MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS1
Prof .H.M.Shoja
By KH.Gholizadeh
Sharif University of Technology
Chapter 1
Stress-Axial Loads
Stress: the intensity of force per unit area
Normal stress:
• Shear stress:
• Normal stress(bearing stress):Bolts and pins create stresses on the
points of contact or bearing surfaces of the members they connect.
force 𝑃 𝑃
• 𝜎𝑏 = = =
projected area in the vertical plane 𝐴𝑏 𝑡𝑑
• Example 1:The beam of figure is subjected to the load of 450 KN. Determine the reactions at
A, B and D. Also, obtain the proper cross-sectional areas for the members AC, BC and CE.(the
allowable tensile and compressive stresses are 140 N/mm2 and 70 N/mm2 respectively)
• the reactions at A, B and D
• the cross-sectional areas of the members AC, BC and CE
• Example 2:Consider the structure of figure which is subjected to the load of 50
kN. The cross-sectional area of all the members is 0.2 x 0.2 m2. The ultimate
shearing stress of the wood is 3.5 N/m2 and the safety factor is 5. Determine the
distances a and b in the truss.
• Structure is detached from supports and the loads and reaction forces
are indicated
• The reaction forces
• Example 3:The pier is made of material having a specific weight g. If it has a
square cross section, determine its width w as a function of z so that the average
normal stress in the pier remains constant. The pier supports a constant load P at
its top where its width is w1.
• Solution:
• Assume constant stress 𝜎1 ,then at the top,
𝑃
• 𝜎1 = (1)
𝑤12
• For an increase in z the area must increase,
𝑑𝑊 𝛾𝐴 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝐴 𝛾
• 𝑑𝐴 = = 𝜎 or = 𝑑𝑧
𝜎1 1 𝐴 𝜎1
𝐴 𝑑𝐴 𝛾 𝑧 𝐴 𝛾
• 𝐴 = → 𝑧𝑑 ln 𝐴 = 𝜎 z
1 𝐴 𝜎1 0 1 1
𝛾
𝑧
• 𝐴 = 𝐴1 𝑒 𝜎1
• 𝐴 = 𝑤2
• 𝐴1 = 𝑤12
𝛾
𝑧
• 𝑤 = 𝑤1 𝑒 2𝜎1
• From Eq. 1
𝑤21𝛾 𝑧
2𝑝
• 𝑤 = 𝑤1 𝑒 Ans
• Example 4:
• Solution:
𝜋 1 2
• 𝐹𝐴𝐵,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝐴𝐵 = 6 = 1.178 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
4 2
𝜋 5 2
• 𝐹𝐶𝐷,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 6 = 1.841 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
4 8
• σ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 → −𝐹𝐴𝐵 60 + 𝑃 60 − 𝑥𝐸 = 0 →
• → 𝑥𝐸 = 24.7 𝑖𝑛
• σ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 → 𝐹𝐶𝐷 60 − 𝑃 𝑥𝐹 = 0 → 𝑥𝐹 = 24.7 𝑖𝑛
• Example 5:
• Solution:
• Determine the stress distributions in the connection
