PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN

AEROANGKASA
TEST ESA 211/2 – ENGINEERING LAB 1 [Time: 1 hour and 05 minutes]

Test 1 _Online

MECHANICS OF MATERIAL I (Tensile and Torsion Test)

1. The shear strength of a metal is usually _____________ its tensile strength.

A) Greater than
B) Less than
C) Similar to
D) Higher than
2. Which one of the following types of stress strain relationship best describes the behaviour
of most metals at room temperature?
A) Elastic and perfectly plastic
B) Elastic and strain hardening
C) Perfectly elastic
D) None of the above
3. A typical stress strain curves of two materials are shown below.

Graph A Graph B

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 Choose statements that best describe Graph B?
i. exhibits little or no yielding before failure
ii. subjected to large strains before it rapture
iii. if over loaded will exhibit large deformation before failing
iv. capable of absorbing shock or energy
v. do not have a yield point, and do not strain harden

A) i and iv
B) ii, iii and iv
C) i and v
D) i, iii and v
4. What is the main objective of torsion test?
A) To obtain the ultimate tensile strength of a material
B) To obtain the shear modulus of a material
C) To obtain the stiffness of a material
D) To obtain the angle of twist of a material
5. Which statement is FALSE to determine the elastic modulus of a substance?
A) The slope of the graph is calculated at the linear part (linear).
B) The slope is determine based on the force-extension graph.
C) Stress-strain ratio determine in proportion to the limit.
D) Stress-strain graphs obey Hooke’s Law.

MANUFACTURING (Fabrication Test)

6. This is the term for the range of tightness or looseness resulting from the allowances and
tolerances in mating parts:
A) Limits
B) Fit
C) Specifications
D) Allowance

7. This practice considers an individual part’s dimensions and tolerances and that part’s relation
to its related parts:

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 A) Applying tolerances
B) Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
C) Creating datum references
D) Angular dimensioning tolerances

8. B

9. D

10. D

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MECHANICS OF MATERIAL II (Hardness and Metallurgy)

11. When machining materials, the cutting tool should be harder than the workpiece.
A) True.
B) False.
12. In the Material Engineering (Metallurgy) experiment, what did you observed?
a. Increase in hardness with an increase in grain size.
b. Decrease in hardness with a decrease in grain size.
c. Increase in hardness with a decrease in grain size.
d. No noticeable relationship between hardness and grain size.
13. In the Material Engineering (Metallurgy) experiment, etchings were done with
a. FeCl2 + HCl + Alcohol for Steel
b. Nitric Acid + Alcohol for Steel
c. Nitric Acid + Alcohol for Brass
d. Nitric Acid + HCl + Alcohol for Copper
14. The Brinell hardness number can be correlated with Rockwell and Vickers hardness numbers.
a. True.
b. False.

15. The constant proportionality, KB for steel to be used with Brinell hardness number to estimate
ultimate strength in unit psi is
a. 400
b. 500
c. 550
d. 800

MECHANICS OF MATERIAL III (Bending Test)

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16. Which of these explanations correctly describe Elastic Modulus:
A) The greater the modulus the stiffer the material.
B) The smaller the modulus the stiffer the material.
C) The greater the modulus the less stiffer the material.
D) Modulus does not affect stiffness of a material
17. Which of these equations is the correct formula for Second moment of area for a rectangular
cross-section surface as done in the experiment?
𝑏ℎ 3
a. 𝐼 = 12
𝑏ℎ 3
b. 𝐼 = 36
𝑏ℎ 2
c. 𝐼 = 12
𝑏ℎ 2
d. 𝐼 =
36

18. Which of the options below will complete the formula of the deflection (𝛿) as follows?
𝐴𝐵𝑐
𝛿=
𝐷𝐸𝐹

a. A = W, B=l, C = 3, D = 48, E = E, F = I
b. A= l , B = W, C = 3, D = 48, E=I, F=E
c. A = 48, B = l, C = 3, D =48, E = E, F = I
d. A= 48, B = W, C = 3, D =l, E = I, F = E
19. Please select which is the correct explanation for table below?

