m

a'a
M i
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
om
87
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c
an
to
Zt
J 7e
z
(8
R
ith
s
ng
lo
be
F
PD
is
Th

1|English With Rani Ma’am

W
h
lis g
En
 m
a'a
M i
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
om
87
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c
an
to
Zt
J 7e
z
(8
R
ith
s
ng
lo
be
F
PD
is
Th

2|English With Rani Ma’am

W
h
lis g
En
 60 IMPORTANT RULES OF GRAMMAR 4. Nothing but some students was

m
Th
Rule 1: present.

is
PD
F
be
The subjects Everybody / Everything / Ans: - Replace “nothing” with “nobody”

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
Nobody / Nothing / Somebody / because some students person है और

J
7e
z
(8
87

M
Something / Anybody / Anything are

26
person को indicate करने के लए nobody

74
40
1@
singular. Hence, they take singular

gm
का use करगे।

ai
l.c

i om
verb.

an
,8
87
26
Ex: 5. Something is / are missing.

74
40
1)
1. Everybody is / are ready to do his /
R Ans :- is

their work. 6. Some things is / are missing.

ith

Ans: is & his Ans :- are

2. Anybody can do the work if they try 7. Everybody who wants / want cake
W

/ he tries. should pass his plate.

Ans :- Replace “they try” with “he tries” Ans :- wants

h

because anybody is singular 8. Everyone section of (1) / the society

lis

3. Nothing but some books was / were is feeling (2) / the pinch of rising
g

available. prices and corruptions (3). / No Error

En

Ans :- was यहाँ but Preposition का काम (4).

Ans :- 1
कर रहा है । Preposition के पहले Main

Subject Nothing है जो क singular है।

3|English With Rani Ma’am

 Explanation :- Replace “Everyone” with

m
Th
“Every” because everyone is pronoun

is
PD
F
be
and section is noun तो noun और

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
pronoun एक साथ नह ं लखा जाता है तो

J
7e
z
(8
87

M
26
everyone (pronoun) को every

74
40
1@
Rule 2:

gm
ai
(adjective) म change करगे।

l.c

i om
Each / Every / Either / Neither / Any /

an
,8
87
26
Note: None

74
40
1)
Weren’t they
a. Somebody was present, ….…………………
R Each & Every :-
?
Wasn’t it 1) ये pronoun और adjective दोन का काम
ith

b. Something was present, …………………. ?

Were they करता है ले कन Every को सफ Adjective के
c. Nobody was present, …..……………… ?
W

Explanation :- Somebody / nobody प म लख सकते है ।

person के लए use होता है तो इसका 2) Each का use 2 or more than 2

h

Question Tag plural बना के करते है । person/things के लए जब क Every को

lis

ले कन something / nothing का use more than 2 person/things के लए करते

g

things के लए होता है तो इसका Question

En

है ।

Tag singular बना के करते है। 3) Either :- For two persons/things (in

positive sentences)

4|English With Rani Ma’am

 wishes to complete his / her / their
Any :- For more than two
work on time.

m
Th
persons/things (in positive sentences)

is
Ans :- student, wishes & his

PD
F
be
4) Neither :- For two persons/things

lo

a'a
ng
6. Each of the students / student wish

s
to
Zt
(in negative sentences)

J
7e
/ wishes to complete his / her / their

z
(8
87

M
None :

26
work on time.

74
40
1@
For more than two persons/things (in

gm
Ans :- students, wishes & his

ai
l.c
negative sentences)

i om
an
7. Every class is / are ready to attend

,8
87
26
Ex:

74
the seminar.

40
1)
1. Each girl was / were present.
R Ans :- is
Ans :- was
8. Practically every part of the banana
ith

2. Each of the girls was / were

tree is used by man.
present.
a. Each part b. Any part
W

Ans :- was
c. Most part d. No improvement
3. Every girl was/were present.
Ans :- No improvement
h

Ans :- was
9. None of the two students did the
lis

4. Every of the girls was present.

work.
Ans :- Replace “every” with “each”
g

Ans :- Replace “None” with “ Neither”

because we need a subject
En

(Noun/Pronoun) & each can act as a because none का use more than 2

pronoun. Every is an adjective. person / things के लए होता है जब क

5. Each student / students wish /

neither का use 2 के लए करते है।

5|English With Rani Ma’am

 10. Mr. Sharma has three sons, neither

m
Th
of them is hardworking.

is
PD
F
be
Ans :- Replace “Neither” with “none”

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
11. Any of the two students will

J
7e
z
(8
87

M
complete the project. Rule 3:

26
74
40
1@
Ans :- Replace “Any” with “Either” Both …. (Used in Positive Sentences)

gm
ai
l.c

i
because either का use 2 person/things

om
Both ….. And

an
,8
87
26
Both का use pronoun और adjective दोन

74
के लए करते है।

40
1)
R
12. None of the pens is/are working. के प म कर सकते है । Both के साथ, verb

हमेशा plural होगा।

ith

Ans :- is

13. Neither of them attended the

Ex:
W

function, ……Did they..…….… ?

Both were present.
(Pronoun)
14. There are four worksheets – please
h

take one of each/every.

Both the students were present.
lis

(Adjective)
Ans :- each

15. You gave me four toys, and

g

1. Both the students as well as the

none/any of them works. They seem
En

teacher attended the meeting.

broken.
Ans :- Replace “as well as” with “and”
Ans :- None because ये sentence
because both के साथ सफ and का use
negative म जा रहा है।
होता है ।
6|English With Rani Ma’am
 2. Neither of them went to the cinema. Ans :- Replace “or” with “nor” because

neither के साथ हमेशा nor का use होता है ।

m
Th
(a) Both of them did not go

is
PD
F
According to Rule of proximity, the

be
(b) Both did not go

lo

a'a
ng
s
subject is the size which is singular

to
Zt
(c) Neither did go

J
7e
so, verb (suits) will also be singular.

z
(8
87

M
(d) No improvement

26
2. Not only Ram but also his friends

74
40
1@
Ans :- No Improvement was / were present.

gm
ai
l.c

i
Ans :- were

om
3) Both my brother and my friends

an
,8
87
26
loves / love cricket. 3. Either the students or the principal

74
40
1)
agree / agrees to attend the seminar.
Ans :- love
R
Ans :- Agrees
ith

4. Neither of the scout leaders know

(a)/ how to trap wild animals (b) or

W

how to prepare them for mounting.

Rule 4: (c)/ no error (d)

h

If two subjects are joined by Either – Ans :- Replace “know” with “knows”
lis

or / Neither – nor / Not only – but also, because neither के साथ verb singular
g

the verb will be according to the

होता है । यहाँ एक बात और यान दे ना है क
En

subject, nearer to the verb.

or यहाँ सह है यो क or conjunction का
Ex:
काम कर रहा है जो क phrase को phrase से
1. Neither the colour or the size of the
connect कर रहा है ।
clothes suits / suit me.

7|English With Rani Ma’am

 correct.

m
Th
(2) She has donated five-thousands

is
PD
F
rupees.

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
Ans :- Replace “thousands” with

to
Zt
J
7e
z
thousand” because rupees is noun.

(8
87

M
Rule 5:

26
74
Noun के पहले लगने वाले words Adjective

40
1@
Words like hundred, thousand, million,

gm
ai
होते है । तो हमलोग thousand का plural

l.c

i om
dozen etc are used in singular form

an
,8
87
26
when preceded by a numeral (number)

74
नह ं बना सकते है because यहाँ thousand

40
1)
ये सब सारे words noun और adjective
R
adjective है ।

दोन हो सकते है। Noun का plural बना

ith

(3) She has donated thousands of

सकते है ले कन adjective का plural नह ं rupees.

W

Ans :- This sentence is grammatically

बनता है ।
correct. Because यहाँ of लगा हुआ है । Of
Ex:
h

के पहले thousands है जो Noun का काम

(1) She has donated five-thousand
lis

कर रहा है ।
rupees.
(4) She brought two dozens eggs.
g

Explanation :- Rupees is noun. Noun के

En

Ans :- Replace “dozens” with “dozen”

पहले लगने वाले words Adjective होते है। because यहाँ dozen adjective का काम

This Sentence is grammatically कर रहा है िजसका हम plural नह ं बना सकते

है ।

8|English With Rani Ma’am

 (5) She bought two dozen eggs.

m
Th
Ans :- This sentence is grammatically

is
PD
F
be
correct.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
(6) She bought dozens of eggs.

J
7e
z
(8
87
Ans :- यहाँ “dozens” correct है यो क

M
Rule 6 :

26
74
40
1@
Uses of Until / Unless / If / Whether /
Noun का काम कर रहा है ।

gm
ai
l.c
That

i om
an
,8
87
(7) Dozens of eggs was / were bought.
Until :- ये conjunction और preposition

26
74
40
1)
Ans :- Were
R दोन का काम करता है।
(8) Two-thousands people were

Unless :- ये सफ conjunction का काम

ith

present.

Ans :- Replace “thousands” with करता है ।

W

“thousand” because thousand यहाँ

Until का use time बताने के sense म करते
adjective का काम कर रहा है ।
है जब क unless का use condition के लए
h

(9) Thousands of people were present.

lis

करते है।
Ans :- This sentence is grammatically
g

correct. Ex
En

Because thousand यहाँ Noun का काम 1. I will wait until he comes.

Ans :- Until यहाँ conjunction का काम कर

कर रहा है ।
रहा है यो क until clause को clause से

जोड़ रहा है ।

9|English With Rani Ma’am

 2. I will wait until Monday. incorrect. Remove “will” because यहाँ if
Ans :- Until यहाँ preposition का काम कर condition बता रहा है ।

m
Th
is
PD
रहा है .

F
2. I don’t know if he will come.

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
Ans :- This Sentence is grammatically

to
If :- If का use condition और doubt /

Zt
J
7e
correct. Because यहाँ if doubt बता रहा

z
(8
87
uncertainty बताने के sense म use करते

M
26
74
है ।

40
1@
है।

gm
ai
Whether :- Whether का use doubt /

l.c

i om
an
,8
Ex.

87
26
uncertainty बताने के sense म करते है ।

74
40
1. If he comes, I will go.

1)
R
Explanation :- यहाँ if condition के बारे म That :- That का use certainty/Surety

बता रहा है ।
ith

बताने के sense म करते है ।

2. I don’t know if he will come. Ex.

Explanation :- यहाँ if doubt के बारे म बता
W

1. I will wait unless / until he comes

रहा है । Ans :- until, because unless condition

h

Note :- If के साथ will का use होता है जब और until time बताता है पर यहाँ time क
lis

doubt के बारे म बोला जाए ले कन जब

बात कह जा रह है ।
condition के बारे म बोले तो will का use
g

2. Unless / Until he works, he will not

En

नह ं करते है ।
succeed.

Ex. Ans :- Unless, because यहाँ condition

1. If they will come, I will go. बताया जा रहा है ।

Ans :- This Sentence is grammatically

10 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Note: Explanation :- Replace “unless one

m
Th
1) he doesn’t work, he will are” with “if one is”.

is
PD
F
be
not succeed. Ex.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
a. Unless b. If 1. I don’t know if / whether he will

J
7e
z
(8
87

M
Ans :- If come.

