Rectification- caRtesian
fYBtecH seM-ii
MoDULe-4
RECTIFICATION
Here, we shall be concerned with the
determination of the length of arcs of plane
curves whose equations are given in
Cartesian, parametric or polar forms.
The process is known as rectification.
Hence Rectification means finding the length
of the curve between two given points.
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 2
LENGTH OF THE ARC OF A CURVE GIVEN IN CARTESIAN FORM:
(i) Length of the arc of a curve given by
is
(ii) Length of the arc of a curve given by
is
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 3
1) Find the total length of the curve
The curve is called four cusped hypocycloid or asteroid.
Its shape is shown in fig
⁄ ⁄
Differentiating the given equation
⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄
If is the length of the arc from to then
⁄
⁄
⁄ ⁄
⁄ ⁄
⁄
⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄
The total length of the curve
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 4
2) Find the length of the arc of from
The required arc
Now, put
When when
For the first integral put
When when
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 5
2) Find the length of the arc of from
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 6
3) Find the length of the parabola which lies inside the circle
The circle can be written as 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 9 i.e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 =3 .
Hence, its centre is 0, 3 and radius 3.
The parabola 𝑥 = 6𝑦 is symmetrical about the 𝑦 −axis
The two curves intersect where 4𝑦 + 𝑦 = 6𝑦 ∵ 𝑥 = 4𝑦
∴ 𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 0 ∴𝑦 𝑦−2 =0
∴ 𝑦 = 0 or 2
When 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 0 and when 𝑦 = 2, 𝑥 = ±2 2 ∵ 𝑥 = ±2 𝑦
Since, 𝑦 = , =
∴ Required length = 2 ∫ 1+ 𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ 1+ 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 + 4 + log 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4
= 2 12 + 2 log 2 2 + 12 − 2 log 2
= 2 6 + log 2 + 3
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 7
4) Show that the length of the parabola from the vertex to the end of the latus
rectum is . Find the length of arc cut off by the line
Let be end point of latus rectum
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 8
4) Show that the length of the parabola from the vertex to the end of the latus
rectum is . Find the length of arc cut off by the line
Second Part:
To find point of intersection of line 3𝑦 = 8𝑥 and parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥
Put 4𝑥 = in 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 we get 𝑦 = 𝑎
∴ 2𝑦 = 3𝑎𝑦 ∴ 2𝑦 − 3𝑎𝑦 = 0
∴ 𝑦 2𝑦 − 3𝑎 = 0 ∴ 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 =
When y = 0, 𝑥 = 0 ; When 𝑦 = , 𝑥 = = =
Length of arc cut off by the line 3𝑦 = 8𝑥
⁄
=∫ 1+ 𝑑𝑥
⁄
= 𝑦 + 4𝑎 + log 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 4𝑎 (from first part)
= + 4𝑎 + log + + 4𝑎 −0− log 0 + 2𝑎
= + 2𝑎 log 4𝑎 − 2𝑎 log 2𝑎
= + 2𝑎 log 2
= + 𝑎 log 2
=𝑎 + log 2
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 9
5) Find the length of the loop of the curve
The length of the loop is given by
𝑠 = 2∫ 1 + 𝑑𝑥
Now differentiating the given function
6𝑎𝑦 = 𝑥−𝑎 +𝑥 2 𝑥−𝑎
= 𝑥 − 𝑎 3𝑥 − 𝑎
∴ =
= =
∴1+ = 1+ =
∴𝑠 = 2∫ 1+ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥
⁄ ⁄
∴𝑠 = 3 ⁄
+𝑎 ⁄
⁄ ⁄
= 2𝑎 + 2𝑎 = 𝑎
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 10
6) Find the total length of the loop of the curve
If 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = −7 or 𝑥 = −4, the loop intersects the 𝑥 −axis at 𝑥 = −7 and at 𝑥 = −4
If 𝑠 is the total length of the loop
𝑠 = 2∫ 1+ 𝑑𝑥
Now, 18𝑦 = 𝑥+7 2 𝑥+4 + 𝑥+4
∴ = =
∴1+ = 1+
=1+
= =
∴𝑠 = 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑥 + 7 = 𝑡
= 2∫ 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∫ 𝑡 + 1 𝑑𝑡
=2 +𝑡
=2 3+ 3 = 4 3
June 13, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 11