Modulus of elasticity
Metal Alloy Gpa 𝟏𝟎𝟔 psi
Aluminum 69 10
Brass 97 14
Copper 110 16

a. Copper is stiffer than Brass.

b. Brass is stiffer than copper.
c. Aluminum and Brass is stiffer than Copper.
d. Copper and Aluminum is stiffer than brass.
20. What is the objective of Beam Deflection Test?
a. To measure the deflection of the beam and to determine the elastic modulus.
b. To measure the shear modulus and the modulus of rigidity.
c. To examine the nature of the transition to brittle behavior in mild steel and aluminum as a
function of temperature.
d. To examine the relationship between metal microstructure and its hardness.

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FLUID MECHANICS I (Flow Measurement Apparatus and Characteristic of Fluid)

Figure 1 : Schematic drawing of flow measurement appratus

21. Name the flow measurement apparatus labeled as (17) and (18) in Figure 1.
A) Diffuser and Orifice
B) Orifice and Rotameter
C) Venturi and Orifice
D) Rotameter and Venturi

22. What is the principle of operation for rotameter, venture and orifice meter?
A) Archimedes
B) Bernoulli
C) Euler
D) Newton

23. Why cross-section along the rotameter needs to change?

A) To ensure that the pressure remains constant at different velocities
B) To ensure that the pressure remains constant at different flow rates
C) To ensure that the flow rate remains constant at different velocities
D) To ensure that the velocity is constant at different flow rates

24. Choose the correct viscosity of the fluid composition (in theory).
A) Engine Oil > Glycerol Oil > Corn Oil
B) Corn Oil > Engine Oil > Glycerol Oil
C) Glycerol Oil > Engine Oil > Corn Oil
D) Glycerol Oil > Corn Oil > Engine Oil

25. What is the main principle of operation for capillarity experiment?

A) Space and continuum

B) Gravitational force
C) Surface tension
D) Newton’s laws

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FLUID MECHANICS II (Losses In Pipe System)
26. Which of the following are factors that contributed to head loss?
i. Viscous resistance extending throughout the total length of the circuit.
ii. Sudden changes in area of the flow.
iii. Surface roughness of the internal surface of the piping system.
iv. Localized effects such as valves and bends.
A. i, ii and iii.
B. ii, iii and iv.
C. i, ii, iii and iv.
D. i, iii and iv.
27. The head loss along a length, L of a straight pipe of constant diameter, d is given by the
expression:

𝐿(𝑉1 − 𝑉2 )2
A) ℎ𝐿 = 2𝑔𝑑
2𝑓𝐿𝑉 2
B) ℎ𝐿 = 𝑔𝑑
𝐾𝐵 𝐿𝑉 2
C) ℎ𝐿 = 𝑔𝑑
𝑃
D) ℎ𝐿 = 𝑍 + 𝑃1 − 𝜌𝑔2

28. What are the relationship between head loss, hL and volumetric flow rate, Q?
A) Log hL is directly proportional to log Q.
B) Log hL is inversely proportional to log Q.
C) Log hL is directly proportional to log Q2.5.
D) hL is inversely proportional to Qn.

29. Any discrepancies between actual experimental and theoretical results may be attributed by the
following factors EXCEPT:
A) Relatively small physical scale of the pipe work.
B) Relatively small pressure differences in some cases.
C) Low Reynolds Numbers.
D) Relatively small density differences in the moving fluid.

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 30. Which of the statement below is FALSE?
A) Head loss can be defined as the additional height that the fluid needs to be raised by a pump
in order to overcome the frictional losses in the pipe.
B) There are generally two main categories of head loss; major loss (energy loss due to the
formation of eddies at bends, fittings, valves and other components) and minor loss (energy
loss per length of pipe due to viscosity of the fluid and friction along the walls of the tube).
C) The calculated head loss that occurs in a pipe system may differ with the actual head loss
that occurs due to mutual interference between neighboring components that are not taken
into consideration.
D) The head loss obtained from the calculation of head loss due to a bend is not the total loss
caused by the bend but the excess loss above that which would be caused by a straight pipe
equal in length to the length of the pipe axis.

1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

31. In this experiment, we were having an experiment about an open system. What is the definition
of an open system?
A) A system where mass and energy are transferred in or out of the system
B) A system where only mass are transferred in or out of the system
C) A system where neither mass nor energy are transferred in or out of the system
D) A system where only energy are transferred in or out of the system

32. 125.6 kJ of heat are supplied to 5.00 x 102 g of water at 22ºC. Neglecting work done to the system
and assuming no changes in kinetic and potential energies, calculate the final temperature of the
water? (Given: Cp for water is 4.187 kJ/kgK).