26
74
40
1@
Note :- What is difference between If & Ans :- यहाँ if और whether दोन सह है ।

gm
ai
l.c

i
Unless ?

om
आप दोन म से कसी को भी लगा सकते है ।

an
,8
87
Ans :- If & Unless दोन का use condition

26
74
40
2. I don’t know if / whether he will

1)
बताने म करते है ।
R
come or not.

Difference :- If + not = Unless Ans :- Whether, because if के साथ or का

ith

It means that if के साथ not का use कर use नह ं होता है ।

W

सकते है ले कन unless के साथ not का use 3. I have few doubts that / whether he

will come.
नह ं कर सकते है because unless खुद म ह
h

Ans :- That, because यहाँ few लगा हुआ है

negative word है ।
lis

इसका मतलब ये है क मुझे ना के बराबर

Ex.
g

doubt है । इसका मतलब ये हुआ क मै sure

En

One can’t succeed in life (a)/ unless

one are (b)/ not punctual in one’s हूँ। जब surety क बात हो तो that का use

work. (c)/ No error (d) करगे।

Ans :- b

11 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 4. I have a few doubts that / whether Ans :- This sentence is grammatically

m
Th
he will come. correct because यहाँ if condition बता

is
PD
F
Ans :- Whether, because यहाँ a few लगा

be
lo

a'a
रहा है ।

ng
s
to
Zt
हुआ है इसका मतलब ये है क मुझे at least

J
7e
z
(8
87

M
26
कुछ तो doubt है । इसका मतलब ये हुआ क

74
40
1@
gm
ai
मै unsure हूँ। जब unsurety क बात हो तो

l.c

i om
an
,8
87
whether का use करगे।

26
74
40
1)
Note :
R
That के साथ if का use करगे जब condition
ith

Rule : 7
हो ले कन जब doubt हो तो that के साथ if
Avoid using double comparatives and
W

का use नह ं करगे। double superlatives.

Ex.
1. I don’t know that if he will
h

1. He is more wiser than his brother.

complete the work on time.
Ans :-
lis

Ans :- This sentence is

Remove “more” because दो
g

grammatically incorrect because यहाँ comparative degree (more & wiser)

En

एक साथ नह ं आ सकते है ।
if doubt बता रहा है ।

2. I know that if he helps me, I will be

able to do the work.

12 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 2. Sachin is capable of doing more Ex.
better work.

m
Th
1. She is feeling much better.

is
PD
Ans :- Remove “more” because दो

F
be
Ans :- This sentence is correct.

lo

a'a
ng
s
comparative degree( more & better )

to
Zt
J
7e
एक साथ नह ं आ सकते है ।

z
(8
87

M
26
74
40
3. She is the most smartest girl in the

1@
gm
class.

ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
Ans :- Remove “most” because दो

87
26
74
40
superlative degree( most & smartest )

1)
R Rule : 8
एक साथ नह ं आ सकते है ।
The words “ comparatively” and
ith

4. She is the most intelligent girl in the

“relatively” take adjectives of POSITIVE
class.
DEGREE.
Ans :- This sentence is correct.
W

Ex.
Note:-
1. The weather is comparatively hot /
More better ❌
h

hotter.
lis

Much better ✔
Ans :- Hot because comparatively खुद
Better के साथ more का use नह ं करते है
g

comparison कर ह रहा है तो इसके साथ

ले कन better के साथ much का use कर
En

comparative degree ना लगा के positive

सकते है ।
degree use करते है ।

13 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 2. The train is relatively slow / slower. Rule : 9

Ans :- Slow because relatively खुद

m
Th
जब भी sentence म twice, thrice, two

is
PD
F
comparison कर ह रहा है तो इसके साथ

be
times, etc. आ जाये तो इसका

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
comparative degree ना लगा के positive

Zt
comparative degree “as – as” लगा के

J
7e
z
(8
87
degree use करते है।

M
26
करते है। और जब भी sentence म “as – as”

74
40
1@
से comparison हो तो “as – as” के बच म

gm
3. Earlier job opportunity were

ai
l.c

i om
an
positive degree आएगा।

,8
comparatively good / better.

87
26
74
40
Ans :- Good because comparatively

1)
1. He is twice taller than his brother.
R
खुद comparison कर ह रहा है तो इसके साथ
Ans :- Replace “taller than” with “as
tall as”
ith

comparative degree ना लगा के positive

2. He is two times taller than his
degree use करते है। brother.
W

4. It does more harm than good / Ans :- Replace “taller than” with “as
better. tall as”
h

Ans :- Good, because than के पहले 3. He is two times as tall as his

lis

brother.
comparative degree का use करते है ना
Ans :- This sentence is correct.
g

क बाद म।
En

4. He is equally as smart as his

brother.

Ans :- Remove “equally” because

equally और as – as दोन से comparison
नह ं कर सकते है ।

14 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex.
5. How many eggs and money do you
1. She is smarter than her sister.
need ?

m
Th
is
Ans :- This sentence is correct.

PD
F
Ans :- Add “how much” before money

be
lo

a'a
ng
2. She is smarter than beautiful.

s
to
because egg is countable noun और

Zt
J
7e
Ans :- Replace “smarter” with “more

z
(8
money is uncountable noun. Countable

87

M
26
smart” because जब एक ह person क 2

74
noun के साथ many जब क uncountable

40
1@
gm
qualities का comparison हो तो इसका

ai
noun के साथ much का use करते है ।

l.c

i om
an
,8
comparison “er” ना लगा के, “more” लगा

87
26
6. These all mangoes are ripe.

74
40
के करते है ।

1)
Ans :- Replace “these all” with “all
R
these” because this, that, these, those, 3. He is braver than his brother.
are demonstrative adjective. और
ith

Ans :- This sentence is correct.

adjective noun से पहले लगता है । 4. He is braver than wise.
W

Ans :- Replace “braver” with “more

brave” because जब एक ह person क 2

h

qualities का comparison हो तो इसका

lis

comparison “er” ना लगा के, “more” लगा

g

के करते है ।
En

Rule : 10

If two qualities of the same

person/thing are compared, the
comparative degree is made not by
using “er” but by using “more”.

15 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 11: Ans :- is, because the main subject is
the decoration which is singular.

m
Th
Ensure that the verb is according to

is
PD
F
1. From my hotel I could see that a

be
main subject (and not qualifier).

lo

a'a
ng
s
flock of birds were flying over the

to
Zt
जब भी main subject और qualifier

J
7e
lake.

z
(8
87

M
26
पहचानने म problem हो तो आप a. From my hotel b. I could see

74
40
1@
gm
preposition (of) का सहारा ले सकते है । c. over the lake d. were flying

ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
Ans :- d
Preposition से पहले वाला subject main

87
26
74
40
Explanation :- a flock is singular. So,
subject होता है और preposition के बाद

1)
R
the verb will also be singular.
वाला subject qualifier या preposition का
2. The prices of tomatoes has soared
ith

object होता है।

up to Rs. 65 - 70 per kg in many parts
Ex.
of the country.
W

(a) The box of Nestle’s chocolates is /

a. soared up b. No error
are missing.
c. The prices of tomatoes has
h

Ans :- is, because the main subject is

lis

the box which is singular. d. in many parts of the

(b) The boxes of Nestle's chocolates is Ans :- c

g

/ are missing. Explanation :- Replace “has” with

En

Ans :- are, because the main subject is “have”.

the boxes which is plural.

(c) The decoration of the rooms is /

are beautiful.

16 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 3. A letter of recommendation (1) / rotted away.
from the principal and (2) / the Head of

m
Th
Ans :- has, because the main subject

is
PD
English department have helped him

F
be
is pillar which is singular.

lo

a'a
ng
to get the lucrative job. (3) / No Error

s
to
Zt
One – third, two-thirds, etc. are

J
7e
(4).

z
(8
numeral adjective. और कसी भी

87

M
26
Ans :- 3

74
40
sentence को subject होने के लए उसे

1@
gm
Explanation :- Replace “have” with

ai
l.c

i
noun / pronoun होना चा हए।

om
an
,8
“has” because main subject of the

87
26
6. One-third of the pillars has/have

74
40
sentence is “a letter of

1)
rotted away.
R
recommendation” which is singular. Ans :- have

4. The latest global snapshot of (1) / 7. Two-thirds of the pillar has / have
ith

rotted away.
student performance show decline in
Ans :- has
scores (2) / in the US and stagnant
W

8. Two-third of the (1)/ pillar has (2)/

performance in science and reading. rotted away (3)/ no error(4)

Ans :- 1
(3) / No Error (4).
h

Explanation :- Replace “two-third” with

lis

Ans :- 2
“two-thirds” because two लगा हुआ है ।
Explanation :- Replace “show” with 9. A third of us (a)/ feels compelled to
g

“shows” because the main subject is check our phones (b)/ in the middle of
En

the night. (c)/ no error (d)

the latest global snapshot which is
Ans :- b
singular. Explanation :- Replace “feels” with
5. One-third of the pillar has/have “feel” because the main subject is us
which is plural.

17 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex.

m
Th
(i) Many a girl / girls go / goes to

is
PD
F
college in time.

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Ans :- girl & goes

Zt
J
7e
z
(ii) A good many girl / girls go / goes

(8
87

M
26
to college in time.

74
40
1@
Ans :- girls & go

gm
ai
l.c

i
Rule 12 : III. Many a man have (a)/ come to India

om
an
,8
87
SUBJECT NOUN VERB from Canada (b) / to live here

26
74
40
PLURAL PLURAL permanently.(c)/ no error (d)

1)
1. MANY,
R Ans :- has
NUMBER
IV. A great many student (a) have been
PLURAL PLURAL
2. A MANY,
ith

declared (b)/ successful (c)/ no error

A NUMBER (d)

SINGULAR SINGULAR Ans :- Replace “student” with =

3. MANY A
W

“students” because many के बाद noun

PLURAL SINGULAR
4. THE MANY,
plural आना चा हए यो क आगे दे खे तो
h

THE NUMBER
SINGULAR SINGULAR verb (have) plural है ।
lis

5. MORE
V. More than one room / rooms is /a
THAN ONE
re vacant.
g

PLURAL PLURAL
6. MORE
Ans :- room & is
En

THAN TWO
VI. More than two room / rooms is /
PLURAL PLURAL
7. MORE are vacant.
PERSON Ans :- rooms & are
THAN ONE

18 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 VII. More rooms / room than one is / यहाँ हमारा subject our officers होगा जो

are vacant. क plural है ।

m
Th
is
PD
F
Ans :- rooms & are

be
2. Mr. Sharma is only one of our

lo

a'a
ng
s
officers that is/are always alert.

to
VIII. The number of orders is / are

Zt
J
7e
Ans:- is, because यहाँ only one officer

z
small.

(8
87

M
26
74
Ans :- is क ह बात कह जा रह है । िजसका मतलब ये

40
1@
gm
IX. The number of student / students है क सफ एक ह officer क बात हो रह है ।

ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
was / were low.

