
50 71.4 39.2 21.2 .: · .. 36.6 55.2 92.0 .:.138
60 85.7 . 54.0 56.5 44.0 68.2• 110 .;765 •.··
70 100 70.0 73.5 51.3 . n.2 129 193 '
·:·220 .
80 114 87.7 93.4 101 BB.3 147

90 129 110 115 125 99.3 166 248

100 143 130 137 148 110 '··· 184 '·275 ,.
110 157 154 164 176 197 202 303
180 .·
· .I ~ .lngersoll·Dresser
: . .

P.ulllps Cameron Hydraulic Data

·Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids· (Continued)·.
· . ·. (Based on Darcy's Formula) . · . . ". ·.. · .

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of. Pipe ,

-. 3 Inch (3.068" inside' diaY Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosit}t-Centistokes
: Aow

us Bbl
.6 I t.t. I ·. 2.1
I '£7
I 4.3
, ,
I 7.4 10.3
I 13.1
I t5.7
I 20.6

gal :per .· .,
, .
Approx ssu viscosity
per h~(42
min gal) 31.5 , 33, .·,. .35 -,
40 50 ,· 60 10 80. 100

, , >:~~
, ,

,8 11.4'' .22 .25 ;32. .24 .42 ;59. , .74' .89 1.18
10 14:3 .32 ;37 .47 .54 ;53 , :,73: , ·.·.93, 1.11 1;47
15 ·. 21.4 .70 .76 .' .89 .94 1.07 .79 , 1;10 1.40 '1.67 2.20
.,
20 : 2B.6 1.12 1.27, 1.47 .: 1.57, ', 1.78. ·:2.07 1.46 1.136 2.23 2.93
, 25 35.7' 1.69 ,1.93 '· 2.31 , .. ·2.61 3.01 3.29.' 2,33
.. 2.23 2.79 3.66
,,.
. :
:· 4.12
, ,•

: 30 42.9 2.36 2.64 '2.99 3.22 3.60 '4.50' 4.83 3.35 4.40
35 50.0 3.13, 3.48 3:97 4.21 A66 5.41 5.89 6.35 6.61 . .5.13
40 57:1 4.03· 4.42 ·5.02 5;29 5.90,. 6.80 7.46 7.93, , 8.37 5;87
so 71.4 6:10 ,' 6,70 7.50 ··1.93. 8.76, 10.1 , ·, 10.9
15:0 ··
11.7 < 12.3 , 13.2
.60 85.7, 8.57 Jl.32 10,.4 ,•, 11.0 12.0 ·13.7 ,16.0 , 16.8 18;0
,

70 , 100 11.5, , 12.4 ,

13.8 , 14.5 15.9 18.0 .19.6 20.9 21.9 .. 23.6
, '·· ·,

80 114 14.7 , 15.9 17.5 ,, 18.4' 20.3 · 22.9 24.6 '. 26.4 ,· 27.7 29.8
.90 ,·. 129 -. 18.4, 19.,9 21.8 22.8 25.0 .ae.o · 30.4 , , 32.4, ·.33.8· 36.3
100 143 22.4 24.2 25:3 .· -, 27.5 30:2 33:7 36.4 :
,, 39.0 40:8 43.6
120 , 171 31.8 34.1 36.9 .' , 38.6 , .41.9 .': ,.46.8' 50.5 53.4 56.4 60.0

140 200 42.4 : 45.6 49.4 50.9, .55.4 , 65.5 66.0 10:0 73.2 78.6 ,
160 228. 54.8, 58.0 63:3 .·· 65.4 70.4 .: 79.1 •, 83.8. 87.9 92.3 98.2
180 257 . 69.o '. 72.7 78.7, 81.6 87.2 9i2·· . 104 109 114 122.
200
:
286 84;7 88.9 95.7 , 99.4' 106 .11} 125 13.1 137 146
225 322 101: >· 1,12 1,20 124 132 145 155 ., 164, , 169 180
,

•·250 357 ., 131. 137 ·, 147 15.1 '.· 160 175: 188 195 204 218
275 393 158' 164 , 175 , 180., 191 208 226 .: 233. ·.243, 258
300 429, 187 193 .204 ,.· 212 225 244. 260 273 281 298
··..-·~-.
.•:.
. . ..
. . . . -~··
Friction
-;

....
. . •.

..
.\ .

---Friction Loss for Viscous Liq Jids (Continued)

'•.·
·' ---· --~- ·-
v : · ·
.· '
(Based on
. .
Darcy's
.
Form~la)... '
. ·. · ·

:~ Loss in Feet of Liquid per· 1 OC 0 Feet of Pipe

•••.. .
' ·1.
3 Inch (3.068" inside dia) Sch 4( New Steel Pipe
· ...·.. ,
'
'.

•••-'
Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

I I I
Flow

us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 16 >.3 216.5 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi~ cosity

..·--.).~'
per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 7!0 1000 1500 2000 3000

•., '
4 5.7 .75

II
.91 1.23 1.85 3.08 ~ 62 6.16 9.25. 12.4 18.5
6 8.6 1.13 7.37 7.84 2.77 4.62 ~92 9.24 13.9 18.5 27.7
8 11.4 1.50 1.82 2.45 3.70 B.16 9r23 12.3 18.5 24.7 "38.9
10 14.3 1.88 2.28 ·3.06 4.62 7.70 . 1115 15.4 23.1 . 30.9 48.2
. ·. 55.5
-:
12 17.1 '2.25 . 2.73 3.68 5.55 9.24 1:3 B 18.5 27.7 37.1

.,. : 14
16
20.0
22.8
2.63.
3.00
3;18
3.64
4.29
4.90
. 6.47
7.39
. 10.8
12.3
. . J~.2
1~ 5
. 21.5
24.6
32.3
31.0
.f3.3
-49.5
64.7
73.9
e.o:
··,\.);·
i.
r: 18 25.7 3.38 4,09 5.52 B.31 13.9 2G.8 27.7 . 41.6 55.6 83.2
20 28.6 3.76 4.55 6.13 9.24 15.4 30.8 46.2 .61.8 92.4
25 35.7 4.69 5.69 7.67 11.5 19.3 ~~1
2 8 38.5 51.7 77.3 115

.;
.. · 30 42.9 5.63· 6.83 9.20 13.9 23.1- 34_6 . 46.2 89.3 92.7 139
35 50.0 6.51 7.97 10.7 16.2 .. 27.0 53.8· 80.9 108 ·162
·40 ~.3
51.1 1.51 9.10 12.3 18.5 30.8. . 6.2 61.6 92.5 124 185

••/, 50 · 71.4 9.39 . 11.4 . 75.3 23.1 -38.5 . 57;.7. .17.0 . 115 154 231
2n

~-·
60 85.7 19.2 13.7 18.4 .· 27.7 . 46;2 .. 69i·2· 92.4 139. 185

·.,··)·
70 100 25.3 26.8 21.5 . 32.3 53.9 108 182 218 .323
•:·,
.l.;
80 114 31.6 . 33.6 24.7 37.0 61.6 9 .3 123 . 185 247 369
90 129 38.9 40.9 44.6 41.6 69.3 '1 . . 139 . 208 278 416
100 143 46.1 49.5 53.0 . 46.2 . 17.0. 11 154 .231 309 482
., 120 171 . 64.0 67.6 . 72.9 ·. 55.5 92.4 13 185 2n 371 555.

