Summary of Chapter 12
Practice Problems
Chapter 12. Double and Triple Integrals
12.1 The Double Integral over a Rectangle
Let f = f(x, y) be continuous on the Rectangle R: a < x < b, c < y < d.
The double integral of f over R= where
( ) is a sample point in .
Notation: double integral of f over R= I f ( x, y)dxdy
Note: Area element = dA = dx dy
Let Ω be an arbitrary closed bounded region in the plane. Then
f ( x, y)dxdy F ( x, y)dxdy
Where R is a rectangle that contains Ω, and F(x, y) = f(x, y) on Ω
and F(x, y) = 0 on R− Ω.
The double integral f ( x, y)dxdy F ( x, y )dxdy gives the volume of
the solid bounded below by Ω and above by .
The physical meaning of the integral is the area of the
region over which the integration is done.
Repeated/Iterated Integrals
Complexity of double integrals comes from two sources:
1. Function
2. Region
Type I Type II
Practice Examples
Example1. Find the area of the region enclosed by and
Example2. Evaluate the integral over the region
.
Example3. Evaluate the integral over the region
.
Example4. Evaluate the integral over the region
.
Example5. Evaluate the integral over the region
Example6. Find the volume under the paraboloid
within the cylinder
Example7. Evaluate the integral over the region which is
bounded between and
Example8. Sketch the region that gives rise to the repeated integral
and change the order of integration.
Example9. Evaluate by changing the order of
integration.
Example10. Calculate by double integration the area of the bounded
region determined by the given pair of curves.
Example11. Find the volume of the solid bounded by the coordinate
planes and the plane
Example12. The given integral is equal to
a.
b.
c. +
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Example13. The given integral is equal to
a.
b. +
c.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
12.3 Double integrals and Polar coordinates
How to find the area of the region ?
Single Integral:
Double Integral:
Area Element:
When to use polar coordinates for integration?
Watch out for Signal:
Integrating over the unit disk or a part of the unit disk.
Integrand involves
Practice Problems
Example1. Use Double integral to find the area of one leaf of
the petal curve (HINT: Sketch the curve in
rectangular coordinates by plotting some angles. You will get a
flower with three petals(leaves).)
Example2. Evaluate
Example3. Calculate by changing to polar coordinates.
Example4. Use polar coordinates to evaluate the integral
over unit disk.
Example5. Calculate by changing to polar coordinates.
Example6. Find the volume of the solid bounded below by the
paraboloid and above by the paraboloid
12.5 Triple Integrals
Take a function of three variables continuous on some
portion T of three-space.
Integral over a box:
Partition each edge of the box, B:
The triple integral of f over B= where
( ) is a sample point in .
Notation: Triple integral of f over B=
Note: Volume element = dV = dx dy dz
Triple integral over a more general solid
Where F(x, y, z) = f(x, y, z) for points on the domain
on the points inside the box
B but outside the domain
Remember:
Positivity: When then
Volume of
Order: If then
is greater than
.
Linearity:
=
Repeated Triple Integrals
Reduction to a repeated integral
1. Type I: a x b 1 x y 2 x 1 x, y z 2 x, y
2. Type II: c y d 1 y x 2 y 1 x, y z 2 x, y
3. Type III:
4. ……
5. ……
6. ……
There are six possible types!
Practice Problems
Example1. Compare to where
.
Example2. Evaluate
Example3. Find the volume of the box where 2 x 4,1y 6, 0 z
2 using triple integrals.
Example4. Calculate the triple integral where T is the
tetrahedron in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes and the
plane
Example5. Find the volume of the solid bounded above by the cylindrical
surface , below by the plane , and on the sides by the
planes and .
Example6. Find the volume of the solid bounded above by the plane
, below by the x, y-plane, and on the sides by and .
Example7. Integrate over the solid S in the first octant
bounded above by the paraboloid – , below by the xy-plane,
and on the sides by the planes and
Example8.Find the volume of the solid bounded above by the
hemisphere – – and below by the cone
Example9. Find the volume of the solid bounded above by the plane ,
below by the xy-plane, and on the sides by and .
16. 8 Cylindrical coordinates
This coordinate system is used for a point P(x, y, z) in a space
where polar is used for x, y coordinates and z is kept as it is.
( x, y , z ) ( r , , z )
where
x r cos r 2 x2 y 2
y
y r sin tan
x
zz zz
f ( x, y, z )dxdydz F (r , , z )rdrd dz
where
F (r , , z ) f (r cos , r sin , z )
Watch out for same signals as for polar coordinates!
b) Evaluate the Integral:
c) Interpret the Result:
Example5. Integrate over the solid S
bounded above by the paraboloid – , below by
the xy-plane, and on the sides by the planes and
(in the first octant.)
Spherical Coordinates
This is another coordinate representation of a point P(x, y, z) in
space.
( x, y, z) ( , , ) where
Triple integral:
What are they useful for? When are they useful?
1. Find the spherical coordinates of the points with rectangular
coordinates .
2. Find the rectangular coordinates of the point with spherical
coordinates .
3. Interpret geometrically.
5. The volume of a solid T is given by an integral in spherical
coordinates. Sketch T and evaluate the integral.