87
3. Mr. Sharma is one of our only

26
74
40
Ans :- students & was officers that is/are always alert.

1)
R Ans :- are, because यहाँ only officers

क ह बात कह जा रह है । िजसका मतलब ये

ith

है क कुछ ह officers है जो क plural

sense दे रहा है।

W

4. It is I who is/am responsible for the

mistake.
h

Ans :- am, because who is relative

Rule 13:
lis

pronoun और who के पहले I है जो क

1. Mr. Sharma is one of our officers
singular है तो verb को भी singular होना
g

who is / are always alert.

En

Ans :- are, because जब भी sentence म पड़ेगा।

relative pronoun आ जाये तो उसका

subject ठ क उसके पहले वाला होता है । तो

19 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 5. He is one of the best writers that
होगा। Similarly, conditional sentence
has / have ever lived.

m
Th
is
Ans :- have, that is relative pronoun को past म भी use कया जा सकता है ।

PD
F
be
और that के पहले का subject writers है जो

lo

a'a
ng
s
a. If he comes, I will go.

to
Zt
(Simple Present) (Simple future)
क plural है ।

J
7e
z
(8
b. If he came, I would go.

87

M
(Simple Past) (Simple Past)

26
74
40
c. If he had come, I would have gone.

1@
(Perfect) (Perfect)

gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
NOTE:

26
74
40
(I) If he would have read (a) / the

1)
R instructions carefully (b) / he would
not have committed mistakes.(c) / No
ith

Error.(d)
Rule 14
Ans :- a
Use of Tense in Conditional Sentences. Explanation :- Replace “would have”
W

with “had read” because िजस तरह एक

Ex.
conditional sentence म दो will / shall
a) If you will come, I will go. ❌
h

नह ं आ सकते है उसी तरह दो would / could

lis

b) If you come, I will go. ✔

/ should have नह ं आ सकता है । तो हम if
g

Note:-
या न conditional clause को Past perfect
En

एक conditional sentence म दो "Future

करना होगा।
Tense” नह ं use हो सकता। Conditional

वाला Clause "Simple present” म

20 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (ii) If we had Mohan (a) / in our team Ans :- Replace “has left” with “left”
(b) / we would have won the match. (c) because इस sentence म time पर जोड़

m
Th
is
/ No Error. (d)

PD
दया जा रहा है तो sentence को simple

F
be
Ans :- a (had had Mohan)

lo

a'a
ng
s
past म होना पड़ेगा।

to
Explanation :- Add “had” after we

Zt
J
7e
because sentence के 2nd part को दे खे तो

z
(8
II. He has left for London.

87

M
26
74
Ans :- This sentence is correct.
past perfect म है तो 1st part भी past

40
1@
(b) She had seen the movie yesterday.

gm
ai
perfect म होगा।

l.c

i om
Ans :- Replace “had seen” with “saw”

an
,8
87
because इस sentence म time पर जोड़

26
74
40
1)
दया जा रहा है ।
R
(c) Two years ago, the earthquake had
ith

destroyed the city.

Ans :- Replace “had destroyed” with
“destroyed”
W

(d) I was hearing the dog barking last

Rule 15: evening.

Ans :- Replace “was hearing” with
h

Note :- कसी भी sentence म अगर time

“heard” because last evening क बात
lis

पर जोड़ दया जा रहा है तो उस sentence को

कह जा रह है ।
simple past म रखगे पर तु action मे जोड
g

(e) Newton has discovered that the

En

दया जाये तो उस sentence को past force of gravitation makes apples fall.

perfect/ present perfect म रखगे। Ans :- Replace “has discovered” with

“discovered”
(a)
I. He has left for London last night.

21 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (f) I have taken my lunch. गया है।
Ans :- This sentence is correct

m
Th
(c) It’s high time he does / did the

is
because यहाँ action म जोड़ दया जा रहा

PD
work.

F
be
lo

a'a
ng
है। Ans :- did

s
to
Zt
J
7e
(g) I have taken my lunch an hour ago.

z
(8
87

M
26
Ans :- Replace “have taken” with “took”

74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
R
Rule 17:
Suppositional sentences having
ith

phrases like “I wish”, “He / She

wishes”, “as if”, “ as though”, and
Rule 16:
indicating some unfulfilled wish /
W

With expressions such as “IT’S TIME”,

desire take the simple past.
“IT’S HIGH TIME”, “IT’S ABOUT TIME” ,
Ex:
always take Simple past.
h

(a) I wish I was / were a doctor.

Ex:
lis

Ans :- were, because suppositional

(a) It’s time he goes / went / had gone
to school. sentence म tense हमेशा past होगा और
g

Ans :- went plural form म होगा।

En

(b) It’s time to do the work.

(b) If she was / were a bird, she would
Ans :- This sentence is correct.
fly.
Because it’s time के बाद infinitive आ Ans :- were

22 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (c) He behaves as if he knows / knew Ans :- was
everything 4. Page after page of the Gita

m
Th
is
Ans :- knew was/were read.

PD
F
be
(d) He commands as though he was / Ans :- was

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
were my boss. 5. He enquired from doors to doors.

Zt
J
7e
z
Ans :- were Ans :- door to door

(8
87

M
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
R
Rule 19:
ith

Rule 18. If pronouns like somebody, anybody,

If two nouns are joined by everyone, something etc. are followed
prepositions, the noun on either side is by “else”, apostrophe ‘s’ is used with
W

SINGULAR and the verb is also “else”.

SINGULAR. But nouns should be the Ex:
same. (a) Somebody’s purse has been stolen.
h

Ex: Ans :- This sentence is correct.

lis

1. Women after women spoke against (b) Somebody’s else’s purse has been
the cruel practices of dowry. stolen.
g

Ans :- Woman after woman Ans :- This sentence is wrong because

En

2. Days by days, he is becoming जब भी sentence म somebody, anybody,

weaker.
everyone, something, etc. के बाद else
Ans :- Day by day
3. Pile on pile of books was/were आ जाये तो apostrophe else म लगाएंगे।
arranged.

23 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (c) Somebody else’s purse has been Ans :- Replace “Ram’s” with “Ram”
stolen. because जब भी sentence म 2 subjects

m
Th
is
Ans :- This sentence is correct.

PD
आ जाए और दोन मलकर एक unit म काम

F
be
Note:

lo

a'a
ng
s
करे या दोन बाते एक ह के बारे म बोला जाए

to
(d) Ram’s uncle’s friend.

Zt
J
7e
Ans :- कसी भी sentence म 2

z
तो apostrophe 2nd वाले के साथ लगाएंगे।

(8
87

M
26
74
apostrophe एक साथ नह ं आ सकता है

40
b. Mala’s and Priya’s account.

1@
gm
Ans :- This is correct. Because यहाँ

ai
ले कन जब 2 apostrophe conjunction से

l.c

i om
an
,8
Mala और Priya दोन का separate

87
जड़
ु ा हो तो आ सकता है।

26
74
40
1)
Correct form :- Friend of Ram’s uncle account है तो दोन के साथ apostrophe
R
लगाएंगे।
ith

c. Mala’s and Priya’s joint account.

Ans :- Replace “Mala’s” with “Mala”

because यहाँ दोन का account एक ह है ।

W
h

Rule 20:
lis

Two or more nouns joined by “and”

implying separate possession must
g

take separate possessive sign or

En

apostrophe.
Ex:
a. I went to Ram’s and Sita’s house and
found the couple missing.

24 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 21: SINGULAR PLURAL
1. One and a half hour. ❌ 1. Son-in-law 1. Sons-in-law

m
Th
is
PD
2. One and a half hours.✔ 2. Brother-in-law 2. Brothers-in-law

F
be
lo
3. Commander- 3. Commanders-in-

a'a
3. An hour and a half. ✔

ng
s
to
in-chief chief

Zt
4. Two and a half kilometers. ✔

J
7e
z
4. Passer by 4. Passers by

(8
5. Two kilometers and a half. ✔

87

M
26
74
5. Onlooker 5. Onlookers

40
Ex:

1@
/lookers-on

gm
1. One and a half years was/were

ai
l.c

i
6. Maid-servant 6. Maid-servants

om
an
wasted.

,8
87
7. Step-daughter 7. Step-daughters

26
Ans :- were

74
40
8. Book Fair 8. Book Fairs

1)
2. A year and a half was/were wasted.
R 9. Spoonful 9. Spoonfuls
Ans :- was
10. Member of 10. Members of
ith

Parliament Parliament
11. Chief Minister 11. Chief Ministers
12. Landlord 12. Landlords
W

13. Girl student 13. Girl students

14. Man athlete 14. Men athletes
h

15. Woman athlete 15. Women athletes

lis

16. Man servant 16. Men servants

17. Man hater 17. Man haters
g

Rule 22: 18. Woman lover 18. Woman lovers

En

Compound noun is a noun which is 19. Bed-room 19. Bed-rooms

made of two or more words. In order 20. Man-of-war 20. Men-of-war

to make compound nouns plural, we

have to add s/es/ies to the root words.

25 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 NOTE: Ans :- Replace “commander’s-in-
1) Haves and haves not ❌ chief” with “commander-in-chief’s”

m
Th
is
Haves and have nots ✔ 2. I attended my sister’s-in-law

PD
F
be
marriage yesterday.

lo

a'a
2) Whereabout ❌

ng
s
to
Ans :- Replace “sister’s-in-law” with

Zt
whereabouts ✔

J
7e
z
“sister-in-law’s”

(8
87
Ex:

M
26
74
40
(a) He refused to divulge any

1@
gm
information regarding her

ai
l.c

i om
whereabouts / whereabout.

an
,8
87
26
Ans :- whereabouts

74
40
1)
(b) The population of India is divided
R
into two classes - Haves and Have
nots/haves and haves not.
ith

Ans :- Haves and have nots

(c) All his sister-in-laws are married
Rule 23:
and settled in London.
W

Cousin के साथ brother/sister नह ं लगाते

Ans :- Replace “sister-in-laws” with
“sisters-in-law” because plural of है पर जब gender clear नह ं हो रहा है तो
h

sister-in-law is sisters-in-law.
वहाँ लगा सकते है ।
lis

Note: जब plural बनाना हो तो root word

1. He is my cousin brother.
म “s” लगते है पर जब possession बताना
Ans : This is wrong. Because यहाँ
g

हो तो last wale word म apostrophe cousin के साथ brother नह ं आएगा यो क

En

इस sentence म he लगा हुआ है िजससे हम

लगाते है ।
इसका gender पता चल रहा है तो brother
1. The commander’s-in-chief orders
लगाने क ज रत नह ं है ।
arrived late and the forces had to
retreat.
26 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 2. She is my cousin sister. 6. He is a coward person.

Ans : This is wrong. Because यहाँ Ans :- Remove “person” because

m
Th
is
coward and person both are nouns. 2

PD
cousin के साथ sister नह ं आएगा यो क

F
be
nouns cannot come together. So, we

lo

a'a
ng
s
इस sentence म she लगा हुआ है िजससे

to
remove person.

Zt
J
7e
z
7. What is the passing/pass marks in
हम इसका gender पता चल रहा है तो sister

(8
87

M
26
Mathematics?