140 200 83.9 89.1 94.9 108 108 16~ 215 323 433 647
160 228 106 111 120 135 .123 18~ 246 370 495 739
l 180 257 131 137 148 164 139 20i . 277 416 556 832
200 286 157 163 179 198 154 23, 308 482 618 924
--··

I~ ·1ngersoH·Dre,sser _,umps
·-----·---- .....

·Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction Loss for Viscous Llqulds (Continued)
· · • (Baaed o·n Darcy's Formula) ·· .· . · . · .

loss in Feef of Liquid per 1000 Feefof Pipe

3Y2 Inch (3.548;'inside dial 'sch.40 New Steel Pipe
Kinematic -Viscosrty centistokes
Flow
I I I l
..

us Bbl
... 6
I 1.1
·.
2.1 I - 2:.7 ·1 .4.3 7.4 10.3 I 13. 1 '15.7 I 20.6

gal per .. -, Approx SSU viscosity

per hr (42 ·
rmn gal) 31.5. 33. .35 40 50 60 70 80 100 .

20 28.6 ':.. 56·· . .. 63

•.

·,72 .78 .· .88 1.03 . •82 1;04. . 1.25 . .1.84

25 35.7. .82. ,93 . 1.08 1.14 1.29 1.52 ···· l.67 1.30 1:58 ~05 .·
30 42.9 . 1.15 1.29 1.50· 1.57 1.78 2,09 2.30 1.58 1.87 2.'48
35 . 50.0 1.53 1.70. 1.94 2.08 2:31 2.68 2.97 3.18 . 2.18 2.87
40. 57 .. 1 1.95· . 2~17 .. 2.49. ·. 2.68 '2.91. . 3.35 3.70 4.00 . 4.21 3.28
. '•

45 64.3 2.46· ·. 2.68·. 3.03 . ·3.22 3.59 4.11 4.57 4JH . 5 •. 19 ·'3,fi9
50 71.4 2.95 ·3.25 3.68 .. ' 3.90 4,32 .· 4.98 5.42 .·. 5.87· 6.20 . 6.64
. 7.97 · .
•.

60 . 85.7 .4:17 . 4.54 ..

·5.12 . 5.38. 6.00 6.82 7.41. . 8.41 9.21
70 100 6.78 6.02 .· 6.78 7.11. .. 7.84 8.87 9.76 . 10.4 .10.9 11.9
80 -114 . 7.19 .· 7.72 .8.57 .· 8~79 9.81 · 11.2. 12.3 13.() 13.7 14;9

90 129 8.92 .. 9.59. 10.6·· 11.2 . 12.5 13.9 15.0 16.1 · 16:8 :1a.3
iOO 143 10.8 . 11.7 •. . 12.9 . 13.6. 14.8 16.8 18.0 19.3 20.2 21.7
120 171 15.4 16.4 18.1 . 18.7. ·20.5. 22~9 25.0 26.3 27.7 29.7
140 200 . 20.5 22.0 . 23.9 . _24.9 27.3 30.5 . 33.1 34.6 36.0 39.1
160 228 .·.· 26.4 - . 28.3 30:9 . 31.9 '35.0 38.4. 41.8 ; 43.9 45;6 · 49.o ·
..

180 257 33.0 35.0 . . 38.0 39.6 42.5. 47.7 50.8 54.0 56.3 60.1
200 286 40.3 43.C> 46.3 '48.0 '51.4 57.1 61.8· 55_5·· 68.0 72.2
225 322 50.7 53.2 57.7. · . · 59.7 64.7 71.2 75.9 80.1 84.3 sas
250 357 62.6·· 65.0·· . . 70.9 72.7 78;9 86.5 92.7 96.9 101 107
275 393 75.4. n.9 84.6 • .. 87.1 93.3 .. 102 110 115 120 127

300 . 429 ·. 89.2 ..· . · 92.2 99.6 .. 103 109 119 128 135 140 148
325 464 104 108 116 . 120 .· .· 127 138 .: 147 154 161 171
350 500 121 124 t 133 .138 146 .159 169 178 183 194
 ] Friction
Friction_ Loss fQr_'Jis~()~_s_~iqhids (Continued)
· · · (Based on Darcy's FormI;la) .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
3Y2 Inch (3~548" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
Kinematic viscosity l+centistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 32.o I I
43.2 [ ss.o [ 1oa.4 162.3 21s.5I I I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU \(iS!:asirtv·:

per hr(421--~--r~~.....,.~~-.~~'""T""~~.--1-~-.~~-T"""~~-,-~~-,-~~
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 .' !1'50 1000 1500 2000 3000

10 14.3 1.05 127 1:12 2.58 4.32 6.46· B.62 12.9 16.9 . 25.8
15 21.4 1.sr 1.91 2.58. 3.88 6.47- 9.88 12.9. .19• .f 25.4 38.8
20 28.6 2.10 2.54 3.44 5.17 8..63 2.9 ·11.3 25.8 .. 33.8 51.7
25 35.7 2.62 3.18 429 6.47 10.B 6.1 21.tJ 32.3 :42.3· ~.7
30. 42.9 3.15 3.82 5.15 7.76 J3.0 _9~. .::25.9 .311.8 . . "' .;'S0.1 71.6
35 50.0 3;67 . 4.45 "6.01 9.QS
40 57.1 4.2() 5.09 481 10.3
45 64.3 4;72 5.73 :r.i3
··s.59
11.6
50 71.4 5;25 S.3tJ 12.9
60 85.7 5.30 rs« 10.3 15.5

70 100 12.8 8.91 12.0 18.1 .' ·90.$· ,·us ·1s1>

80 114 16.1 16.9 '13.7 20.7 .103 f" ·135' 201.
90 129 19.6 20.8 · 15.5 ·23.3 -ti« · 152 233
100 143 23.6 24.8 17.2 25.9 . 129 1.89 . 258
120 171. . 31.9 .· 34.0 37.1 31.0. ···155 .. ,203 . :no
140 200 41.5 43.8 48.2 36.2
160 228 52.3 55.3 60.5 67.7
180 257 64.6 67.3 73.9 83.4
200·· 286 77.3 8(5 87.9 99.9
225 322 94.4 99.8 108 122

250 357 114 120 129 146 108 .6'7

275 393 134 141 153' 172 199 711

.::>·
300 429 157 164 178 '198 233 '716
325 464 181 188 205 227 266
350 500 206 215 233 258 301
 . . - .

