Evolution and Signi cance of the Schedules in the Indian Constitution
• Originally: Encompassed eight schedules addressing various matters.
◦ Allocation of Rajya Sabha seats
◦ Recognition of languages
• Evolution: Expanded over time to twelve schedules.
• Importance: Re ects India’s commitment to a robust and adaptive democracy.
◦ Instrumental in sustaining foundational ideals while ensuring governance remains
relevant and effective.
Certainly! Here is a detailed summary of the information provided about each Schedule of the
Indian Constitution:
1. First Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Names of states and their territoscrial jurisdictions, Names of
Union territories and their extent.
◦ Related Articles: Articles 1 and 4
2. Second Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Provisions related to emoluments, allowances, privileges of:
▪ President of India
▪ Governors of states
▪ Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies in
states
▪ Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
▪ Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Councils of states
▪ Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts
▪ Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
◦ Related Articles: Articles 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221
(Note: No provision for Chairman of UPSC, ECI, AGI)
3. Third Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Form of oaths and af rmations for:
▪ Ministers of Union and states
▪ Members of Parliament and State Legislatures
▪ Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts
▪ CAG of India
◦ Related Articles: Articles 75, 99, 124, 148, 164, 188, 219
(NOTE: No oath for
President, Governor ,Member of Election Commission and other Bodies
like NCSC,NCST etc and Attorney General in Third Schedule)
4. Fourth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to states and Union
territories.
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◦ Related Articles: Articles 4, 80
5. Fifth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled
Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
◦ Related Articles: Article 244
6. Sixth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in Assam,
Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
◦ Related Articles: Articles 244, 275
7. Seventh Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Division of powers between Union and States in terms of:
▪ Union List (currently 100 subjects)
▪ State List (currently 61 subjects)
▪ Concurrent List (currently 52 subjects)
▪ Residual powers vested in Parliament
◦ Related Articles: Article 246
8. Eighth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Languages recognized by the Constitution.
◦ Currently includes: 22 languages
◦ Related Articles: Articles 344, 351
Amendments:
• 21st Amendment (1967): Included Sindhi
• 71st Amendment (1992): Added Konkani, Manipuri (Meitei), and Nepali
• 92nd Amendment (2003): Added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, and Maithili
Current Status: Demands for inclusion of 39 more languages in the Eighth Schedule (as per
Ministry of Home Affairs data).
9. Ninth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Laws related to land reforms and abolition of zamindari system.
◦ Provides immunity to laws: Included in this schedule from judicial review.
◦ Related Articles: Article 31B
Legal Protections and Judicial Review
• Land Reforms and Zamindari System:
◦ Enacted by state legislatures
◦ Eradication of the zamindari system
• Introduction:
◦ By Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru through the 1st Amendment in 1951
• Purpose:
◦ To protect the laws included in the Schedules from judicial scrutiny on the ground of
violation of fundamental rights
• Supreme Court Ruling (2007):
◦ Laws included in the Schedules after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review
as part of the Basic Structure of the Constitution
10. Tenth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Provisions related to disquali cation on grounds of defection
(Anti-Defection Law). 52nd c.a.a
◦ Related Articles: Articles 102, 191
11. Eleventh Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats.
◦ Added by: 73rd Amendment Act, 1992
◦ Related Article: Article 243G
Note: National Panchayati Raj Day is observed on April 24th.)
12. Twelfth Schedule:
◦ Subject Matters: Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities.
◦ Added by: 74th Amendment Act, 1992
◦ Related Article: Article 243W
These schedules cover a wide range of subjects crucial to governance, administration, and rights in
India, ensuring clarity and structure within the constitutional framework.
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