74
40
लगाने क ज रत नह ं है ।

1@
Ans :- pass

gm
ai
l.c

i
3. I went to the temple with my cousin 8. Which is the link / linking road to

om
an
,8
87
sister. the city?

26
74
40
Ans :- This sentence is correct. Ans :- link

1)
Because यहाँ gender पता नह ं चल रहा था
R 9. Put your sign / signature on the
documents.
तो gender बताने के लए sister का use
ith

Ans :- signature
कया गया है । Sign (verb) means ह ता र करना
4. It was a blunder mistake.
Sign (noun) means च ह
W

Ans :- Remove “mistake” because

blunder and mistake both are nouns Signature (noun) means ह ता र
h

and give same meaning. 2 nouns 10. The documents should have your
cannot come together. So, we remove photo/photograph attached to it.
lis

mistake. Ans :- Photograph

5. The angry mob attacked the police Photo is intangible image
g

officers. Photograph is physical image

En

Ans :- Remove “angry” because angry 11. He is a pick pocket / pick pocketer.

crowd को ह mob कहते है तो mob के साथ Ans :- pick pocket

angry लगाने क ज रत नह ं है ।

27 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 12. The house is made up of bricks. Rule 24:

Ans :- Brick, because brick का plural

m
Th
is
PD
नह ं बनता है ।

F
be
lo

a'a
ng
s
13. I already have the equipments /

to
Zt
J
7e
equipment required for the work.

z
(8
87

M
26
Ans :- Equipment, because equipment 1. You should not boasting of your

74
40
का plural नह ं होता है यो क a group of

1@
achievements.

gm
ai
l.c

i
Ans :- Replace “boasting” with “boast”

om
tools is called equipment.

an
,8
87
14. The train which met with an because should is modal verb और

26
74
40
accident was carrying some army

1)
modal verb के बाद verb का 1st form
personnels/personnel.
R
Ans :- personnel, because personnel आता है ।
ith

आपने आप म plural है । इसम ‘s’ नह ं 2. The pedestrians should to be

cautious while crossing the road.
लगेगा।
Ans :- Replace “to be” with “be”
W

15. The authority/authorities didn’t pay

because should is modal verb और
heed to his matter.
Ans :- authorities modal verb के बाद verb का 1st form
h

Authority means Power आता है । (To be infinitive (noun) है।)

lis

The authorities means persons in

3. The conference will been a
power
g

celebration of women’s achievements.

En

Ans :- Replace “been” with “be”

because will is modal verb और modal

verb के बाद verb का 1st form आता है ।

28 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 4. We should honest in our dealings. i) We should respect our elders.
(Advice)
Ans :- Add “be” after should because

m
Th
is
जब भी modal verb के बाद adjective आ ii) Should he work, he will succeed.

PD
(Condition)

F
be
lo

a'a
ng
जाए तो modal verb के बाद be लगाएंगे।

s
to
Note:-

Zt
J
7e
5. She must not to waste time.

z
1. If he works, he will succeed.

(8
87

M
26
Ans :- Replace “to waste” with “waste” 2. Should he work, he will succeed.

74
40
because must is modal verb और

1@
“Should as a modal verb can also be

gm
ai
l.c

i
used to express “condition”
modal verb के बाद verb का 1st form

om
an
,8
87
b. He said, “ I shall do the work.

26
आता है ।

74
40
He said that he should/would do the

1)
6. A new chapter may been put forth
R work.
that India gained independence only in Ans :- would, because past of shall is
ith

the year and not in 1947. should and would. Shall का past
Ans :- Replace “been” with “be”
should कब use करते है जब कोई कसी को
because may is modal verb और modal
W

advice दे रहा हो और जब advice ना हो

verb के बाद verb का 1st form आता है ।
तो would लगाएंगे।
h

c. He said, “We should respect our

lis

elders.”
He said that they would/should
g

respect their elders.

En

Ans :- should, because यहाँ advice का

Rule 25:
sense दे रहा है।

(a) Ex.:-

29 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 d. Should/Ought to/Had better ये सारे अगर Modal का काम करे गा तो V1 लेगा

words duty/advice का sense दे ता है । ले कन adjective का काम करे गा तो Gerund

m
Th
is
PD
F
Had Better(Modal Verb) अपने साथ verb (ing) लेगा। Gerund "ing" form म Noun

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
to
का 1st form लेता है। और इसका tense का काम करता है और adjective Noun को

Zt
J
7e
z
(8
87
present tense होता है । describe करता है ।

M
26
74
40
1@
Ex. Ex:

gm
ai
l.c

i
1. You had better gone/go to school on 1. He used to work hard.

om
an
,8
Ans :- यहाँ का used to modal verb है

87
time.

26
74
40
Ans :- go

1)
यो क modal verb के बाद verb का 1st
2. You should go to school on time.
R
Ans :- This sentence is correct. आता है जो क work है ।
ith

3. You had better to stop taking 2. He is used to work/working hard.

medicine which have side effect.
Ans :- working, because यहाँ used to
Ans :- Replace “to stop” with “stop”
W

adjective का काम कर रहा है यो क अगर

"used to" Modal verb होता है तो Helping

h

Verb का काम करता है। यहाँ पहले से "is"

lis

लगा है जो Main Verb है । इसी लए यहाँ

used to adjective है ।
g
En

3. He is used to hard-work.
Rule 26:
Used To:- It denotes habit of the past. Ans :- This sentence is correct. (यहाँ

“Used to” को “modal verb” और hard-work noun है और used to

“adjective” दोन तरह से use कर सकते है। adjective है ।

30 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 4. He got used to work/working hard. May / Might :- ये दोन words possibility
Ans :- working, because यहाँ "got" Main
बताता है । May/might के साथ

m
Th
is
PD
Verb & “used to” adjective है ।

F
possible/likely word का use नह ं करगे।

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
5. Camels are used to carry/carrying

to
यो क दोन का meaning same होता है ।

Zt
J
7e
loads.

z
(8
87

M
(a) He may possibly attend the party.
Ans :- carry, because ये sentence

26
74
40
Ans :- Remove “possibly”

1@
passive म है । जब passive म हो तो “used

gm
(b) It may likely rain.

ai
l.c

i om
to” main verb का काम करता है तो to के

an
,8
Ans :- Remove “likely” because likely

87
26
74
word bhi possibility batata hai.
बाद v1 आएगा।

40
1)
(c) I can be able to do the work.
R
Ans :- Remove “be able to”
(d) Because of heavy rain, the
ith

students could not be able to attend

the meeting.
W

Ans :- Remove “be able to”

h

Rule 27:
lis

Can / Could :- Both can/could denotes

ability/capability. Can/could के
g

साथ able/capable word का use नह ं

En

करगे। यो क दोन का meaning same

होता है।

31 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 28: Explanation :- Replace “hear” with
The phrases “ with a view to” and “hearing” because looking forward to

m
Th
is
“looking forward to” always take के बाद gerund आता है ।

PD
F
be
Gerunds. Both are prepositional

lo

a'a
ng
7) With a view to avoid (a) / traffic

s
to
phrases which take noun in the form

Zt
accidents (b)/ the road was blocked.

J
7e
z
of Gerund(ing).

(8
(c) / No error (d)

87

M
26
(1) Looking forward to – expect /

74
40
Ans :- a

1@
anticipate something positive

gm
Explanation :- Replace “avoid” with

ai
l.c

i
(2) With a view to – with the purpose

om
“avoiding” because a view to के बाद

an
,8
87
of

26
74
gerund आता है ।

40
Ex:-

1)
1) I come here to teach. ✔
R
2) I come here with a view to teach/
ith

teaching.
Ans :- teaching
3) I hope to meet you. ✔
W

4) I am looking forward to meet/

meeting you.
h

Ans :- meeting
5) I am looking forward to good
lis

results. ✔ Rule 29:

Gerund :-
g

6) We are looking forward (a) / to hear

When the “....ing” form of verb acts as
En

news (b)/ about the missing

fisherman. (c) / No error (d) a Noun, it is called Gerund. Gerund होने
Ans :- b
के लए या तो उस "....ing" form को वा य म

Subject या Object बनना होगा।

32 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex: Ex:-
1. Swimming is good for health. 1. I don’t mind him/ his staying late

m
Th
(Gerund)

is
hours.

PD
F
be
Ans :- his

lo

a'a
ng
2. He enjoys swimming.

s
to
2. My father appreciates me/ my

Zt
(Gerund)

J
7e
z
working hard.

(8
87

M
26
3. He is fond of swimming. Ans :- my

74
40
(Gerund)

1@
3. Due to me (a) / being a new comer

gm
ai
l.c

i
(b) / does not excuse your fault. (c) /

om
4. No smoking.

an
,8
87
(Gerund) No error (d)

26
74
40
Ans :- a

1)
Participle :
R Explanation :- Replace “me” with “my”
When Verb acts as an adjective. It is because due to is a prepositional
ith

called participle. phrase और prepositional phrase के बाद

A) Present Participle:- When “...ing”
gerund आता है । तो being is gerund.
form acts as an adjective.
W

B) Past Participle:- When “V3” form Gerund के पहले possessive case आता
acts as an adjective.
है ।
Ex:
h

4. I don’t mind (a)/ Rohan staying (b)/

1) The book is interesting.
(Present Participle)
lis

late hours with his friends. (c)/ No

error (d)
2) The broken glasses were repaired.
g

(Past Participle) Ans :- b

En

Explanation :- Replace “Rohan” with

Note: -
“Rohan’s”
Gerund:- It takes a possessive case.
5. I saw him/ his leaving the house.
Participle:- It takes an objective case.
Ans :- him

33 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 6. My father appreciated me/ my Note:
working hard. Bare infinitive (Without “to”)

m
Th
is
Ans :- my Certain verbs/ phrases take Bare

PD
F
be
7. He saw us/ our parking the car. Infinitives.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Ans :- us Ex:-

Zt
J
7e
z
make/ made, Bid/ Bade, See/ Saw,

(8
87

M
26
hear/ heard, let, but, than, except,

74
40
1@
would rather, sooner than. ये सारे

gm
ai
l.c

i om
words अपने साथ bare infinitive लेते है ।

an
,8
87
26
74
Ex:-

40
1)
R (a) I ordered him to do the work. (✔)

Rule 30: (b) I bade him to do the work. (❌)

ith

INFINITIVE (T0+V1) Ans :- Remove “to”

An infinitive takes the base form of a (c) I was bade to do the work.
verb. Ans :- This sentence is correct.
W

It acts as a Noun (sub/object) in a Because bade अपने साथ bare infinitive

sentence.
तब लेता है जब sentence active म हो
Ex:-
h

(a) To learn a new language is difficult. ले कन passive म हो तो to+v1 आ सकता है ।

lis

(b) To err is human and to forgive is (d) The cruel lady made her servant to
divine. do all the household chores.
g

(c) He wishes to earn money quickly. Ans :- Remove “to”

En

(d) He comes to see me everyday. (e) I was made to do all the work.
(e) The train is about to enter the ✔(Passive Voice)
station
(f) I let him to enter the room.
Ans :- Remove “to”

34 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (g) He does nothing else but to play. c) I saw her doing the work. ✔
Ans :- Remove “to” (Present Participle)

m
Th
is
(h) I would rather go to school than to

PD
Note:

F
be
stay at home.

lo

a'a
(a) He couldn’t help but shed / to shed

ng
s
to
Ans :- Remove “to” / shedding tears.