I) lngersoH·Dresser Pumps ';. . Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction· Loss for Viscous Llqulds (CoritihueciJ · - --

(Based on. Darcy's Formula} · · ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Fe'et of Pipe
. 4 Inch . (4.026"
.
inside dia) Sch 40 New
.
Steer Pipe .
..
'

...

·Kinematic viscosity-centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
.6 I 1.1
I 2.1 I 2.7·
I 4.3 l 7.4 l 10.3. I 13:1
I 15.7 l 20.6

gal per .· . Approx SSU viscosity

per hr(42 ,
so
,

40 70 ',•
,

min gal) 31.5 33 35, 60 BO 100

20 26.6, .30 .34 .40 .43 .49 .57 .50 .63 .75 .99
30 42.9 .62 .70 .82 .a1• ·.98, 1.14 1.25 , .• 95 1.13, 1.48
40 57.1 1~05 1.18 1.35, , 1.44 1.62 1.86 2.04 2.20 '1.51 1.96
50 71.4 ·.1.58 , 1.76 2.02 2.i3 2.37 2.75 .. 3.00 3.21 .3.40 2.47
60 85.7 2.22 .2;44 , ,
2.80 2.93 3.27 , 3.77 4.12 3.29, , 4.62 5.01-
..
70 , 100 · . 2.96 ·3.24 3.69 3.88 .. 4.31 4.93 , 5.39. '. , 5.72 ·, 6.03 6.53
80 114 3.79 4~.16 4.67 ····.·4.93 , 5.44 .,. 6.20·· 5,75 ,,
, 7.23 , 7.55· 8.17
.90 129 4.72 5.15 5.77 CG.OB 6.72 7.63, 8.32 .·8.87, 9.29 10.0
.
'.

100 143 5.77 6.27 , 6;91 7:33 .' 8.12 9,15. 9.97 10.6 11.2 12.0
120 171 . · 8.09 8.81 9.66 10.2 11.2, 12.7 13.6 14.6 '15.3'· 16S
1·
140 200 10.8 11.7 ,, 12.9 , 13.4 14.8 '16.6 J7.9. 19.0 20.0 21;5
160 228 13.9 15.0 16.4 .· 11.1 · ,·'18;8, ,,
21.1.·· . · ·. 22.1·· 24.0, 25.2 27.2
, 17.4
,

21.5 23.2 26;0 , 28;1'

,

180 257 18.7 20.4 29.6 30.8 33.3

200 286 21.4 22.7 24.9 , 25.9, 28;0. 31.4 -. 33.7 · . . '. 35.1 . , .36.9 ,' .40.0
220 .314 ,' 25.6.' .27.2 29~8, ·• 30.8 , ·.'33.2 37.3, ,. 40.2 42.3 44.0· 47.0
· ..
I.
240 343 30.3 -. 32.0 34.9 >'36.1 38.8, '· 43.4 46.8 49-.1 .·. 51.4 ,• .· 54.6··
260 371 35.4, 37.2· 40.4 42.0 45.0 50.1 53.9' , 56.7 59;3 .· .62.7
.280 400 ·.40.8 42.7, 46.4 ·.··'48.2. , 51.7 •·. 57.4 .· 61.6< 65.0 67.4 71.3
300 429 46.6 48.7 53.0 ·58.8 6.4.9 ,· 69.6 · -. 73.3 76.0 81.0
· •·· 54.B · 101 ,
350 500 62.7 65.6' 10.6··. . 72.8.· · 77.9 · 85.4 91.2 96.2 107

400 · 571 81.4 '. '84;7 90.4 .: 93.7 99.8 109 116. 122 127 , 135
450 643 , 102, 106 .113 117 124 •. · 135 144 .151, , 157 167
500 714 125 130 137 )42 151 .. 164 174.· 182 189 201
550 786 151 157 165 ·.· 170 ' 180,, 195 206 . 216. 224 239
 Friction

Friction Loss for Viscous Liq~ids (Contin.ued)

- - -. -, · (Based on Darcy's For~ja) .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
4 Inch (4.026" Inside dia) Sch 401 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108-4 I 16: .3 I 216.5 I 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi! cosity
per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 TI 0 I
1000 1500 2000 3000
s 85

E
15 21.4 .95 1.15 1.55 2.34 3.97 7.80 11;7 15.7 23.4
20 28.6 1.27 1.54 . 2.07. 3.12 5.21 7 80 10.4 15.6 20.9 31.2
30 42.9 1.90 2.30 3.11 .4.68 7.82 117 . 15.6 23.4 31.3 46.B
40 57.1 2.54 3.08 4.15 6.25 10.4. 1~.6 20.8 3.1.2 41.8 62.5
50 71.4 3.17 3.8.f 5.18 1.81 13.0 1S 5 .26.0 39.0 52.2 18.1

60 85.7 ·3.80 4.61 6.22 9.37 15.6 . 23,4 31.2 46.8 .82.7 '93.1
70 100 4.44 5.38 7.25 10.9 18.2 zt.3 36.4 54;6 73.2 109
80 114 8.81 6.15 8.29 12.5 20.B 3i.2 41.6. .62.4 .83.6 -125
90 129 10.8 .11.3 9;33 14.1 23.4 3L1 46.8 10.2 su.1. 141
100 143 12.9 13.7 :10.4 15.6 26.0 3!.0 52.0 78.0 105 158

120 171 . 17.6 18.6 20.3. 18.B 31.2 4L8 . 62.4 .·. 93.7 125 .187
140 200 22.9 24.3 26.5 21.9 36.4 5' .6 12.8 . 109 146 218.
160 228 29.0 30:3 33.2 25.0 41.7 6: .4 ·s3.2 125 187• 250
180 257 35.5 37.4 40.7. 45.7 .. 46.9 71 .2 93.6 '.140 188 281
200 . 286 42.6 45.0 .48.7 54.8 52.1 7LO 104 156 209. ·312
220 314 50.3 53.0 57.1 64.7 57.3. .--~ .s. 114 172 230 -. 343
·58.5 ·. ~ ~.6 .
343
'
240 61.5 65.1 74.7 82.5 -.125 187 ·251., . 3'15
260 371 67.2 70.B 76.B 85.7 67.7 10 . 135 203 272 :406
280 400 . 76.4 80.5 87.2 97.3 73.0 10': ~ - 146 218 ,, ·292.· . 437
300 429 . 85.8 90.8 98.5 110 127 11 !>' 156 ·234 313 A68
325 464 98.5 104 113 125 146 12r 169 254 340 508
350 500 112 118 128 143 166 13!1 182. 273 366 547
375 536 127 133 145 161 187 14$ 195 293 932 ·sss
400 571 143 149 162 180 208 15 9 -· 208 312 418 825
450 643 178 184 198 222 254. 28 5 ,234 351 .. 410 103
. .
 . ·. ·. . .
.

1 ·~ ·Ingersoll-Dresser
.