A) 90ºC
B) 87ºC
C) 82ºC
D) 70ºC

33. A 0.4 kg Aluminium tea kettle contains 2.00kg of water at 15.0ºC. How much total heat is required
to raise the temperature of the water and kettle to 100ºC? Assume there is no work done and no
changes to the kinetic and potential energies (Given: Cp for water is 4.187 kJ/kgºK, and Cp for
Aluminum is 0.9 kJ/kgK)

A) 800kJ
B) 743 kJ
C) 30.6 kJ
D) 712 kJ

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 34. 2 litres of water is poured into the kettle at room temperature, 25ºC. Time to heat up the water
until boil is 20 minutes. The water is evaporated until the final mass recorded is 0.5 kg. Time taken
for the water to evaporate until the final mass is 30 minutes. Electrical consumption of the electric
kettle is 2550 W. Using the equation given in your manual, find the efficiency of the kettle.
Consider specific heat capacity, Cp and latent heat of vaporisation, hfg of the water as 4.187 kJ/kgK
and 2257 kJ/kg respectively.

A) 16.7
B) 32
C) 3.2
D) 1.67

35. In the experiment, what can you observe on the mass of water throughout the process.
A) The changes in mass is small and negligible
B) As the water evaporates, increasing in its mass is observed
C) As the water evaporates, rapid reduction in its mass is observed
D) No changes in mass of the water are observed

ELECTRIC CIRCUITRY

[Link] carbon composition resistor is a common type of component that is widely used in electricalc
ircuitry. The nominal resistance value of a resistor is specified by color codes bands on its
cylindrical body as shown in Figure 1. In the experiment, given a resistor with color bands as
below:
• Yellow – (B) Violet – (C) Red – (D) Gold
• Resistor Color Code Values :
Yellow = 4
Violet = 7
Red = 2 or (x 100)
Gold = 5 %

Hence, a resistor value could be specified as:

i. Value of a resistor determined by first three color bands (A,B &C)
ii. The nominal value of this resistor is 4700 Ohm at 5% deviation tolerance.
iii. The 4th color bands (D) of a resistor is to determine the allowable tolerance of a
resistor.

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 iv. The nominal value of this resistor is 472 Ohm at 5% deviation tolerance.
v. The ‘C’ color band is multiplication factor

From the above statements, which combination is the most correct?

A) i and ii.
B) i, ii and iii.
C) ii, iii and v.
D) i, ii, iii and v.
37.
A Multimeter is an apparatus that has a capability to measure two and more electrical and

electronics parameters in DC circuit experiment.

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 In the Serial Circuit experiment:

i. A Digital Multimeter supplied in this experiment has capabilities to measure Resistance (Ohm
), DC‐AC Voltage (V) and DC‐AC Current (I)
ii. To measure a total current in Circuit 1 (Figure 3), connect the probe A to (+) terminal and pro
be B to (‐) terminal of Vsupply.
iii. To measure a battery voltage in this circuit, change the Multimeter selector to V‐
DC, then connect the probe A to (‐) terminal and probe B to (+) terminal of Vsupply.
iv. Total resistance in that circuit is 16.2 KΩ

From the above statements, which combination is appropriate to describe the experiment?
A) i and ii
B) i, iii and iv
C) ii and iii
D) i, ii and iii
38. Using the Ohm’s Law, calculate the total amount of current, I , in the Circuit 2

A) 0.01 A
B) 40 mA
C) 120 mA
D) 12 mA

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 39.

Describe the correct method to measure Thevenin’s equivalent resistance (RTH)

A) Remove the load, RL. Connect a Voltmeter to terminal A and B.

B) Remove R2 and R3, then short circuiting terminal A and B. Connect a Resistance
meter to Vs terminal (+) and (‐).
C) Remove the load, RL, then short circuiting the voltage source, Vs. Connect a
Resistance meter to terminal A and B.
D) Short circuiting all current source

40. The value of measured current (I) in an experimental circuits has slightly difference with
theoretical calculation due to:
i. Human error in measurement process
ii. Parallax error using analog multimeter
iii. Resistor value tolerance
iv. Internal resistance in circuit wiring

From the above statements, which combination is the best described?

A) ii, iii and iv

B) i, ii and iv
C) i, ii and iii
D) i, ii, iii and iv

ooooooooooOoooooooooo

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