Zt
J
7e
z
(I) To die with honour is better than to Ans :- shed, because “but” अपने साथ

(8
87

M
26
live with dishonor.

74
bare infinitive लेगा।

40
1@
Ans :- This sentence is correct.

gm
ai
l.c
Because यहाँ infinitive(to die) का (b) He couldn’t stop himself from shed

i om
an
,8
87
/ to shed / shedding tears.

26
comparison infinitive(to live) के साथ हो

74
40
Ans :- Shedding, because “from” is

1)
रहा है । जब comparison क बात हो तो than
R preposition और preposition के बाद noun

के साथ to का use करते है । आता है तो verb के …ing form वाला को लगे

ith

Note: यो क verb के…ing form gerund का काम

1. Help : Help के साथ infinitive और bare
करता है ।
W

infinite दोन आ सकता है ।

a) I helped her do the work. ✔

h

b) I helped her to do the work. ✔

lis

2. See : See अपने साथ bare infinitive

और present participle दोन ले सकता है।

g
En

a) I saw her do the work. ✔

b) I saw her to do the work. ❌

Ans :- Remove “to” because saw अपने

साथ bare infinitive लेगा।

35 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Hide Hid Hidden
Rule 31:
Begin Began Begun
V1 V2 V3

m
Th
is
PD
Come Came Come

F
Lie (untruth) Lied Lied

be
lo

a'a
ng
Run Ran Run

s
to
Lie (on bed) Lay Lain

Zt
J
7e
z
Swim Swam Swum

(8
87
Lay Laid Laid

M
26
74
40
Cast Cast Cast

1@
Rise Rose Risen

gm
ai
l.c
Broadcast Broadcast Broadca

i om
Raise Raised Raised

an
,8
st

87
26
74
Fly Flew Flown

40
1)
Telecast Telecast Telecast
R
Flow Flowed Flowed
Forecast Forecast Forecast
Overflow Overflowed Overflow
ith

Slay Slew Slain

ed
Bid (Auction) Bid Bid
Hang Hanged hanged
W

(prisoner) Bid (Order) Bade Bidden

Hang Hung Hung Hold Held Held

h

(cloths/photos)
Beat Beat Beaten
lis

Bear Bore Born

Bite Bit Bitten
g

Bear Bore Borne

Build Built Built
En

Bore Bored Bored

Send Sent Sent

Find Found Found

Spread Spread Spread

Found Founded Founded

Fall Fell Fallen

36 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Fell Felled Felled
Ans : rose
Feel Felt Felt
6. He raised / rose many questions.

m
Th
is
Ans : raised

PD
Shoot Shot Shot

F
be
7. The rivers have overflown /

lo

a'a
ng
Wind Wound Wound

s
to
overflowed the banks.

Zt
J
7e
z
Wound Wounded Wounde Ans :- overflowed

(8
87

M
26
d 8. The clothes were hanged / hung.

74
40
1@
Ans :- hung

gm
Burst Burst Burst

ai
l.c

i
9. The prisoner was hanged / hung.

om
an
,8
Bust Busted Busted

87
Ans : hanged

26
74
40
10. He hanged / hung his face in

1)
Cost Cost Cost
R shame.
Grind Ground Ground Ans : hung
ith

Ground Grounded Grounde 11. Such inequalities can be founded/

d found in the constitutions of other

countries.
W

Ans : found
Ex:
12. He has borne/born many difficulties
1. He lay / laid in the shade of the tree.
in life.
h

Ans : lay
Ans : borne
lis

2. He lied / lay to me yesterday.

13. Gandhi was born/borne on 2nd
Ans : lied
October.
g

3. The hens have laid / lain eggs.

Ans : born
En

Ans : laid
14. The birds have flown/flowed.
4. He lay / laid the luggage aside.
Ans : flown
Ans : laid
15. He rose/raised the flag.
5. The water level raised / rose by two
Ans : raised
feet.

37 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Note: Explanation :- Replace “began” with

m
Th
is
1) ADVICE : - Noun “begun” because has/have/had के बाद

PD
F
be
ADVISE : - Verb

lo

a'a
ng
verb का 3rd form आता है ।

s
to
2) PRACTICE : - Noun

Zt
J
7e
3. The assassin was convicted (a) /

z
PRACTISE : - Verb

(8
87

M
26
3) LICENCE : - Noun and ordered to (b)/ be hung last

74
40
1@
LICENSE : -Verb month. (c) / no error (d)

gm
ai
Ans :- c

l.c

i
4) EFFECT : - Noun

om
an
,8
Explanation :- Replace “hung” with

87
AFFECT : - Verb

26
74
“hanged”

40
5) COMPLAINT : - Noun

1)
COMPLAIN : - Verb
R 4. He was so inquisitive (a) / that he

6) AVENGE : - Verb rose many (b)/questions in the class.

(c) / no error (d)
ith

REVENGE : - Noun and Verb

When revenge acts like verb, it will Ans :- b

take reflexive pronoun. Explanation :- Replace “rose” with

W

Ex: “raised”

1. He lied on the grass (a) / for hours 5. After the allotted time was over (a)/

(b) / enjoying the cool breeze. (c) / no they torn of all (b)/ the papers which
h

error (d) they had used (c)/ no error (d)

lis

Ans :- a Ans :- b

Explanation :- Replace “lied” with “lay” Explanation :- Replace “torn” with

g

2. The process of (a) / receiving “tore” because ये sentence simple past

En

figures of damage (b) / to get

म जा रहा है । Tear का v2 tore और v3 torn
additional compensation has began.
(c) / no error (d) होता है

Ans :- c

38 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 6. This pen is (a)/ very good but (b)/ it 3. He has and will help the poor.
costed me ten rupees. (c)/ no error (d) Ans :- Add “helped” after has

m
Th
is
Ans :- c 4. His assistants have and are still

PD
F
be
Explanation : Replace “costed” with doing great jobs.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
“cost” because ये sentence present म Ans :- Add “done” after have

Zt
J
7e
z
(8
जा रहा है।

87

M
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
R
ith

Rule 33:
Rule 32: Questions based on stative and action
W

जब sentence म दो अलग अलग subject verb

A. Stative Verb It always takes an
आ जाए और एक singular और दस
ू रा plural
ADJECTIVE.
h

हो तो दोन के लए अलग अलग auxiliary Stative Verb :- A stative verb is one

lis

verb का need होगा। पर दोन एक जैसा हो used to describe a state or situation

Ex. :-
g

मतलब दोन singular/plural हो तो एक ह

Opinions and beliefs: believe, know,
En

auxiliary verb लगा सकते है । think, support, disagree

1. Two were killed and one injured. Emotions: like, love, hate, need, want,

Ans :- Add “was” after one wish, desire, fear

2. One was killed and two injured. The senses: look, see, appear, taste,

Ans :- Add “were” after two sound, hear, feel, seem, smell

39 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Possession: have, own, possess, (VIII) She was feeling hungry/hungrily.
belong, control Ans :- hungry

m
Th
is
Condition: weigh, lack, involve, (IX) She ate all the food

PD
F
be
resemble, include hungry/hungrily.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
B. Action Verb:- It takes an ADVERB. Ans :- hungrily

Zt
J
7e
z
Action Verb :- a verb that expresses (X). He is being (a) / very politely (b) /

(8
87

M
26
action for the reason best known to him (c)

74
40
1@
Ex. :- Run, walk, jump, talk, sing, no error (d)

gm
ai
l.c

i
speak, eat, drink, cry, skip, pull, push, Ans :- b

om
an
,8
87
fetch, give, make, bake, try, bring, Explanation :- Replace “politely” with

26
74
40
teach, study, etc. “polite” because being is stative verb

1)
Ex:
R और stative verb के बाद adjective आता
(i) The birds sang sweet/sweetly.
है ।
ith

Ans :- sweetly
(ii) He was smiling sweet/sweetly at (XI). Mangoes taste (a) / more sweetly

me. than (b) / any other fruit of this world

W

Ans :- sweetly (c) / No error. (d)

(iii) The food tasted sweet/sweetly. Ans :- b

Ans :- sweet Explanation :- Replace “more sweetly”

h

(iv) He was weeping bitter/bitterly. with “sweeter” because taste is stative

lis

Ans :- bitterly verb और stative verb के बाद adjective

(V) The food tasted bitter/bitterly.
आता है ।
g

Ans :- bitter
En

(VI) He was bitter/bitterly

disappointed.
Ans :- bitterly
(VII) She looks beautiful/beautifully.
Ans :- beautiful

40 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Note: 6. He is seeing the PM tomorrow. ✔
1. The flowers smell so sweetly that I Explanation :- because यहाँ seeing

m
Th
is
want to pluck them.

PD
मलने का sense दे रहा है ।

F
be
a. Smelling so sweetly

lo

a'a
ng
s
7. Seeing is believing. ✔

to
b. will smell so sweet

Zt
J
7e
✔ Explanation :- यहाँ का seeing gerund का

z
c. smell so sweet

(8
87

M
26
74
d. no improvement
काम रहा है ।

40
1@
2. The old man is blindly, (a)/ so don’t

gm
ai
Note:

l.c

i
call him a liar when (b)/ he says that

om
an
,8
1. Every year our association is having

87
he can’t read. (c)/ no error (d)

26
74
a meeting to elect the officer.