• ; • :
~umps · Cameron Hydraulic Data
I • ., •.•

... Friction tossforVJscoust:iquias

::rcontinued) . .
(Based on Darcy's Formula)· ·· ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of .:Pipe

. 6 inch (6~065" inside dia) Sc~ ·40 ·New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes . ·.
Flow

us . Bbl .
.6 I 1.1 I 2. 1 I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4.
I 10.3
I 13 .. 1 I 15.7 I 20.6

gal ·per · Approx SSU viscosity ·

per hr (42
· gal) ..
min· 31.5 33 35 40 50 60 70 . 80' .. 100
.·

107 .. .49 .58 . 61 ;68 .. so .86 .98' .. .

r
75
100 143
· .. 45
.. 77 . .85 '. .96 1.01 1.14 1.30 1.42
.. .· . . 93
1.52 .'. 1.62
.72
1.74.
'.
125. . 178 .1.14 '1.27 1.43 l.51 1~68 1'.95 2.10 2.23 2.35 2.57
150 214 '1 .61 1.78 2.01 · 2.09. 2.32 2.66. · . 2.86 3.08 3.20 3.46
175 250 2.13 2.37. 2.63 . 2;79 3.04 •3.52 ... 3.74 . · · 3.97 ':', · .. 4.24 .· 4~51
. · .• .
..
200 ·2ss · 2.75 3.00 3.34 .: 3.55 3.85 4.41 4.76 5.02 5.31 · 5.69
225 I 322 3.42 3.74. . 4;17 . 4.38 4.78 .· 5.39 . 5 .. 89·· '5.16 6.45 7.05
1•
250 ·357 .. .4.15 •. 4.55 •. 5.07 5.21 5.76 :6.94 .· . 7.11 7.47 7.77 8.41
275 393. 4.99 5.42 .· 6.02 6.28 6.88. 7.60 8.35 8.86 9.18 9.81
.300 . 429·· 5.87 6.38 7.06 . . 7,37 8.09 . ' 8.94. 9.69 10.3 10.8 11.4.

350 500. 7.90 .8.45 9;38 ' 9.80, . 10.5. .1J.8 12.6 . 13.5. 14.2· 15.0
400 571 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.5 .• •13.4 15.0 •. 16.0 17.0 18.0 · 19.1
450 643 12.8 . i3.6 -: · 14.8 ': 15.5·. 16.7 :18.5 19.7. . 20.1 21.8 23.7
500 714 15.6. 16.6 . 18.0 .· 18.7 . 20.4.•. · · ·22.6·' . 24.0·. 25.1 ., . 26.4 28.5
550 786 18.8 19.8 • . 21.5 .22.3 . 24;3 26.8•·. 28.5 . 29.6 . ·.· 29.9 33.4
..
..
600 857 .. 22;1 23;3· 25.1 . 26.2 28.4· 31.1 .33.2 · . 35_0· 36.2 ..38.8
650 929 25.8 27.2 .:' 29.2 . 30.4. 32.8·· ·as.1 • . 38;5 40.4. 41.B .. 44.7
700 1000. .29.7 .·. 31.2 ·33.5 34.9 37.5 .. · 41.1 .44.2 . 46.3 .· .. 47;9 .· 51.3.
750 1070· 33.9 35.6 . 38;2 39;7 . 42.5 46.7 49.9 ·. 51.8 . 54.0 57.2
58.5. ·..
800 1140 ·38.3' 40.5. 43.2 44.4 47.8 52.7 56.1 60.9. 64.3
.
900 1285 ·. 48.5 50.7. 54.4 55.6 59.3 ,65.4 . 69.1 · 72.8· 74.6 79.9
1000 1430 .: 59.5 62.2 '66.4 ,67.5 72.4. .. 79.3 83.4 . 87.6 91,0 95.9.
1100 1570 . 71.6. 74.8 79.4 B0.8· 86.7 '94,5 . 99.6 104 109 114
1200 1715 84.6 87.9 ' 93.4 95.6 102 .111 .111 . · · 12t .. :. 126 . 133
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Liqu· ds (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Formu a)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1001 t Feet of Pipe
6 Inch (6.065" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-c enti stokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4
I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4
I 162.3
I 216.5
I 325 1 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU vis~ity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 75tj 1000 1500 2000 3000

II
50
75
71.4
107
.62 .14
1.12
1.00
1.51
1.51
2.21
2.52 .1.~s
5. 8
5.04
7.56
'7.57
11.4
10.1 15.1
.92 3.18' 15.2 22.7
100 143 1.23 1.49 2.01 3.03 5.05 r: 5 ' 10.1 '15.1 20.3 30.2
125 178 2.75 1.86 2.51 3.79 6.31' 9.• 5 12.6 '18.9 25.3 37.8
150 214
''
3.75 3.96 3.01 4.54 . ·. .7.58 11 .. r., r1s.1 ; . 22.1. 30.~ •45.4
···-:.

~;~~ ·35.5.
:•:.1·"•:·.
175 250 4.90 5.17. 5.62 5.30 ·8;84 •13 •• il•f7;6 . f'26.~~' ·"!63.0
200
225
250
275
286
322
357
393
'6.10
7.43
8.91
10.6
''
6.51
7.93
9.43
11.1
7.07
8.66
10.4
12.2
8.06
6.82
7.57
13.7
'10.1
-, '11.4'
. 12.B.
·' 73.9
15.
' 17.lf '.
··18. f
20.r~
,::;:20.2
.h:22.7
'. '.:'.25.2
'i~.27.7
: ·:!:
~~.1.;f..
,' 40:5
45.6
50.7
·55.~
·-·80.8
.·i,SIU
.'c15.7
;83;2
··::'·'.
, ~~:... ~

,1 ·f~:~{
i?' :::3o.2'' -,
300 429 12.3 12.9 ' 14.2 '15.9 ':'15.1 22. 60.9 ,,;.90:9'

,
26. •':,,·:. ~:;'35.3
350 500 15.9 17.1 18.3 20.8 '17.7. 11.0 foBf
400 sn 20.1 21.3 23.1 26.2. .: 20.2 30. . · 40.3 . 60.8' 81 •. 1 ·.nr.·
450 643 '24.7 26.0 28.6 31.9 36.9, 34. 1/45.3 •.88~2 91.3 1.3tf '
500 714 30.0 31.3 34.1 28.0 44.2 .' 37. ~..:·~ }'50.4 ·r1B;t.·. 101 1~1x.
Cr 550
600
786
857
35.6
41.5
36.9
43.1
'40.2
46.4
44.6
51.7'
52.1
59.1
41.~
45. 9
,•
'. 55,4
<80.5
'; ',·,:83.3
\.99·~~ . ;
112 ..
122;
·.?·,:·,
·11Jlt-
'· '· ~.

tt;. ·,
650
700
750
929
1000
1070·
47.7
54.1
60.8
50.0
57.0
64.4
53.4
60.8
68.5
59.6
68.6
76.8 ''
69.4
78.8
88.5
49.
88.~
'99.14
t2., :'·"65.5;
·'70.6
''75.6
'-•·985·'
:~~·:~~(:.
132·.··
142:
'7°52'
. '1J}.l~t '
·;·~~~:""
·• .

!~t·, 2~~>·
";.
i 800 1140 68.0 72.1 76.9 85.7 97.8 111 ,·80.6. 182'
900 1285 83.9 88.5 95.2 105 " 120 136 148 '183. .2721:,.
1000 1430 101 106 i15 126 144 163 177 203;\· 30~'"
;.~l\i,_:
I
1100 1570 148 192
:'
'· 120 125 136 171 208 ,:JB7!t' 223.·
,rs,t:· '.
'

1200 1715 .140 146 158 173 200 220 242 243·;,
 I~ lngersoll-l)resser Pumps . ··. ' .. . .. .
. Cameron
.· '
Hydraulic Data . . .

Friction-.LOss for Viscol.Js.Liqllids· (CohtinuedJ-·

. . · . (Based on Darcy's FcJ'rmula) . . . . .. .• .. .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 Feet of Pipe ooo
.
8 . Inch (7.981"
. ·.
inside
. ·.·
dla)
.. ·.
Sch
. . :
.4.. 0 Ne'w
·:. .
Steel Pipe.
,• . : . . .. .

-Kinernattc viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us .Bbl
.6 I 1. 1 1 2.1 1 2.1 . 1 4.3 I 7.4 I 10.3 I 13.1 ·. 1 15.7 I 20.6
gal per Approx·ssu viscosity·
·per hr (42
min gal) .· . 31.5 33. 35 ···:40 . 50 .''
60 70 .: 80 .' 100
150 214 .42 .4i .53 .56
'

.63 .72 .79 .84, ., .96

200 286 '.71 .78 :89 .94 .88
1.05 1.15 1.30 '1.38
250 357 1.07 1.18 1.33' 1.40 '1.45 1.57
.. 1.56 1.77. 1.92 2.04 2.14 '2.30 '•
300 429 .1.50 1.65 1.85 1.94' 2.15 2.43
350 2.65 . 2.8o 2.93 3.15'
500 '2.01 2.19 2.45 2.57 2.81 3.20 3.46 ;j,69. 3.85'
,.
•
.. 4.13
400 571 2.58 2.78 3;12 3~26' '3.58 '• 4.04
', 450 4.37 '4.64 4.83. 5~21
64,3 3.21 '3.48 4.42 .· s.oe
''

'3.85 4.05 5.39 .5.70 · •5_95

500 714 3.94 4.23 ' 4.69 4.90 .5.33: '6.38 '
•' 857 •, 5.98 6.49 '6.82 ·7.18 7.91.·
600 5.54 5.95 6.61 ,· 6.82 7.44 ' 8.27
700 1000 '8.89 .9.48 9.83 '10.6
?.44 7.96 ' 8~71 ' 9.04 .• 9.84' .,
10,9 ,' f1.9 12.4 13.0 .• 13.9
800 '1l40 9.66 10.2 11.l 11.i> ·12.6 '13.9. '14.8· 15-. 8. 16.4 ,, 17.4
900 1285 12~1 · .·•· . . 12.8 . 13:8 '1.4.4 15.5 '17.1
lOOO 1430 14.8 ' 15.6 : · 16.B · '18.4 '19.4 20.2' . 2(5
17.4'. '18.7' 20.B · •·22.2···
1200 1715 21.0 ' 22.0 .· 23.7 24.5 ' 26.4 28.9' 30.7
· .. 23.3,
32.4 ' .
·I· 24.4
33.5 :
26.0
1400' 2000 28:3 . 29.6 ·' 31.B '32.6 .•. 35.6 38~2··. 35.9. •'
'' 40.? 42.6 . ' .· 4.4.3 47.5 .
1600 2285 36.7 38.4. '. 40.6'. 42~1 '. .. 44.5. ·. 51.9
1800 48.7' 54.1 , 56. 1 59;3
2570 46.1 48.0 •' 50.8 52.3 55.4 60.4•
·2000 2860· 64.5 67.0 69.4 '·73.5
. 56.5 · 58 -. 8> 61;9 63.8 67.3 . 73.4 .· ·. 77.7
2200 3140 ,· 67.9 ' 70.2 ' ' 81.1 83.8 88.8 '
74.4 76.3' 80.5 87:5 92.1 . 96.B
2400 3430 80.8 ' 83.0 ··.88.0 90.2.' . 94.7 · . ' 99~6 105
! 103, ·.·· 108 .: i 14 117 123 • '
2600 3710 94.2 97.5 103 105 110 119
2800 125 13.1 135' '142
4000 109 .: 112 118 121 127 · 149'
3000 4285 125··.·. 136' 144 155 163
129 . 135 138 145.·' 155 164
3200 4570 142 .. 156 .. 170' 176. 184'
146 153 162. •.·.· 174 184
3400 ,4860 160 '164 191 197' 208,
172 174 182 .: . 196 206 213 220 232·.
;
 Friction

Friction· Loss tor Viscous Li~uids (Continued)

····-··
(Based on Darcy's Forr nula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1l tOO Feet of Pipe
8 Inch (7.981" inside dia) Sch ~ 0 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosit1 -centistokes

1

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2 I 65.0
I 108.4 I 162.3 I 216.5
I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per ApproxSSU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

E
50 71.4 .21 25 .34 .50 .84 1.26 1.68 2.52 3.38 .5.05
100 143 .41 .50 .67 1.01 1.68 2.52 3.36 5.04 6.76 10.1
150 214 1.03 .75 1.01 1.51 2.52 3.78 5.04 7.56 10.1 15.1.
200 286 1.67 1.76 1.34 2.02 3.37 5.04 6.72 10.1 13.5 20.2
250 ·. 357 2.46 2.60 2.85 2.52 4.21 6.30 8.40 12.B 16.9 25.3

300 429 3.37 3.56 3.69 3.03' 5.05 7.56 ·· 10.1 15.1 20.3 30.3
350 soo 4.39 4.63 5.04 5.69 5.89 8.82 11.8 17.7 23.6 35.3'
400 571 5.54 5.63 6.35 7.18 6.73 10.1 13.5 20.2 .· 27.0 40.4
450 643 6.79 7.16 7.75 8.76. 7.58 11.3 15.1 22.7 30.4 45.4
500 714 8.17 8.56 9.32 . 10.4 8.42 12.6 . 16.8. 25.2 33.8 50;5

550· 786 9.65 10.1 11.0 . 12.3 ·.·. 9.26 . 73.9 18.5 27.8 . 37.2 55.5
600 857 11.2 11.8 12.8 14.3 16.6 15.1 20.2 30.. 3 . 40.5 . 60.6
700 .1000 14.7 15.5 .16.7 18.6 21.7 77.6 . 23.5 35.3 •47.3' .·10.6.
800 1140 18.6 19.4 21.0 . 23.4 27.1 20.1 26.9 40.3 ·54.0 80.7
900 1285 22.9 . 24.0 . 25.9 28.7 ·. 33.1 . 37.4 ·30.2. ·45.4 60.8 90.8