40
Ans :- a

1)
a. has a meeting ✔
Explanation :- Replace “blindly” with
R
“blind” because “is” is a stative verb b. are having a meeting
ith

c. having a meeting
और stative verb के बाद adjective आता
d. no improvement
है।
Explanation :- Because यहाँ every year
W

3. He is having a meeting tomorrow.

क बात हो रह है इसका मतलब ये है क
✔
habitual action क बात हो रह है । जब भी
Ans :- Have का …ing नह ं बनता है जब
h

habitual action क बात हो तो उसका tense

lis

have possession क बात करे । पर यहाँ

हमेशा simple present होता है ।
possession क बात नह ं कह जा रह है ।
g

2. I think our furniture needing to be

4. I am having dinner. ✔
En

polished.
5. He is seeing the movie.
a. needs to be polished ✔
Ans :- Replace “seeing” with
b. need to polish
“watching” because जब दे खने का sense
c. is needing to be polished
दे तो see का …ing नह ं बनता है । d. no improvement

41 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Explanation :- Need is stative verb. और statement क बात हो तो उसका tense

stative verb का …ing form नह ं होता है । हमेशा simple present होगा।

m
Th
is
PD
F
be
Furniture is singular so, verb will also 6. Ramesh smiled when he was

lo

a'a
ng
s
be singular. remembering (a)/ his hard early years

to
Zt
J
7e
3. I can’t go out in the rain as I am not (b)/ and his long road to success. (c)/

z
(8
87

M
26
having an umbrella. no error (d)

74
40
1@
a. have no umbrella Ans :- a

gm
ai
b. don’t have an umbrella ✔ Explanation :- Replace “was

l.c

i om
an
,8
remembering” with “remembered”

87
c. don’t have the umbrella

26
74
because remember का …ing form नह ं

40
d. no error

1)
Explanation :- Have का …ing नह ं होता है
R
होता है ।
जब possession क बात हो। 7. People who are not belonging to (a)/
ith

4. I am thinking (a)/ you were aware any nationalist party (b)/ want to
(b)/ of the rules and regulations divide the country. (c)/ no error (d)
W

before joining. (c)/ no error (d) Ans :- a

Ans :- a Explanation :- Replace “are not
Explanation :- Replace “am thinking” belonging” with “do not belong”
h

with “think” because

lis

5. Some people are believing (a)/ that belong का …ing form नह ं होता है ।
women cannot (b) compete with men.
g

(c)/ no error (d)

En

Ans :- a
Explanation :- Replace “are believing”

with “believe” because यहाँ general

statement क बात हो रह है । जब general

42 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 34:

m
Th
is
PD
F
be
lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
J
7e
z
(8
87

M
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
USES OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
R D. There is an understanding between
(1) If two or more pronouns are joined Ram and I.
ith

by “AND”, “OR”, they should be in the Ans :- Replace “I” with “me” because I
same case. is a subjective case. But we need an
Ex: objective case.
W

a) These books are for you and I. ❌ (2) After the word “LET”, the pronoun
Ans :- Replace “I” with “me” because I is always in the objective case.
Ex:
h

is a subjective case. But we need an

objective case. (a) Let him do the work. ✔
lis

b) You and I will do the work. ✔ (b) Let us attend the meeting. ✔
g

c) Ram or myself will do the work. (c) The principal ordered the peon to
Ans :- Replace “myself” with “I” let Ram and I enter his chamber.
En

because myself is a reflexive pronoun. Ans :- Replace “I” with “me” because I

और sentence के subject होने के लए उसे is a subjective case. But we need an

objective case.
subjective case होना पड़ेगा।

43 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (3) After the phrases “It is” or “It was”, (a) I know better than he/him.
the pronoun is in the subjective case. Ans :- he, because यहाँ subject का

m
Th
is
Ex:

PD
comparison subject से हो रहा है ।

F
be
(a) It was him/he who helped me to do

lo

a'a
ng
s
(b) I know you better than he/him.

to
the work.

Zt
J
7e
Ans :- him (यहाँ comparison "you " का

z
Ans :- he

(8
87

M
26
(b) It is me/I who am responsible for

74
"him " से हो रहा है (Objective का

40
1@
the mistake.

gm
objective से)

ai
l.c

i
Ans :- “I”

om
an
,8
87
NOTE: (c) I know you better than he/him.

26
74
Ans :- He (यहाँ comparison "I" का "he"

40
Ex:

1)
(a) If I were he/him, I would help her
R
के बच है (Subject का subject से)
with money.
Note :- Sentence (b) & (c) दोन सह है।
ith

Ans :- he
(b) If they were I/me, they would not
यहाँ दोन का possibility हो सकता है पर
oppose their boss.
W

Ans :- I दोन का meaning different होगा।

(c) I supposed Ram to be Shyam.

Ans :- This sentence is correct.
h

(d) I supposed Ram to be he/him.

lis

Ans :- him, because object का

g

comparison object से होगा।

En

(4) After the word “THAN”, the pronoun

can be in the subjective as well as in
the objective case.
Ex:

44 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 35: Rule 36
Reciprocal Pronouns WHO:- Subject के लए use करते है ।

m
Th
is
EACH OTHER / ONE ANOTHER

PD
WHOM:- Object के लए use करते है ।

F
be
(1) Each other For two persons/things.

lo

a'a
ng
s
Ex:

to
(2) One another For more than two

Zt
J
7e
1) Marie curie was a scientist who /

z
persons/things.

(8
87

M
26
Ex:- whom won two nobel prizes.

74
40
1@
(a) The two cats were fighting with Ans :- who

gm
ai
2) The person who / whom helped him

l.c

i
each other /one another.

om
an
,8
is my old friend.

87
Ans :- each other

26
74
Ans :- who

40
(b) All the students of the class help

1)
each other / one another.
R 3) I will visit my parents who / whom

Ans :- one another live in Delhi.

Ans :- who
ith

(c) He was so afraid that his knees

knocked against each other / one 4) He is not one of those who / whom

another. will help everyone he meets.

W

Ans :- each other Ans :- who

5) The person to who / whom I am
speaking is my old friend.
h

Ans :- whom, because जहाँ भी sentence

lis

म preposition(to) दख जाये तो उसके बाद

g

objective case ह होगा।

En

6) By who / whom was the Ramayana

written ?
Ans :- whom
7) With who / whom did you travel ?
Ans :- whom

45 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Note: Rule 37:
1) The person who / whom I met Concept of One/Ones/One’s

m
Th
is
yesterday is my friend

PD
F
be
Ans :- whom Pronoun

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
2) The person who / whom met me ONE

Zt
J
7e
z
yesterday is my friend. Adjective

(8
87

M
26
Ans :- who Ex.:-

74
40
1@
3) He is the person who / whom, A. One of the students was present.

gm
(Pronoun)

ai
(Pronoun)

l.c

i
everyone thought, has stolen the

om
an
,8
87
purse. B. One student was present.

26
(Adjective)

74
40
Ans :- who

1)
4. He identified a girl who\whom we
R C. One should help others.
(Pronoun)
found to be the main culprit.
ith

Ans :- whom Ex:-

5. He is the person who/whom we (d) One should do one’s / their duties
appreciate for hard work. oneself /themselves.
W

Ans :- whom Ans :- one’s & oneself, because the

6. I know the boy who/whom they say possessive case of one is one’s.
has stolen the purse. (e) Gandhiji said that one should
h

Ans :- who respect their /one’s religion.

lis

Ans :- one’s because जब भी one का

g

means everybody के sense म हो तो हम

En

one का possessive one’s लगाएंगे।

(f) One of the students forgot to bring

his / her /their /one’s book.
Ans :- his

46 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (g) I don't want the blue pen. I want the (2) He was one of those students who
red one. completed his / their project on time.

m
Th
is
Ans :- The sentence is correct. Ans :- their, because “who” as a

PD
F
be
(h) I don’t want the blue pens. I want relative pronoun students के लए use

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
the red ones.

Zt
हुआ है ।

J
7e
z
Ans :- The sentence is correct.

(8
87

M
26
(3) Neither Ram nor his friends

74
40
1@
brought his / their documents.

gm
ai
Ans :- their, because when two

l.c

i om
an
,8
subjects are joined by or, either-or,

87
26
74
neither-nor, not only-but also, the

40
1)
R verb will be according to the nearer
subject to the verb.
(4) The treasurer and secretary gave
ith

his / their consent.

Rule 38: Ans :- his

W

Pronoun and Subject-verb agreement (5) The treasurer and the secretary

(1) The students as well as the teacher gave his / their consent.

did his /their work. Ans :- their

h

Ans :- their, because when two (6) He was only one of the students
lis

subjects are joined by with,along with, who completed his / their work on

except, as well as, together with, time.

g

besides, etc. the verb is according to Ans :- his

En

the 1st subject. If the subject is (7) One of the students forgot to do his

singular, the verb will be singular and / their work.

the subject is plural, the verb will also Ans :- his

be plural.

47 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 8) Everybody should respect his / their some mistake or guilt ), the
elders. arrangement is 123

m
Th
is
Ans :- his Ex:-

PD
F
be
9) All should do his / their work. 1. You, he and I are responsible for the

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Ans :- their mistake. ❌

Zt
J
7e
z
10) Nobody was ready to leave his / Ans :- I, you and he

(8
87

M
26
their seat.

74
(b) In case of plural pronouns, the

40
1@
Ans :- his arrangement is 123

gm
ai
l.c

i
Ex:-

om
an
,8
87
1. We, you and they will attend the

26
74
40
meeting. ✔

1)
R
(2) When in a sentence, there are 1st
and 2nd persons, the arrangement is
ith

21
Ex:-
1. I and you are ready for the task. ❌
W

Rule 39:
Ans :- You and I
ARRANGEMENT OF PRONOUNS
(3) When in a sentence, there are 2nd
(1) When in a normal sentence there
h

and 3rd persons, arrangement is 23

are 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons, the
lis

Ex:-
arrangement is 231
1. He and you have finished the work.
Ex:-
g

Ans :- You and he

1. I, you and he shall complete the
En

(4) When in a sentence, there are 1st

work on time. ❌
and 3rd persons, the arrangement is
Ans :- You,he and I 31
Note:
a) But in negative/confessional
sentences ( sentences expressing
48 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex:- (e) You as well as I is/are ready to do
1. I and Priya will complete the work the work.

m
Th
is
on time. Ans :- are (जब भी “as well as” से

PD
F
be
Ans :- Priya and I

lo

a'a
ng
subject joined हो, verb first subject के

s
to
Note:

Zt
J
7e
जब भी sentence म तीन person आ जाए according होगा।)

z
(8
87

M
26
74
(f) Ram and I is/are/am intimate
मतलब 1st, 2nd & 3rd to possessive

40
1@
friends.

gm
ai
case 1st person के according लगाएंगे।

l.c

i om
Ans :- are

an
,8
87
jab 2(1st & 2nd) हो तो possessive 1st (g) Ram or I is/am/are intimate

26
74
40
friends.

1)
person के according होगा। jab 2(1st &
R
Ans :- am (“or” से joined हो तो, verb
3rd) हो तो possessive 1st person के
nearer subject(I) according होगा।)
ith

according होगा। jab 2 (2nd & 3rd) हो तो

possessive 2nd के according होगा।

W

(a) You, he and I will complete your /

his / my / our work.
h

Ans :- our
(b) You and I will complete
lis

your/my/our work.
Ans :- our
g

(c) Ram and I will complete

En

your/my/our work.
Ans :- our
(d) You and he will complete your/his
work.
Ans :- your
49 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 40: Rule 41:
Use of Enough USE OF VERY / MUCH

m
Th
is
Enough:- 1. It acts as an adjective as VERY:-

PD
F
be
well as an adverb. (a) It acts as an adverb.

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
2. It takes adjective of positive degree. (b) It takes an adjective of positive

Zt
J
7e
z
Ex. degree.

(8
87

M
26
a. We haven’t got enough money to (c) It takes Present Participle.

74
40
1@
complete the project. ✔ MUCH :-

gm
ai
l.c

i
b. She is smart enough to handle the (a) It acts as an adverb as well as an

om
an
,8
87
situation. adjective.

26
74
40
c. He is enough tall to be selected in (a) It takes an adjective of comparative

1)
the basketball team.
R degree.
Ans :- Replace “enough tall” with “tall (b) It takes Past Participle.
ith

enough” Ex:-
d. He is wiser enough to do the work (a) She is very good / better at
on time. painting.
W

Ans :- Replace “wiser enough” with Ans :- good

“wise enough” (b) He is very / much smarter than his
brother.
h

Ans :- much
lis

(c) I was much / very shocked to see

her pathetic condition.
g

Ans :- much
En

(d) The incident was very shocked /

shocking.
Ans :- shocking

50 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (e) The book is very / much Ex:-
interesting. (a) The task given to him is too much /

m
Th
is
Ans :- interesting much too difficult.