1000 1430 27.4 28.8 31.0 34.4. 39.7 44.9 33.6. 50.4 67:6 101 .:
.1200 1715 37.8 ·39,4. 42.8 47.3 .· ~.3. 60.9 66.4 60.5 81.0 12f
1400 2000 49.7 52.0 56.1 62.0. . 70.6 79.3 . 86.7 70.6 94.5 '. 141
.1600 2285 . 63.2 65.7 70.6 . 78.0 89.3 99.4 108 80.7 108 161 -.
1800 2570 77.9 81.3 86.9 .: 96.2. 110 . '22 132. 150 722 182

2000 2860 93.4 98.0 105 116 132 147 159 180 135 202
2200 3140 111 116 124 137 155 73 186 211 149 222
2400 3430 130 135 145 159. 181 . '01 217 244 266 242
2600 3710 149 155 168 183 208 . : 31 250 279 306 262
2800 4000 J70 . 178 191 210 236 62 283 317 347 282
I~·· lngersoll~Dresser Pumps · . Cameron Hydraulic Data
. '
. . '
. . .
•·•te··
. . . . .

e-.~
. .
.·-~··

Friction Loss.for ,Viscous.-.L-iquids (Continued):

. (Based on Darcy's Formuhi) · .

_.e
Loss in Feet ol Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
1 o Inch (10.02" inside dia} Sch 40 New StE!el Pipe
.
Kinematic vtscostty-e-cerittstokes ..
Flow
I I I I l I I
us
.6 u 2.1 2~7
I 4.3 1.4 10.3 13. 1 1S.7 ' 20.6
tP·
C,
Bbl

-e
gal per Approx·SSU viscoSitY.
per hr (42
min gal)·.·· . 31.5 33 35 40 50 ' 60·· 70' 80 -. - .100

400 571 . 83 ;92 1.03 . 1.09 (19 1.35 1.46-

. ' 1 :55
. 1.63 1.75
. 1.60' '
500 714 '1.27 1.38 1.53 1.78 '2.00 2.16 2.30 2.40 2.59
600 857 1.78 1.91 "
2.14 '2;24 2.47 '2.77 2.98 3.15 '.3.31 '3.54
· 100 1000 .· ,. 2.39 2.55 2.84 2.97' 3.26· '3.62 3.93 '· 4.14 4.32. 4.67

••
800 1140 3.06 3.29 3:63 - .3:79 4.12 4.63 ' 4.99 _5.25 5.46 5.86 .I .... -.!
'

l
900 1285 '3.84 4.12 4.49 4:12 '5.09 5.72 6.1.4 6.46 · 6:14. 7.19
1000 1430 4.68 4.99 ,' , 5.42 · ~L70 6:13 6.90 - 7.36 7.83 0.10· 8.63
1100 . 1570 5.63 5.97 6.49 6.82 - 7~34 8.20 8.76 9.25 9.62 - 10.3
.1200 1715 6.61 7.05 7.63 l-:
7.85 8.65 9.58 10.3 10.8 11.3 11.9
1300 1855. 7.71 .· 8.18 .: 8.85 9.16 9.95 '11.0 .11.8 12.4 '
.13.0 .13.7

ft::
·c~
.: 10.6
''

1400 2000 8.88 · 9.42 10.2 11.4 ' '12.6 13.5. 14.2 ' 14.7 15.7
1500 2140 10. 1 10,8 11,7 >12~0 12.9 ' '' 14.3; 15.3 16.1 ', 16.6' .· 17.8 ! .
1600 2285 11.5 12.2 '13.2 .13.6 ,• 14~6 ·•. 16.0 .17.2 18.1 18.7 20.0
' .1800 2570 14.3 15.1 16.2 16.7 17.9 19:7 '• 20.9 ' 22.1 .. 22.9 24.3
.. •
2000' 2860 17.8 18.6 '19.8 20,6 ,• 21.8. .24.0' 25.s 27.0 28.0 29.5
' '

. fi
1.·
2200 3140 ,· 21.3 -: 22.2
"
23.7
"
24.6 ,
26.1 ,. 28:6' 30 .. 3 '32.1 ·. 31.e····.· 35.0
2400 3430' 25.2 26.3. . 28.0, 28.9 30.7 33.4 35.5 .·.· 37.3 38.9' 41.0
.2600 I• 3710 29.6 .: 30.6 - 32.5. 33.5 '35.6 38.7 , 41.0 42.9 44.8 •... · '47.3
2800 4000 34.1 35.3 '. 37.4 •,' 38.4 40.8 '. 44.5' -
47.1 ''
49.0 51.0. 54.1 .~;:;.
'·'
J;
. 1·'
3000 4285 39.1 '40.2· 42.7 43.5 46.6 50:7. 53.2 55;7 57.7' 61.3
' -
. ~ r .' .. ,,
so.a
'

3500 5000 52.5 54.4 57.4' 58.9 62.3 66.4 70.6 73~6 ' 76.2 i
4000 '5715
4500'. '6430
68.0
86.1 '
70.5
88.6 .:
73.9
.: 92.3
75.9
94.8
79.9
99.2
85.8 ·.
107
90.:!
112
94.2
117 ·.
97.1 ·.
120
102
127 ,. !;t;f· ··'.
106 '109 113 ,· 116 122 •, 130 142 146 153
~··r'· .,.··-·.·'_.·
5000 7145 -. 136
5500 7855 128 '131 136 ', r 139 -. 145 156 '169 ' ' 173 ~!;:
162 • 182 '
.• Friction
•• Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)

••.•
(Based on Darcy•a·For ula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 qoo Feet of Pipe
10 Inch (10.02" inside dia) Sch fO New Steel Pipe

••
\

Kinematic viscosit~-centistokes
Flow
I I I I I I I I I
••..
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.o 108.4 s2.3 216.5 325 435 650
US Bbl

•.
gal per Approx SSU ~cosity
·) per hr(42 ·1----.----.-----i----i----i--+---i~---i.-----.~---.----
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000
•• ..
.30 .
. 150 214 ;25 .40 .61 1.02 1.52 2..03 3.04 4.08 6;09

·'°
. ·:~, 200 286 .58 .54 .81 1.35 2.03 . 2.71 .f.06 S.43 8.12
429 1.15 2.03 6.09

•'.J· .
300 1.22 1.33 1.22 3.(U 4.06 8;15 72.2
• :•I. 400 571 1.83 1.98 2.17 1.62 2.71 4.08 5.41 8.12 10.9 16.2
500 714 2.75 2.91 3.18 3.60 .. 3.39 5.07 ' . tJ:77 .: .10.1 13.6. ·20,,3

.:.
600 857 .· 3.78 3.97 4.34 4.89 .f.06 8.0s .::··8;72 ;:.1.2.2· ·24.4
700 1000 4.94 5.19 5.66 . 6.37 4.74 · 1.10 : .9.47 '•14;2 28.4
• 1
• )
800 1140 6.21 6.55 7.10 7.97 9.31 .8.12 ,f.;::10.8 ';76.2.: 32:5
900 1285 7.66 8.04 8.71 9.76 11.4 9.13 '-::12.2· ·18.3 36;5
1000 1430 9.21 9.61. 10.5 11.7 13.6 :20.3.