PD
F
be
(f) The matter has been much / very Ans :- much too, because difficult is an

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
discussed. adjective.

Zt
J
7e
z
Ans :- much (b) There was too much / much too

(8
87

M
26
snow on the road.

74
40
1@
Ans :- too much, because snow is a

gm
ai
l.c

i
noun.

om
an
,8
87
(c) I haven’t had too much / much too

26
74
40
sleep today.

1)
R Ans :- too much because sleep is a
noun
ith

(d) The boys are too much / much too

Rule 42: lazy to volunteer for extra work.
TOO MUCH / MUCH TOO Ans :- much too because lazy is an
W

Too Much :- adjective.

(a) It takes a NOUN with it.

(b) Too Much का use positive और

h
lis

negative दोन sentence म करते है ।

Much Too:-
g

(a) It takes an ADJECTIVE with it.

En

(b) Much too का use सफ negative

sentence म करते है ।

51 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 43: Rule 44:

m
Th
is
Use of So / such Position Of Adverbs

PD
F
be
1. So :- Part of the speech is Adverb. It Adverbs of frequency are always used

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
takes an adjective / adverb with it. before a VERB.

Zt
J
7e
z
2. Such :- Part of the speech is Ex: Always, never, seldom, rarely,

(8
87

M
26
Adjective. It takes a noun with it. scarcely, often, etc.

74
40
1@
Ex:- 1. He helps me never.

gm
ai
l.c

i
(a) He spoke such / so clearly that Ans :- This sentence is wrong.

om
an
,8
87
everybody understood his point. Because adverb of frequency हमेशा

26
74
40
Ans :- so, because clearly is an

1)
verb के पहले आता है ।
adverb.
R
(b) He is so / such an idiot that he Correct Sentence :- He never helps
me.
ith

doesn’t know the capital of his

country. 2. He comes often to my house.

Ans :- such, because idiot is a noun. Correct form :- He often comes to my

W

(c) He is so / such strong that he can house.

do the work easily. 3. She is always making the same

Ans :- so, because strong is an mistake.

h

adjective. Ans :- This sentence is correct.

lis

Because जब भी दो verb या न auxiliary

and main verb आ जाए तो adverb of

g
En

frequency दोन के बच म रखगे।

52 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 45: d) He spoke loudly yesterday at the

m
Th
is
MPT :- (1) Adverb of Manner meeting.

PD
F
be
(2) Adverb of Place Correct form :- He spoke loudly at the

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
(3) Adverb of Time meeting yesterday.

Zt
J
7e
z
(8
87

M
26
MPT rule का मतलब ये है क जब भी

74
40
1@
gm
sentence म Adverb of Manner, Adverb

ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
of Place & Adverb of Time तीन आ जाए

87
26
74
40
तो इसका arrangement इस कार करगे क

1)
R
पहले Manner इसके बाद Place तब Time
ith

को लखगे। Rule 46:

USE OF “ONLY”
Ex.
The word “ONLY” should be placed
(a) The girl sang beautifully last night
W

immediately before the word it

at the party.
modifies or describes.
Ans :- This sentence is wrong.
Ex:-
h

Because MPT का position गलत है।

(a) Only she can speak. ✔
lis

Correct Sentence :- The girl sang

Explanation :- यहाँ “only” she को
beautifully at the party last night.
g

(b) Come at 7 o’ clock to my house. describe कर रहा है। ( सफ वह ह बोल

En

Correct form :- Come to my house at 7 सकती है।)

o’clock
(c) They last evening went to Jaipur.
Correct form :- They went to Jaipur
last evening.

53 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (b) She can speak only. ✔ (g) They only work when they need

Explanation :- यहाँ “only” speak को money.

m
Th
is
Ans :- Remove “only” and add before

PD
describe कर रहा है । (वह सफ बोल ह

F
be
when.

lo

a'a
ng
s
सकती है।)

to
Zt
J
7e
z
(8
(c) He only spoke and everybody was

87

M
26
74
silent.

40
1@
gm
Ans :- Replace “He only” with “Only he”

ai
l.c

i om
because यहाँ he का comparison

an
,8
87
26
74
everybody के साथ हो रहा है ना क spoke

40
1)
R
का हो रहा है ।

(d) She only answered two questions.

ith

Rule 47:
Ans :- Remove “only” and add before
Uses of Adverbs and Inversion
two, because यहाँ “only” two को
Inversion :- Subject के पहले verb का
W

describe कर रहा है ।
आना inversion कहलाता है। Generally
(e) The only death of her son was
inversion interrogative sentence म use
h

shocking.
होता है । But adverbs से start होने वाले
lis

Ans :- Remove “only” and add before

son, because यहाँ “only” son को

कुछ sentences म भी inversion होता है ।
g

describe कर रहा है । Some adverbs take inversion.

En

(f) She only eats strawberries for Such as:- Never, not, few, little, hardly,
dinner. scarcely, too, so, etc. ये सारे adverb तब
Ans :- Remove “only” and add before
ह inversion लेगा जब sentence इससे
strawberries.
start हो।

54 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex. Rule 48:
(i) He never helps me. ✔ Use Of Articles:

m
Th
is
(ii) Never he does help me. ❌ A/An is an indefinite article whereas

PD
F
be
the is definite article.

lo

a'a
(iii) Never does he help me. ✔

ng
s
to
कसी नाम के पहले article का use नह ं

Zt
(iv) Never I have met a person like

J
7e
z
(8
him. ❌ करते है पर कभी कभी करते है ऐसा करने से

87

M
26
74
40
(v) Never have I met a person like him.
इसका meaning different हो जाता है । कसी

1@
gm
✔

ai
l.c

i
person क quality बतानी हो तो the का

om
an
(vi) I have never met a person like

,8
87
26
him. ✔ use कर सकते है ।

74
40
1)
(vii) He hardly attended the classes.✔
R 1. A Mr. Ram has come to meet me. ✔
(viii) Hardly he did attend the classes.
Explanation :- A Mr. Ram means any
❌
ith

Mr. Ram. यहाँ कसी भी Mr. Ram क बात

(ix) Hardly did he attend the classes.
✔ हो रह है।
W

2. Mr. Ram has come to meet me. ✔

Explanation:- Mr. Ram means कसी

h

खास Mr. Ram क बात हो रह है ।

lis

3. The Newton was a great scientist.

❌
g

4. He is the Newton of our class. ✔

En

Explanation :- Because यहाँ newton क

quality के बारे म बोला जा रहा है क , he

Newton है हमारे class का।

55 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 5. The Shakespeare was a great 2. The is also used before Ordinals
dramatist. ❌ (First, second, third, etc.)

m
Th
is
Ex:

PD
6. Kalidas was the Shakespeare of

F
be
India. ✔ a) The first chapter of the book is

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
interesting. ✔

Zt
7. Judge in him prevailed upon and he

J
7e
z
b) Our class is on the second floor. ✔

(8
sentenced his own son to death.

87

M
26
74
Ans :- Add “the” before judge, because 3. Comparative degree के पहले the का

40
1@
वो judge नह ं है । उसके अंदर क judge क

gm
use करते है जब comparison “of” लगा क

ai
l.c

i om
an
quality क बात हो रह है ।

,8
87
कया जा रहा हो। ले कन जब than लगा के

26
74
40
1)
कया जाए तो the का use नह ं करगे।
R
Ex:
a) He is the better of the two boys. ✔
ith

b) He is the better than the two boys.

❌
W

Ans :- Remove “the” before better.

Note:

कभी कभी of/than लगा के comparison

h

Rule 49:
lis

नह ं होता है तब भी the का use करगे।

1. The is used before Superlatives
Degree. a) The higher you go, cooler you feel.
g

Ex: Ans :- Add “the” before cooler

En

a) He is the best boy in the class. ✔ b) Greater the demand, the higher the
price.
b) She is the tallest girl in the family.
Ans :- Add”the” before greater
✔

56 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 c) The more electricity you use, higher मतलब दो person है पर यहाँ एक ह
your bill will be.
person(friend) क बात हो रह है तो a का

m
Th
is
Ans :- Add “the” before” higher”

PD
F
use पहले वाले subject के साथ करगे।

be
lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Zt
4. He introduced me to his friend who

J
7e
z
is a singer and scientist. ✔

(8
87

M
26
74
40
1@
gm
ai
l.c

i om
an
,8
87
26
74
40
1)
Rule 50:
R
3. When two subjects or things are
ith

thought of as a single unit, article is

used before the first subject.
Rule 51:
Ex:
When we talk about a person or thing
W

1. He was ready with a cup & a saucer.

in general sense, no article is used.
Ans :- Remove “a” before saucer,
But when a person or thing is
because cup & saucer दोन मल कर के
h

particularised, article is used,

lis

एक unit का काम कर रहे है। Ex:

1. Man is mortal. ✔
2. He was ready with a cup and
g

Explanation :- यहाँ general “man” क

saucer. ✔
En

3. He introduced me to his friend who बात हो रह है तो the का use नह ं करगे।

is a singer and a scientist.
2. I saw the man in the forest. ✔
Ans :- Remove “a” before scientist,
Explanation :- यहाँ particular man क
because a singer और a scientist का
बात हो रह है तो the का use करगे।

57 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 3. Water is essential for life. ✔ Ex:

Explanation :- यहाँ general water क 1. The house was on a fire. ❌

m
Th
is
2. The house was on fire. ✔

PD
बात हो रह है तो the का use नह ं करगे।

F
be
lo

a'a
ng
s
4. The water of the river is dirty. ✔

to
Zt
J
7e
Explanation :- यहाँ particular water क

z
(8
87

M
26
74
बात हो रह है तो the का use करगे।

40
1@
gm
ai
5. Gold is a precious metal. ✔

l.c

i om
an
,8
87
6. The gold of this ring is of inferior

26
74
quality. ✔

40
1)
R
Rule 53:
No article is used before the names of
ith

languages.
Ex:
1. He studied the English at home. ❌
W

2. He studied English at home. ✔

3. The English defeated the French. ✔
h

Explanation :- Here, The English refers

lis

to ‘The British’.
4. The French is spoken by the French.
Rule 52:
g

Ans :- Remove “the” from 1st वाला

No article is used with certain
En

idiomatic phrases like – in danger, in French. Because 1st वाला the French
demand, on fire, in problem, by
का मतलब language है और 2nd वाला the
mistake, in detail, in conclusion, in
French means the people of France
difficulty, in hope, by train, by bus, in
confusion, in debt, in anger etc. होता है ।

58 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 (f) He has been working since / for a
week.

m
Th
is
Ans :- for

PD
F
be
(g) He has been working since / for

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
last week.