··.·~.
'10.1 ''.13~5 40.8
j 1100 1570 10.9 11.4 : 12.3 13.8 16.0 . 18.0 '14.9. .:,22.3. 29~9.
•··\\ 1200 . 1715 12.6 13.4 . 14.4 16.0 18.6··. 21.0 .·-UJ.2 24.:.t'• . 32:6
·+f.6
48.7
1300 1855 14.5 15.4 16.4 18.4 21.2 24.0 ·11.8 . 26:4·· '35;3 52.8
;··~ 1400. 2000 16.6 17.5 18.7 20.9 24.1 ~7.2 .18.9 . 28.4 38.0 56.8
:··1 1500 2140 18.7 . 19.6. 21.2 . 23.6 27.2 30.6
I
33.3 .30.4 ~;8 . 60.9.
• ·q 30.4 . . 37.2
. 1600
- )1 1800
2285
2570
21.0
26.0
21.9
27.3
23.7
29.2
26.3
32.2 37.1
34.1
'4.1.7 45.5
32.4
38.5"
"3.5
48.9.'
tU.9.
:13:1
•.-.I
•
2000 . 2860 31.3 32.7 35.0 38.6 44.4 .49.8 54.4 . . 40..6,, 54..:i: . 81.'2
•• 2200 3140. 37.0 38.6 41.3 . 45.8 52.3 58.8 64.0 ,• 71.9 59.8 89.3
•
.JI 2400. 3430 43 .. 1 45.1 48.3 53.4 60.9 \ 74.2 83.8 65;2 97.4.
I' 168.3
!
2600 3710 49.8 52.1 55.4 51;4 70.0· 178.3 . 85.0 96.2 .10;1 105
2800 4000 56.8 59.2 63.5 70.1 79.7 i88.9 96.1 109 .16.1 114
3000 4285 64.3 66.8 71.8 78.8 .: 89.8 !99.8 . 108 122 133 122
3500 5000 84.9 88.3 . 94.4 103 117. 1tl1 142 159 180 142
4000' 5715 1Q8 112 119 131 149 1s5 178 199 217 162
 . . . .

I~
'

l~gersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

· Friction Loss for Vis~ous.Liquids.(O~ntinued)-·

· . · · · .' · (Based on Darcy's Formula) . .. . .'
Loss in Feet of Liquid .per 1000 Feetof Pipe
·. 12 Inch (11.938" inside dla) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
..
Kinematicvtscosity=-centistokes.
Flow

us Bbl
0.6
I 1.13
I 2.1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13.l ·· 1 15.7
I 20.6
gal per Approx·SSU viscosity
per hr (42 I

min · gai) 31.5 33 35 .'. 40. 50 60 70 . 80 .·• 100 ..

300 429 .21 .24 .27 .28· . :31 ;36 .38 .41 .43 .47
:

:
. 400. 571 .36 .40 .45 .47 .51 .59 .64 .67 .70 ;77 .:
500 .··. 714 .54 .60 ..
.67 .70 ... · .75 : :8(' .95 .99 L03 ·1.12
... 600 857 .76 ...83 .93 ., .98 1.04 1.19 l.30 1.39 . 1.41 1.53
.. · L37· 1.70 .
700. . 1000 .98 .
1.11 1.23 .1.29 l.56 . 1.82 .. 1.84 ·•. 2.00
:·
800 .1140 1.26 1.42 1.57 . 1.64 ' 1.74 1.98. : 2.15 2.30 2.36.·. 2.51
900 1285 . 1.57 1.76 1.94 1.96. : 2.15 2.44. 2~65 2.82 2~94· 3.08
1000 1430 . ·· 1.92 2.07 2.36 2.38 2.61 2.94 3.19 3.40 3.57. .3.70··· .
1200 1715 . 2.73 2.91 3.18 3.32 3.62. ..• ·, 4.07 4.41 ..'4.68 . 4.91 5.08
1400 . 2000 3.67 3.90 4.24 4.41 4.80 5.37 ·. ·5,79 6.14 6.43 6.65
I·.· ..
:
1600 ., 2285 .4.75 5.02 5.43 5.64. 6 .. 12 6.83 7.35 7.78 8.14 .· 8.51
.1800 2570 5.96 .. 6.29 6.77 ·.· 7.02 7.59 8.44 .:.. 9.07 9.59 .·.·10.0 .. : ,_10.6
2000 2860 . 7.32 7.69 8.25 ', 8.54 9.21 : 10.2 ·-11.0 11.6 '12.1. 12.9 -.
2500 3570 .· 1.1.3 ·. 11.8 12.6 13.0 13.9 .. ..... ·15.3·. 16.4 • 17.3 · 18.0 .·· 19.2
3000 4285 16.1 16.8 17.. 7 18.3 .· 19.5 21:4 . 22.8 23.9
1

-, 24.9 . 2g.5
·•·
·.
3500 5000 21.8 I• 22.6 23.8. 24.4 .··26.0 28.3 30.1 31.6 32.9 34.9 ··'
4000 5715 28.3 . .·. 29;2 30.7 31.5 33,3·· . ·36.2 38.4 40.3 '. 41,8 44.3 ·.
..
4500 6430 35.7 36.8 38.5· ·.· 39.4. .. 41.6 . 45.0 .47.7 49.9 51.7 54:8·.
5000 7145 . _44.0 . 45.2 47.1. 48.2 50.7 . 54.7 .57.8 60A ·.62.6 ... 66.2
5500·. 7855 53.1 54.4 56.6. 57.8 · 60.T .: 65.3 68.9· . 71.9 74.4 .: 78.7 .:.·
. . · .
6000 8570 63.0 64.5. 66.9 -, 68:3 ~- 71 .6 76.8 80.9 84.3 92.l · .. ·
6500 9280 1·
73.8 75.4 78.1 79.6 83.3 89.2·· I 93,8 . 97.7 ,g~.2 . 1106 ·.
7000 10000 85.4 87.2 90.1 91.8 95.9- .. 102 108 112 116 122
7500 10700 97.9 99.8 103 105 109 .. 117 122 127 131 ., 138 ..
8000 11400 . 111 113 . 117 119 124 . 132 138 ·.
.)••
.') -~
·Friction Loss for Viscous Liduids (Continueq)
Friction

•.) · (Based on Darcj's For~ula)

· Loss in Feet o·f Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe ·
· · ·

••• 12 Inch (11.938" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

•··•.- .~
Kinematic viscosit) -centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2'
I 65.0
I 108.4 1 ~62.3 I 216.s I 325 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU t.tiscosity

~ per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

E
100 143 .08 . 10 .13 .20 .34 .51 ·;68 1.00 . 1.35 2.00
200 286 .16 .19 .27 .40 .67 1.00 1;37 2.05 2.74 4.01
300 429 .49 .53 .41 .62 1.01 1.51 2.00 3.08 4.11 6.16
400 571 .81 .86 .94 .82 1.34 2.02 2.68 -3.98 5.46 8.21
500 714 1.22 1.25 . 1.37 1.02 1.71 2.50 3.~7 5:01 ·e.84 10.3
600 857 . 1.66 1.71 1.87 2.12 1.97 3.02 4.05 6.03 7.99 .12.3
700 1000 2.15 2.30 2.43 2.75 .2.37 . 3.66 . 4.fi .7.05 9.36 ''l3.9
800 1140 2.70 2.88 3.05 3.45 aea 4.04 5;36 ·8.09 . 10.7 '15~9
900 1285 3.31 3.52 3.74 4.21 4.93 4.44 6;05 9;30 :12.1 18.0
1000 1430 3.97 4.22 4.48. 5.04 5.89 . 5.13 6.84.' 10.0 13.5 . 20.0
..
1200 1715 5.43 5.77 6.33·. 6.88 8.01 .. 5.91 7~89 ::t2.1 . 16.2 . '24,;1
1400 2000 7.10 7.53 . 8.24 8.96 10.4 11.8 9~47 '14.6 18.9 '28.2
1600 2285 8.96 9.48 10.4 11.3 . 13.1 14.8 10.s 16.2 . 21;7 -. 32.4.
1800 2570 11.0 11.6 12.7 13.B . 16.0 18.0 19.7 17.7. 24.2 36.5
2000 2860 ·13.2 14.0 15.2 i6.6 -. . 19.1 . 21.5 23.6 20.5 27.4 .40,1

2500 3570 19.6 20.6 22.4 25.3 28.0 31.5 34.3 25.7 34.2 51.3
3000 4285 27.2 28.4 30.8 . 34.6 38.4 43.0 46.8 53.1 41.1 61.6
3500. 5000 36.2 37.3 40.3 45.2. . 50.2 56.0 . 60.9 68.8 47.9 71.9
4000 5715 '43.4 47.3 51.0 57.0 63.2. 70.5 76.5 86.3 94.5 82.1
4500 . 6430 57.6 50:3 62.8 69.9 77.6 86.4 93.6 105 115 92.4

5000 7145 69.8 70.3 75.6 84.1 . 93.3 04 112 126 . 138 103
5500 7855 82.8 83.6 89,5 99.4 110 • 22 132 148 162 183
6000 8570 96.8 98.2 104 116 128 42 154 172 188 . 212
6500 . 9280 112 114 . 120 133 148 64 176 197 215 243.
'152
·'
7000 10000 128 131 137 174 86 201 224 244 275
. . . · Il 1ngersoll Dresser Punips . Cameron Hydraulic Data
0

·-..··
• • ••

Friction-Loss for .Viscous.-Liquids-(ContilluedJ •.

• •• •
.·e•
(Based on Darcy's Formula) · •

Loss in Feet ot Liquid per 1000 feet of Pipe

!
·e..:
14 Inch (13.124" inside dia)-Sch40.New SteelPipe
.
Kinematic viscosity-e-centistokes
Flow
I I 1 I ·· 10.3 I
.<--
us
.·
Bbl
0.6 1.13 .
I 2.1 2.1 I 4.3 7.4 13. i
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal per · Approj SSU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 31.5 33 35 40 . 50 60 70 80 ioo
. 400· 571 .22 ;25 .28 .30 .32 .37 . .41' .43 AS .49
500 714 .34 .38 .42 .45 .48 .55 · .. 61· .62' .66 .72

.,
·· .
600 857 .48 .52 .59 .62 . 66 .-76 .. 83 . . 87 .. 90 .98
700 1000 .63 .70 .. 78 .81 . 87. .99 . 1.09 .·. 1.16 1.18 1.28
BOO , 140 .81 .89 .99 1.04-- 1.10· 1.26 1~37 1.47 1.49 1.61 ~;
900 1285 .98 1.11 1;23' 1.28 ..
; 1.36 · ·-1.55. 1.69 1.80 . 1.85 1.97
.'
1000 1430 1.20 1.34 1.49 1.55. .· .1.65 1.87. 2.03'· 2.16 2.25 2.36.
1.200 1715 1.69 . 1.82 . 2.07 2.09 2.29 2.58 2.80 2.98 3.13 3.24
1400 2000 2.27 2.43 2.66 2.77. 3.03 3.40 3.68. .3.91 ·.4.09 4.23
-".-C'
·~·:;
:
· 1600 2285 2.94 3:13 . ·. 3.40 3~55. 3.86 4.32 . 4.66 . 4.94 5,18. 5.37 .:

rsoo · .2570 3.69 . 3.91 : 4.24 4.41 - 4.78 5.34 . 5.75

-.
6.09 6.37 ·. 6.67.
._,, .' ... ,_.'·'.
__
'4.52 4.78 ·. 5.16 5.36 . 5.80 6.46 . .·s.94 7.35 .7.68 .. s.rr
;
2000 2860 •,&<

.2500
'3000
3500
' 3570 ·''
4285
.5000
6.97.
9.94
13.4 '
7.32
. 10.4·
14.0
.: 7.84
•. 11.1 .,
1,4.8
8;11
11.4 '
15.3~
I· . 8.73
• 12.2_.· -.
'16.3
9.67

17.8
10.4.
13.5 ' -. 14.4
19.0
10.9
15.2
20.0 .
-,
11 .4,
15~8
· 20.8··
~~I
:·22.2 . ·. . ~.~~.~
·-c.. ·, :
'
. ...
..

4000 5715 17.5 18.1 19.1 19~6 '20.9 '22.8 24.2 25.5 " 26.5 28.1 .'
4500 6430 22.0 .22.7 . 23.9' 24.5 26.0 28.3 30.0· 31.5' .. 32.7 •,·
34.7
,t
: it!!
-.:
5000 7145 27.0 ·. 27.9 29.2 "
30.0 31.7. 34.4 ~6.4 38.1·· 39.6-· ', 41.9. -'~· ~- .
5500 .7855 32.6 33.6 35.1 ·'35.9 '37.9 41.0 43.4' 45.4 47.0 : 49.8 . }~ '
6000 8570 38.7 40.0. 41.5 42.4 ,44.6 48.2:: 50.9 53.2 55.0 '58.2 . -.
. ~- ·._. __·.... _, _·_._,.·1.

"
',
Y?
... ·•.'
-
.,
. ',..::.
6500 9280 '45.3 46.5 48.4 ' .49A 51.9 55.9 '58.9 61.5 . 63.7 67.3
7000 10000 52.5 53.7 55.8 •. · 57.0 '59.7' '64.1 _67.6 . ' .· 70.5 72.~ 76.9 .;·¥;z --