Zt
J
7e
z
Ans :- since

(8
87

M
26
Rule 54: (h) He has been working since / for

74
40
1@
Uses of SINCE / FOR last two weeks.

gm
ai
l.c
Ans :- for, because since के साथ plural

i
SINCE :- It denotes definite “POINT OF

om
an
,8
87
TIME.”

26
का use नह ं करते है ।

74
40
FOR :- It denotes “LENGTH OF TIME.”

1)
(Duration)
R (i) The custom has been in prevalence

Ex :- since / for time immemorial.

Ans :- since
ith

(a) He has been living here since/ for a

month. (j) He has been playing cricket since /

Ans :- for for childhood.

W

(b) He has been living here since/ for Ans :- since, जब stage of life हो जैसे
January.
infant, toddler, childhood, etc. के साथ
Ans :- since
h

(c) I have known him since/ for 2014. since का use कर सकते है ।
lis

Ans :- since (k) This custom has been in

(d) I have known him since/ for a year. prevalence since / for ancient times.
g

Ans :- for Ans :- since, Ancient Times, Medieval

En

(e) He has been working since / for Times & Modern Times हो तो इसके साथ
Monday. since का use करते है यो क ये सब सारे
Ans :- since words point of time को indicate करते
है ।

59 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Note :- Rule 55:

1. Since का use perfect and perfect Note:-

m
Th
is
कुछ ऐसे भी transitive verbs होते है जो

PD
continuous म होता है ।

F
be
lo

a'a
ng
preposition नह ं लेते है पर वह verb अगर

s
2. For का use Indefinite, perfect and

to
Zt
J
7e
noun का काम करे तो preposition लेता है ।

z
perfect continuous तीनो म होता है ।

(8
87

M
26
74
Ex :-

40
Ex:

1@
(1) The thief attacked on the boy.

gm
1. He worked for two days. ✔

ai
l.c

i om
Ans :- Remove “on” (attacked is a

an
,8
2. He has worked for two days. ✔

87
verb)

26
74
3. He has been working for two days.

40
(2) There was an attack on the boy.

1)
✔
R
✔(attack is a noun)
4. He has worked since Monday. ✔
(3) He ordered for two cups of coffee.
ith

5. He has been working since Monday. Ans :- Remove “for” (ordered is a verb)
✔ (4) He gave an order for two cups of
coffee.✔ (order is a noun)
W

5. Will you order for a cup of coffee?

Ans :- Remove “for” (order is a verb)
h

6. He emphasized on the point.

lis

Ans :- Remove “on”

7. He put emphasis on the point. ✔
g

9. Television affects on our eyes.

En

Ans :- Remove “on”

10. The poet described about the spring
season.
Ans :- Remove “about”

60 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 11. The students are awaiting for the Rule 56:
result. MADE OF / MADE FROM

m
Th
is
Ans :- Remove “for”, but waiting के साथ MADE OF :- When the basic material

PD
F
be
doesn’t change in the process of

lo

a'a
ng
for का use कर सकते है।

s
to
making an object. In other sense, we

Zt
J
7e
12. Despite of hard work, he didn’t

z
can say physical change

(8
87

M
26
succeed in the exam. MADE FROM :- The basic material

74
40
Ans :- Remove “of”, but inspite के साथ

1@
changes. In other sense, we can say

gm
ai
l.c

i
chemical change.
of का use कर सकते है।

om
an
,8
87
Ex :-

26
74
13. The police investigated into the

40
(1) Paper is made of / from wood.

1)
matter.
R Ans :- from
Ans :- Remove “into”, but enter के साथ (2) The almirah is made of / from iron.
ith

into लगा सकते है । Ans :- of

(3) Curd is made of / from milk.
14. He violated against the rules.
Ans :- from
Ans :- Remove “against”
W

(4) Flour is made of / from wheat.

15. The king invaded on the territory.
Ans :- from
Ans :- Remove “on”
(5) Glass is made of / from melted
h

16. He resembled to his parents.

sand.
lis

Ans :- Remove “to”

Ans :- from
g
En

61 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 57: Among :- For more than two
Uses of BESIDE / BESIDES persons/things. It portrays the idea of

m
Th
is
BESIDE :- By the side of being part of a “GROUP.”

PD
F
be
BESIDES :- In addition to Ex:

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
Ex: (1) The two cats divided the bread

Zt
J
7e
z
1. Beside / Besides English, he speaks between / among themselves.

(8
87

M
26
French. Ans :- between

74
40
1@
Ans :- Besides (2) Innovation distinguishes between /

gm
ai
l.c

i
2. The pilgrims took some medicines among a leader and a follower.

om
an
,8
87
beside / besides food. Ans :- between

26
74
40
Ans :- besides Note :- “Between” can also be used

1)
3. There is a temple beside / besides
R with more than two persons / things
my house. as long as they are separate and
ith

Ans :- beside distinct.

Ex:
1. The negotiations between / among
W

England, America and Russia are

going well.

Ans :- between, because among के साथ

h
lis

कभी भी and नह ं आता है।

2. There is a match between / among

g

India, Australia and England.

En

Rule 58: Ans :- between, because among के साथ

Uses of BETWEEN / AMONG
कभी भी and नह ं आता है।
Between :- For two persons/things. It
Note :- There are certain words which
is used when we talk about things
are followed by “ BETWEEN”
which are “SEPARATE” / “DISTINCT.”

62 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Ex :- Ex :-
Distinguish, differentiate, connection, (1) He dived in / into the river.

m
Th
is
difference, link, relationship, choose, Ans :- into

PD
F
be
divide. (2) He was swimming in / into the

lo

a'a
ng
s
to
(1) I didn’t want to choose between / river.

Zt
J
7e
z
among the singers. Ans :- in

(8
87

M
26
Ans :- between (3) The students walked in the room.

74
40
1@
(2) Is there any difference between / (पहले से ह room म था)

gm
ai
l.c

i
among the brothers?

om
Ans :- This sentence is correct.

an
,8
87
Ans :- between

26
(4) The students walked into the room.

74
40
(3) There is no connection between /

1)
(बाहर से room म enter कया)
among all the incidents.
R
Ans :- between Ans :- This sentence is also correct.
but the meaning of (3) & (4) will be
ith

(4) Divide the property between /

among the members of the family. different.

Ans :- between 5. The frog was lying in / into the well.

W

Ans :- in
6. The frog jumped in / into the well.
Ans :- into
h

7. The water was in / into the bottle.

lis

Ans :- in
8. He poured the water in / into the
g

bottle.
En

Ans :- into

Rule 59: 9. The residents were in / into trouble.

Uses of IN / INTO Ans :- in

IN :- No change of medium/state 10. The residents got in / into trouble.

INTO :- Medium/state changes Ans :- into

63 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 11. The pen was in / into the pocket. Note:-
Ans :- in जब enter place के sense म हो तो ये कोई

m
Th
is
12. He put the pen in / into the pocket.

PD
भी preposition नह ं लेगा। ले कन जब

F
be
Ans :- into

lo

a'a
ng
s
enter place का sense ना दे तो

to
13. The filthy roads were changed in /

Zt
J
7e
z
into clean roads.
preposition लगा सकते है जैसे :-

(8
87

M
26
Ans :- into

74
40
enter into an alliance ✔

1@
14. Translate the passage in / into

gm
enter into an agreement ✔

ai
l.c

i
English.

om
an
,8
enter into a discussion ✔

87
Ans :- into

26
74
40
15. Translate the passage from Hindi Uses of THROW / THREW –

1)
into/in/to English.
R INTO ❌

Ans :- to, because from के साथ to का IN ✔

ith

Ex :-
use होता है ।
(a) He threw the paper in/into the
Note :-
dustbin.
W

(1) ENTER (Place) – INTO ❌

Ans:- in, because threw के साथ in का
(2) ENTER(Place) – IN ❌
use होता है ।
(3) ENTER(Place) – NO Preposition ✔
h

Ex :- (b) He threw the bucket in/into the

lis

(a) He entered in/into the classroom. river.

Ans :- Remove “in/into” (no Ans:- in, because threw के साथ in का

g

preposition)
use होता है ।
En

Correct Form :- He entered the

classroom.
(b) He entered in/into the bank.
Ans :- Remove “in/into”
Correct form :- He entered the bank.
64 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Rule 60: (5) He died with grief. (shame/sorrow)
Uses of OF/OFF ✔

m
Th
is
OF :- (6) He died by violence. ✔

PD
F
be
(1) It shows possession/ownership

lo

a'a
(7) He died in the Gujarat riots. ✔

ng
s
to
(2) It shows cause/reason

Zt
(8) He died for his country. ✔

J
7e
z
(3) It shows what something is made

(8
87
Off :- It is used for

M
26
of

74
40
separation/detachment

1@
(4) It also used for choice/selection

gm
1. Switch of/off the fan.

ai
l.c

i
Ex :-

om
Ans :- off

an
,8
87
1. The dramas of Shakespeare are very

26
2. The wheel came of/off the cart.

74
40
interesting. ✔(possession)

1)
Ans :-off
2. He died of cancer. ✔(cause)
R
3. The plane took of/off.
3. The water of the Ganga is dirty. Ans :- off
ith

✔(origin) Note:-
4. She wore a necklace made of gold. 1. Switch off the fan. ✔
✔ Put off the candle. ❌
W

Note :- Because put off means postpone, so

Given below are some fixed we can use put out which means
h

prepositions:- extinguish.
lis

(1) He died of Malaria. (disease) ✔ 2. Dispose/rid/rob/acquit/shortage/

(2) He died in an accident. (accident) deprive/guilty/accused/keepclear/lack
g

✔ / devoid के साथ of का use होता है ।

En

(3) He died from wound. (injury/over-

3. Dispense के साथ with का use होता है ।
eating) ✔
4. Vex with a person
(4) He died of hunger.
5. Vex at a thing
(starvation/thirst) ✔

65 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m
 Uses of WITH / BY (c) I will stand by you through thick
WITH :- and thin. ✔

m
Th
is
(1) It is used to indicate “being

PD
(2) “BY” also indicates the “DOER” in

F
be
together.”

lo

a'a
passive voice.

ng
s
to
Ex :- Ex :-

Zt
J
7e
(a) I will be with you shortly. ✔

z
(a) The work was done by him. ✔

(8
87

M
26
(b) He was working with his sister. ✔

74
(b) She was taken to the hospital by

40
1@
(2) With का use instruments / weapons her friends. ✔

gm
ai
l.c

i om
(c) He was killed by / with a dagger by

an
के लए करते है और िजसके वारा कया जा

,8
87
26
/ with a highwayman.

74
40
रहा है तो by का use करते है (by the doer).

1)
Ans :- with & by
R
Ex :-
(a) He opened the box with / by a
ith

screwdriver.
Ans :- with
(b) He cut his finger with / by a knife.
W

Ans :- with
(c) I wrote the answers with / by a
h

blue pen.
lis

Ans :- with
(d) I wrote the answers in blue ink. ✔
g

BY :-
En

(1) It is used in sense of

NEAR/CLOSE/BESIDE/NEXT TO
Ex :-
(a) The house is by the lake. ✔
(b) She came and sat by me. ✔

66 | E n g l i s h W i t h R a n i M a ’ a m